Pub Date : 2012-02-01DOI: 10.5251/AJSIR.2012.3.1.47.55
M. Abbass, K. S. Hassan
The aim of this work is to study the influence of the joint design of Tungsten Inert Gas welding (TIG) on the corrosion resistance of low carbon steel (type St-37). A single V-butt joints of a low carbon steel plates are performed by the Vangles 30°,45°,60° and square butt joint (angle 90°). Corrosion behavior of welded specimens in 3.5% NaCl solution was examined using Tafel polarization measurements. The corrosion behavior of the welded joint also is determined by open circuit potential (OCP) after that the cell’s current is changed due to increasing in potential by ±100. The results shown that the corrosion rate of welded joint with V-angle of 30° was found to be less than that of other angles (45°,60° and 90°). It found that the corrosion resistance of base metal was better than that of all welded joints. From the results of the microstructure it is evident that the joint design or geometric shape of weld has an important role in the welding process, when the preparation angle value of the weld gets bigger, the faults gets less due to increase of heat quantity in the weld region.
{"title":"Influence of the butt joint design of TIG welding on corrosion resistance of low carbon steel","authors":"M. Abbass, K. S. Hassan","doi":"10.5251/AJSIR.2012.3.1.47.55","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5251/AJSIR.2012.3.1.47.55","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this work is to study the influence of the joint design of Tungsten Inert Gas welding (TIG) on the corrosion resistance of low carbon steel (type St-37). A single V-butt joints of a low carbon steel plates are performed by the Vangles 30°,45°,60° and square butt joint (angle 90°). Corrosion behavior of welded specimens in 3.5% NaCl solution was examined using Tafel polarization measurements. The corrosion behavior of the welded joint also is determined by open circuit potential (OCP) after that the cell’s current is changed due to increasing in potential by ±100. The results shown that the corrosion rate of welded joint with V-angle of 30° was found to be less than that of other angles (45°,60° and 90°). It found that the corrosion resistance of base metal was better than that of all welded joints. From the results of the microstructure it is evident that the joint design or geometric shape of weld has an important role in the welding process, when the preparation angle value of the weld gets bigger, the faults gets less due to increase of heat quantity in the weld region.","PeriodicalId":7661,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Scientific and Industrial Research","volume":"2020 1","pages":"47-55"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77248483","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-02-01DOI: 10.5251/AJSIR.2012.3.1.21.26
V. Oladokun, S. Adeshiyan
With high solar radiation across Nigeria, solar power system can become a viable solution to the Nigeria’s electricity power crisis if the problem of high capital cost of solar power supply system can be addressed. In this study the use of demand management based design approach has been explored for reducing the capital cost of residential solar power supply system. Utilities and energy demands of thirty randomly picked homes in selected residential areas were studied. The houses were classified into one, two and three rooms’ residential apartments. New energy efficient appliances that can deliver the same or higher utility values as those already in use in these houses were identified and proposed as replacement to cut energy demand. Cost analysis of replacement with these energy star appliances was carried out. Solar system designs and associated cost models were developed for both the existing demand system and the proposed energy efficient demand system. For comparative analysis, appliances replacement cost was factored into the associated solar system capital cost. The average total energy demands were 1255W, 1785W, and 2185 for one, two, and three bedroom flats respectively while equivalent demands for energy efficient system are 389W, 820W, and 851W respectively. The cost of designing and installing a solar power with the replaced appliances exhibits a significant reduction of 64.88%, 64.5% and 62.16% for the one, two and three rooms residential set up respectively. We conclude that an integrated demand management design approach is very useful in reducing the capital cost of residential solar systems.
