Pub Date : 2012-10-01DOI: 10.5251/AJSIR.2012.3.5.331.344
Khairiyah Hasun, Saad Alnuimi
This paper deals with generating a new probability distribution using entropy like transformation which is considered as useful model to represent the data of time to failure where there is a depression in the times when failure happens, in machines and equipment of production line. Then new generalized function , is a family of Raylieh distribution with two parameters, shifting parameters and scale parameters. The paper includes many methods of estimation like maximum likelihood and Bayesian according to proposed prior which is theminimax estimator and semi minimax, the comparison is done through simulation experiment, also the efficiency of estimator's were compared .
{"title":"Estimating parameters of new proposed probability distribution and comparing efficiency of estimators","authors":"Khairiyah Hasun, Saad Alnuimi","doi":"10.5251/AJSIR.2012.3.5.331.344","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5251/AJSIR.2012.3.5.331.344","url":null,"abstract":"This paper deals with generating a new probability distribution using entropy like transformation which is considered as useful model to represent the data of time to failure where there is a depression in the times when failure happens, in machines and equipment of production line. Then new generalized function , is a family of Raylieh distribution with two parameters, shifting parameters and scale parameters. The paper includes many methods of estimation like maximum likelihood and Bayesian according to proposed prior which is theminimax estimator and semi minimax, the comparison is done through simulation experiment, also the efficiency of estimator's were compared .","PeriodicalId":7661,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Scientific and Industrial Research","volume":"89 1","pages":"331-344"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83400625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-10-01DOI: 10.5251/AJSIR.2012.3.5.252.262
G. Alaminiokuma, J. Amonieah
Near-surface structural model was geostatistically developed from a sample density of 36 Uphole/LVL survey points to determine the properties of the weathering layer geological materials. Results from the generated Isopachs and Isovels show a dominant 2-weathered layer model with 1-weathered layer model in only five locations, mainly along the escarpment. The average thickness of the weathering layer to the first refractor consolidated layer is 18.84 m with an average velocity of 1791.40 ms -1 . Weathering thicknesses ranged from 1.3 to 4.7 m, subweathering thicknesses from 11.4 to 35.7 m; weathering velocities from 119 to 941 ms -1 ; subweathering velocities from 425 to 1665 ms -1 and consolidated layer velocities from 1610 to 2208 ms -1 . Proper application of these results will prove very useful and reliable for the enhancement of optimization processes during stages of seismic data processing and serve as baseline data for future 4D seismic data acquisition for accurate mapping of the deep underlying structures for oil and gas exploration in the North-Central part of the Niger Delta.
利用36个Uphole/LVL测点的样本密度，建立近地表构造模型，确定风化层地质物质的性质。生成的等等线和等等线结果显示，2风化层模式占主导地位，1风化层模式仅在5个位置占主导地位，主要沿着陡坡。风化层至第一折射固结层的平均厚度为18.84 m，平均速度为1791.40 ms -1。风化厚度为1.3 ~ 4.7 m，亚风化厚度为11.4 ~ 35.7 m;风化速度为119 ~ 941 ms -1;亚风化速度为425 ~ 1665 ms -1，固结层速度为1610 ~ 2208 ms -1。这些结果的正确应用将被证明是非常有用和可靠的，可以在地震数据处理阶段加强优化过程，并作为未来四维地震数据采集的基线数据，为尼日尔三角洲中北部的油气勘探提供准确的深层下伏结构测绘。
{"title":"Near-surface structural model for enhanced seismic data acquisition and processing in North-Central Niger Delta","authors":"G. Alaminiokuma, J. Amonieah","doi":"10.5251/AJSIR.2012.3.5.252.262","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5251/AJSIR.2012.3.5.252.262","url":null,"abstract":"Near-surface structural model was geostatistically developed from a sample density of 36 Uphole/LVL survey points to determine the properties of the weathering layer geological materials. Results from the generated Isopachs and Isovels show a dominant 2-weathered layer model with 1-weathered layer model in only five locations, mainly along the escarpment. The average thickness of the weathering layer to the first refractor consolidated layer is 18.84 m with an average velocity of 1791.40 ms -1 . Weathering thicknesses ranged from 1.3 to 4.7 m, subweathering thicknesses from 11.4 to 35.7 m; weathering velocities from 119 to 941 ms -1 ; subweathering velocities from 425 to 1665 ms -1 and consolidated layer velocities from 1610 to 2208 ms -1 . Proper application of these results will prove very useful and reliable for the enhancement of optimization processes during stages of seismic data processing and serve as baseline data for future 4D seismic data acquisition for accurate mapping of the deep underlying structures for oil and gas exploration in the North-Central part of the Niger Delta.","PeriodicalId":7661,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Scientific and Industrial Research","volume":"35 1","pages":"252-262"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80810070","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-10-01DOI: 10.5251/AJSIR.2012.3.5.305.314