{"title":"Demand management based design of residential solar power supply system: a techno-economic evaluation","authors":"V. Oladokun, S. Adeshiyan","doi":"10.5251/AJSIR.2012.3.1.21.26","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5251/AJSIR.2012.3.1.21.26","url":null,"abstract":"With high solar radiation across Nigeria, solar power system can become a viable solution to the Nigeria’s electricity power crisis if the problem of high capital cost of solar power supply system can be addressed. In this study the use of demand management based design approach has been explored for reducing the capital cost of residential solar power supply system. Utilities and energy demands of thirty randomly picked homes in selected residential areas were studied. The houses were classified into one, two and three rooms’ residential apartments. New energy efficient appliances that can deliver the same or higher utility values as those already in use in these houses were identified and proposed as replacement to cut energy demand. Cost analysis of replacement with these energy star appliances was carried out. Solar system designs and associated cost models were developed for both the existing demand system and the proposed energy efficient demand system. For comparative analysis, appliances replacement cost was factored into the associated solar system capital cost. The average total energy demands were 1255W, 1785W, and 2185 for one, two, and three bedroom flats respectively while equivalent demands for energy efficient system are 389W, 820W, and 851W respectively. The cost of designing and installing a solar power with the replaced appliances exhibits a significant reduction of 64.88%, 64.5% and 62.16% for the one, two and three rooms residential set up respectively. We conclude that an integrated demand management design approach is very useful in reducing the capital cost of residential solar systems.","PeriodicalId":7661,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Scientific and Industrial Research","volume":"29 1","pages":"21-26"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87508886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-02-01DOI: 10.5251/AJSIR.2012.3.1.39.46
N. Toure, A. Yao-Kouamé
The objective of this study was to analyze through the cultivation and phytosanitary methods, the sanitary quality of the agricultural produce coming from garden products among the most usually consumed in the valley of Nieki. A survey was carried out and 120 truck farmers were interviewed in a random way; along an East-West transept Azaguie-Attingue-Dabou, where a strong activity of truck farming is practiced. It related to education level, type of training, agricultural practices (use or not of chemical inputs), types of crop, source of pesticides and periods of their application. Samples of plants (coretes pot, okra, spinach and eggplant) were also collected on the three sites, conditioned in polyethylene bags and analyzed at the laboratory in order to seek pesticides residues, plasticizers and metals traces. The results of investigation revealed that the majority of vegetable producers have not a sufficient knowledge on the application of pesticides, allowing them an efficient use, guaranteeing the harmlessness of these products. The various analyses of plants show the presence of some metals traces (Cu, Zn, Cd and Pb), exceeding the tolerable thresholds as recommended by FAO. Also, pesticides residues (pyrethroids) and plasticizing (phthalate) were found in the leaves and fruits in contents definitely higher than the thresholds recommended by FAO for human consumption.
{"title":"Agricultural practices and content of non nutritional elements (metals traces, pesticides, and plasticizing) of truck farming in Niéki valley in the South-East of Côte d'Ivoire","authors":"N. Toure, A. Yao-Kouamé","doi":"10.5251/AJSIR.2012.3.1.39.46","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5251/AJSIR.2012.3.1.39.46","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this study was to analyze through the cultivation and phytosanitary methods, the sanitary quality of the agricultural produce coming from garden products among the most usually consumed in the valley of Nieki. A survey was carried out and 120 truck farmers were interviewed in a random way; along an East-West transept Azaguie-Attingue-Dabou, where a strong activity of truck farming is practiced. It related to education level, type of training, agricultural practices (use or not of chemical inputs), types of crop, source of pesticides and periods of their application. Samples of plants (coretes pot, okra, spinach and eggplant) were also collected on the three sites, conditioned in polyethylene bags and analyzed at the laboratory in order to seek pesticides residues, plasticizers and metals traces. The results of investigation revealed that the majority of vegetable producers have not a sufficient knowledge on the application of pesticides, allowing them an efficient use, guaranteeing the harmlessness of these products. The various analyses of plants show the presence of some metals traces (Cu, Zn, Cd and Pb), exceeding the tolerable thresholds as recommended by FAO. Also, pesticides residues (pyrethroids) and plasticizing (phthalate) were found in the leaves and fruits in contents definitely higher than the thresholds recommended by FAO for human consumption.","PeriodicalId":7661,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Scientific and Industrial Research","volume":"126 1","pages":"39-46"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81810842","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-02-01DOI: 10.5251/AJSIR.2012.3.1.14.20
V. Oladokun, A. Johnson
The poultry industry has a significant effect on national economy; it is a popular industry for the small holders with tremendous contribution to GDP and employment creation. Poultry feed cost represents over 70% of the total cost of egg and broiler production, consequently efficient feed formulation practice is required for a sustainable poultry industry. Many Nigerian poultry farmers, however, employ inefficient methods like rule of thumb, experiences, and intuition to handle feed formulation problem. The aim of this study was to develop an optimization feed formulation model, using locally available feed ingredients, for the Nigerian poultry industry. Relevant literature was consulted to gather information on the practices prevalent in the industry, nutrient contents and availability of feed ingredients and their prevalent market prices. The decision variables, objective function and problem constraints were defined and a mathematical model of the feed formulation problem was developed and parameterized using data from a typical commercial farm. Model solution and post-optimality analysis results were obtained and compared with existing practice of the case study farm. Thirteen (13) decision variables and fourteen (14) constraints were identified. The optimal solution of the linear programming model gives 9% reduction in feed formulation costs compared to the existing method on the farm. Post optimality analysis also gave useful insight into the impact of changes in costs of feed inputs. The model will be very useful in poultry farm management in Nigeria.
{"title":"Feed formulation problem in Nigerian poultry farms: a mathematical programming approach","authors":"V. Oladokun, A. Johnson","doi":"10.5251/AJSIR.2012.3.1.14.20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5251/AJSIR.2012.3.1.14.20","url":null,"abstract":"The poultry industry has a significant effect on national economy; it is a popular industry for the small holders with tremendous contribution to GDP and employment creation. Poultry feed cost represents over 70% of the total cost of egg and broiler production, consequently efficient feed formulation practice is required for a sustainable poultry industry. Many Nigerian poultry farmers, however, employ inefficient methods like rule of thumb, experiences, and intuition to handle feed formulation problem. The aim of this study was to develop an optimization feed formulation model, using locally available feed ingredients, for the Nigerian poultry industry. Relevant literature was consulted to gather information on the practices prevalent in the industry, nutrient contents and availability of feed ingredients and their prevalent market prices. The decision variables, objective function and problem constraints were defined and a mathematical model of the feed formulation problem was developed and parameterized using data from a typical commercial farm. Model solution and post-optimality analysis results were obtained and compared with existing practice of the case study farm. Thirteen (13) decision variables and fourteen (14) constraints were identified. The optimal solution of the linear programming model gives 9% reduction in feed formulation costs compared to the existing method on the farm. Post optimality analysis also gave useful insight into the impact of changes in costs of feed inputs. The model will be very useful in poultry farm management in Nigeria.","PeriodicalId":7661,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Scientific and Industrial Research","volume":"42 1","pages":"14-20"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78505959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-02-01DOI: 10.5251/AJSIR.2012.3.1.27.38
K. Sbihi, O. Cherifi, M. Bertrand
The present study reports the ability of the diatom Planothidium lanceolatum (Brebisson) LangeBertalot (P. lanceolatum) to remove hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)] from aqueous solutions in batch system under varying ranges of pH, contact time and initial ion concentrations by the determination Cr(VI) toxic effects and biosorption by this species. The results show a significant growth of P. lanceolatum for Cr concentrations up to 10 mg L -1 . The growth rate decreases as a function of increasing concentrations of Cr(VI). The cultures made with Tensift River water (Marrakech, Morocco) developed in the presence of Cr(VI) concentrations from 0 to 4 mg L -1 . But the culture with tannery effluent water grew with concentrations from 0 to 0.152 mg L -1 . The IC50 calculated is 8.7 mg L -1 for the artificial growth medium tested which is more than that calculated with river water (3.85 mg L -1 ) and tannery effluent water (0.075 mg L -1 ). The biosorption of Cr increases with the decrease of pH. The biosorption capacity calculated from the Langmuir isotherm was 93.45 mg Cr(VI).g diatoms -1 at an initial concentration of 0.4 g dried diatoms per liter with an initial Cr(VI) concentration of 20 mg L -1 . The wide ecological valence of this diatom to pollution parameters and the seasonal pattern of its life cycle are the main factors that make the biomonitoring of Cr(VI) by this species feasible.
本研究报道了在不同pH值、接触时间和初始离子浓度条件下，lanceolatum Planothidium lanceolatum (P. lanceolatum)对六价铬(Cr(VI))的去除能力，测定了该物种对Cr(VI)的毒性效应和生物吸附。结果表明，当Cr浓度达到10 mg L -1时，披针藻生长显著。随着Cr(VI)浓度的增加，生长速率降低。用Tensift河水(摩洛哥马拉喀什)制成的培养物在Cr(VI)浓度为0至4 mg L -1的情况下发育。但鞣革废水的培养浓度从0到0.152 mg L -1。人工培养基的IC50值为8.7 mg L -1，高于河水(3.85 mg L -1)和制革废水(0.075 mg L -1)。随着ph的降低，Cr的生物吸附量增加，Langmuir等温线计算出的生物吸附量为93.45 mg Cr(VI)。初始浓度为0.4 g干燥硅藻每升，初始Cr(VI)浓度为20 mg L -1。该硅藻对污染参数的广泛生态价和其生命周期的季节性模式是使其对Cr(VI)进行生物监测可行的主要因素。
{"title":"Toxicity and biosorption of chromium from aqueous solutions by the diatom Planothidium lanceolatum (Brébisson) Lange-Bertalot","authors":"K. Sbihi, O. Cherifi, M. Bertrand","doi":"10.5251/AJSIR.2012.3.1.27.38","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5251/AJSIR.2012.3.1.27.38","url":null,"abstract":"The present study reports the ability of the diatom Planothidium lanceolatum (Brebisson) LangeBertalot (P. lanceolatum) to remove hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)] from aqueous solutions in batch system under varying ranges of pH, contact time and initial ion concentrations by the determination Cr(VI) toxic effects and biosorption by this species. The results show a significant growth of P. lanceolatum for Cr concentrations up to 10 mg L -1 . The growth rate decreases as a function of increasing concentrations of Cr(VI). The cultures made with Tensift River water (Marrakech, Morocco) developed in the presence of Cr(VI) concentrations from 0 to 4 mg L -1 . But the culture with tannery effluent water grew with concentrations from 0 to 0.152 mg L -1 . The IC50 calculated is 8.7 mg L -1 for the artificial growth medium tested which is more than that calculated with river water (3.85 mg L -1 ) and tannery effluent water (0.075 mg L -1 ). The biosorption of Cr increases with the decrease of pH. The biosorption capacity calculated from the Langmuir isotherm was 93.45 mg Cr(VI).g diatoms -1 at an initial concentration of 0.4 g dried diatoms per liter with an initial Cr(VI) concentration of 20 mg L -1 . The wide ecological valence of this diatom to pollution parameters and the seasonal pattern of its life cycle are the main factors that make the biomonitoring of Cr(VI) by this species feasible.","PeriodicalId":7661,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Scientific and Industrial Research","volume":"88 1","pages":"27-38"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91350609","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-02-01DOI: 10.5251/AJSIR.2012.3.1.1.13
T. Odiaka, I. Adejoro
{"title":"Semi-empirical ( PM3) studies of novel Aminopyridino-1- 4-η- cyclohexa-1,3-diene iron tricarbonyl complexes","authors":"T. Odiaka, I. Adejoro","doi":"10.5251/AJSIR.2012.3.1.1.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5251/AJSIR.2012.3.1.1.13","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7661,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Scientific and Industrial Research","volume":"20 1","pages":"1-13"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83308830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-12-01DOI: 10.5251/AJSIR.2011.2.6.834.845
S. Adelana, T. Adeosun
This paper examines the environmental pollution and remediation of oil spillage in the Nigerian Coastal areas. Oil spillage is one of the greatest environmental problem Nigeria is currently battling with especially in the Niger Delta zone. Oil communities have been at the receiving end of this environmental problem. The problems has generated a lot of concern within of the three tiers of government especially in oil producing states. The coastal area of the Niger Delta is the home to oil explorations and exploitations in Nigeria. Oil spill incidents are common along the Nigeria. The main sources of oil spill on the Niger Delta are: vandalisation of the oil pipelines by the local inhabitants; ageing of the pipelines; oil blow outs from the flow stations; cleaning of oil tankers on the high sea and disposal of used oil into the drains by the road side mechanics. By far the most serious source of oil spill is through the vandalisation of pipelines either as a result of civil disaffection with the political process or as a criminal activity.The paper also delves into the evil of oil spillage facing the Nigeria environment. The Causes, Consequences, Geographic Information System for Managing Oil Spill Incidents and Control Mechanisms were articulated to ameliorate this problem and assist oil communities.
{"title":"Environmental pollution and remediation: challenges and management of oil Spillage in the Nigerian coastal areas","authors":"S. Adelana, T. Adeosun","doi":"10.5251/AJSIR.2011.2.6.834.845","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5251/AJSIR.2011.2.6.834.845","url":null,"abstract":"This paper examines the environmental pollution and remediation of oil spillage in the Nigerian Coastal areas. Oil spillage is one of the greatest environmental problem Nigeria is currently battling with especially in the Niger Delta zone. Oil communities have been at the receiving end of this environmental problem. The problems has generated a lot of concern within of the three tiers of government especially in oil producing states. The coastal area of the Niger Delta is the home to oil explorations and exploitations in Nigeria. Oil spill incidents are common along the Nigeria. The main sources of oil spill on the Niger Delta are: vandalisation of the oil pipelines by the local inhabitants; ageing of the pipelines; oil blow outs from the flow stations; cleaning of oil tankers on the high sea and disposal of used oil into the drains by the road side mechanics. By far the most serious source of oil spill is through the vandalisation of pipelines either as a result of civil disaffection with the political process or as a criminal activity.The paper also delves into the evil of oil spillage facing the Nigeria environment. The Causes, Consequences, Geographic Information System for Managing Oil Spill Incidents and Control Mechanisms were articulated to ameliorate this problem and assist oil communities.","PeriodicalId":7661,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Scientific and Industrial Research","volume":"18 1","pages":"834-845"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81942343","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-12-01DOI: 10.5251/AJSIR.2011.2.6.877.882
N. Boadi, S. Twumasi
The concentrations of Pb, Zn, Fe, Cd, Mn and Hg in 46 canned fish samples of nine different brands purchased within Kumasi in the Ashanti Region of Ghana were determined using the Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer for Pb, Zn, Fe, Cd and Mn and direct mercury analyzer (DMA) for Hg. The ranges obtained for the elements analyzed in μg/g (wet weight) are as follows: Pb (0.058 0.168), Zn (0.010 0.370), Hg (0.088 0.410), Mn (0.001 0.057), Fe(0.990 32.607) and Cd, below detection limit in all the samples. The fish samples had Hg levels below the European dietary limit of 0.5 μg/g. Zinc levels were generally below the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) recommended limit of 40 μg/g. The concentration of lead in the canned fish was also below the MAFF guidelines of 2.0 μg/g. Also, based on the United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA) health criteria for carcinogens, there are no health risks associated with Pb concentrations in canned fishes analyzed. The result of the one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) conducted on the data suggested no significant variations (P>0:05) in the concentrations of the metals in the same brands of canned fishes.
{"title":"Heavy metal contamination in canned fish marketed in Ghana","authors":"N. Boadi, S. Twumasi","doi":"10.5251/AJSIR.2011.2.6.877.882","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5251/AJSIR.2011.2.6.877.882","url":null,"abstract":"The concentrations of Pb, Zn, Fe, Cd, Mn and Hg in 46 canned fish samples of nine different brands purchased within Kumasi in the Ashanti Region of Ghana were determined using the Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer for Pb, Zn, Fe, Cd and Mn and direct mercury analyzer (DMA) for Hg. The ranges obtained for the elements analyzed in μg/g (wet weight) are as follows: Pb (0.058 0.168), Zn (0.010 0.370), Hg (0.088 0.410), Mn (0.001 0.057), Fe(0.990 32.607) and Cd, below detection limit in all the samples. The fish samples had Hg levels below the European dietary limit of 0.5 μg/g. Zinc levels were generally below the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) recommended limit of 40 μg/g. The concentration of lead in the canned fish was also below the MAFF guidelines of 2.0 μg/g. Also, based on the United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA) health criteria for carcinogens, there are no health risks associated with Pb concentrations in canned fishes analyzed. The result of the one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) conducted on the data suggested no significant variations (P>0:05) in the concentrations of the metals in the same brands of canned fishes.","PeriodicalId":7661,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Scientific and Industrial Research","volume":"9 1","pages":"877-882"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90806632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-12-01DOI: 10.5251/AJSIR.2011.2.6.865.870
N. Akpan, E. Etuk
In this paper we present a knapsack problem whose weight parameter is a mixture of two known distributions (Exponential and Gamma). This problem gives room for the overflowed items which perhaps will help in minimizing the penalty due to the loss of goodwill. An algebraic model is proposed for solving the problem. The behaviors of the mixture of these two distributions are also presented graphically.
{"title":"A knapsack problem with mixed distributional weight","authors":"N. Akpan, E. Etuk","doi":"10.5251/AJSIR.2011.2.6.865.870","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5251/AJSIR.2011.2.6.865.870","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper we present a knapsack problem whose weight parameter is a mixture of two known distributions (Exponential and Gamma). This problem gives room for the overflowed items which perhaps will help in minimizing the penalty due to the loss of goodwill. An algebraic model is proposed for solving the problem. The behaviors of the mixture of these two distributions are also presented graphically.","PeriodicalId":7661,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Scientific and Industrial Research","volume":"359 1","pages":"865-870"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76383028","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-12-01DOI: 10.5251/AJSIR.2011.2.6.883.889
J. A. Adegun, J. Adegboyega
The aim of this study was to investigate the knowledge and the preventive strategies of malaria among migrant farmers in Ado-Ekiti Local Government Area of Ekiti State, Nigeria. The study was a descriptive design of the survey type. The structured questionnaire used for this study was adapted from Matta, Khokhar and Sachdev (2004). The instrument with detailed information on knowledge of malaria disease, the preventive strategies and practice of the preventing strategies was used to elicit information from the participants. Five (5) farm settlements were randomly selected from the existing twenty five (25) locations in Ado Ekiti Local Government Area and a total of sixty respondents were randomly selected from each farm settlement giving a total of 300 migrant farmers that were used for the study. The research instrument was administered to the participants by the researchers and trained research assistants who also helped in the interpretation of the items in the instrument in the local languages for those who did not understand English Language. Three hundred (300) questionnaires were administered and same were retrieved, collated and analyzed giving a 100% returned rate. Both descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze the data. The descriptive analyses included frequency counts while t test and Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) were used to test hypotheses at 0.05 level of significance. The study revealed that the participants had adequate knowledge of malaria related issues and the preventive strategies. The knowledge of preventive strategies was significantly related with the practices of the preventive strategies among the migrant farmers. It was thus recommended that health education and sensitization programmes should be intensified to create more awareness on malaria prevention so that the populace will improve on their practices of malaria preventive strategies.
{"title":"Knowledge and the preventive strategies of Malaria among Migrant Farmers in Ado-Ekiti Local Government Area of Ekiti State, Nigeria","authors":"J. A. Adegun, J. Adegboyega","doi":"10.5251/AJSIR.2011.2.6.883.889","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5251/AJSIR.2011.2.6.883.889","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this study was to investigate the knowledge and the preventive strategies of malaria among migrant farmers in Ado-Ekiti Local Government Area of Ekiti State, Nigeria. The study was a descriptive design of the survey type. The structured questionnaire used for this study was adapted from Matta, Khokhar and Sachdev (2004). The instrument with detailed information on knowledge of malaria disease, the preventive strategies and practice of the preventing strategies was used to elicit information from the participants. Five (5) farm settlements were randomly selected from the existing twenty five (25) locations in Ado Ekiti Local Government Area and a total of sixty respondents were randomly selected from each farm settlement giving a total of 300 migrant farmers that were used for the study. The research instrument was administered to the participants by the researchers and trained research assistants who also helped in the interpretation of the items in the instrument in the local languages for those who did not understand English Language. Three hundred (300) questionnaires were administered and same were retrieved, collated and analyzed giving a 100% returned rate. Both descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze the data. The descriptive analyses included frequency counts while t test and Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) were used to test hypotheses at 0.05 level of significance. The study revealed that the participants had adequate knowledge of malaria related issues and the preventive strategies. The knowledge of preventive strategies was significantly related with the practices of the preventive strategies among the migrant farmers. It was thus recommended that health education and sensitization programmes should be intensified to create more awareness on malaria prevention so that the populace will improve on their practices of malaria preventive strategies.","PeriodicalId":7661,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Scientific and Industrial Research","volume":"40 1","pages":"883-889"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88254791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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