Yasmina Bouroubi Ouadfel, M. Djebbar
In the North-East Algeria, in the zone of diapirs, the previous hydrogeologic study of the region of Souk-Ahras Taoura had identified the multilayer aquifer system of Miocene sandstones and carbonates of lower and upper Cretaceous. The formations are generally dominated by carbonate intercalated with marl, highly fractured and folded (NE-SW), in parallel to the direction of the structures outcrops the Triassic diapiric. The thermal carbonated aquifer updates of the Neogene-quaternary of highly mineralized springs with low discharge (Hammam Tassa, Ain El Damssa); the fissural aquifer and the maastrichtian and campanian aquifers, widely exploited for the drinking water and the irrigation, contain an important potential in water. For a better understanding of the functioning of the aquifer system, it seemed necessary to characterize him by geochemical tracers of carbonates and evaporates. The geochemical data of waters of sources and main drillings showed, on one hand that thermal waters circulated rather profoundly by washing the Triassic evaporitic, and on the other hand which the fracturing in distension allowed waters to drain simultaneously aquifers. Thus, waters appearing to springs would be a mixture, in variable proportions, between the different types of water flowing in this hydrothermal karst system.
在阿尔及利亚东北部的底辟斯带，先前对Souk-Ahras Taoura地区的水文地质研究已经确定了中新世砂岩和上白垩纪碳酸盐的多层含水层系统。地层以泥灰岩夹层的碳酸盐岩为主，高度断裂褶皱(NE-SW)，与三叠纪底辟构造出露方向平行。新近系—第四纪低流量高矿化泉水的热碳酸化含水层更新(Hammam Tassa, Ain El Damssa)裂隙含水层、马斯特里赫特含水层和坎帕尼亚含水层具有重要的水资源潜力，广泛用于饮用水和灌溉。为了更好地了解含水层系统的功能，似乎有必要用碳酸盐和蒸发物的地球化学示踪剂来描述他的特征。水源水和主要钻井的地球化学资料表明，一方面热液通过冲刷三叠纪蒸发液而进行了较深的循环，另一方面压裂扩张使水同时排干了含水层。因此，出现在泉水中的水可能是在热液岩溶系统中流动的不同类型的水之间以不同的比例混合而成。
{"title":"Characterization of Taoura’s multilayers system by the geochemical tracers of carbonates and the evaporites (oriental extreme Algeria)","authors":"Yasmina Bouroubi Ouadfel, M. Djebbar","doi":"10.5251/AJSIR.2012.3.5.305.314","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5251/AJSIR.2012.3.5.305.314","url":null,"abstract":"In the North-East Algeria, in the zone of diapirs, the previous hydrogeologic study of the region of Souk-Ahras Taoura had identified the multilayer aquifer system of Miocene sandstones and carbonates of lower and upper Cretaceous. The formations are generally dominated by carbonate intercalated with marl, highly fractured and folded (NE-SW), in parallel to the direction of the structures outcrops the Triassic diapiric. The thermal carbonated aquifer updates of the Neogene-quaternary of highly mineralized springs with low discharge (Hammam Tassa, Ain El Damssa); the fissural aquifer and the maastrichtian and campanian aquifers, widely exploited for the drinking water and the irrigation, contain an important potential in water. For a better understanding of the functioning of the aquifer system, it seemed necessary to characterize him by geochemical tracers of carbonates and evaporates. The geochemical data of waters of sources and main drillings showed, on one hand that thermal waters circulated rather profoundly by washing the Triassic evaporitic, and on the other hand which the fracturing in distension allowed waters to drain simultaneously aquifers. Thus, waters appearing to springs would be a mixture, in variable proportions, between the different types of water flowing in this hydrothermal karst system.","PeriodicalId":7661,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Scientific and Industrial Research","volume":"33 1","pages":"305-314"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84267468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-10-01DOI: 10.5251/AJSIR.2012.3.5.292.299
C. Andam, W. Obeng-Denteh
The purpose of the study was to analyze “giving” among the members of the Deduako-Kodiekrom Society of the Methodist Church using mathematical tools in the analysis.Deduako-Kodiekrom is a community in the Ashanti Region of Ghana and is well endowed. Farming is part of the life of the people of the community and an appreciable number of them are teachers, doctors, businessmen and woman, lawyers, pastors, traders and a host of others. The analysis was based on data obtained from the church being the amounts given by members of the church in the last five Appeal-for-Funds held by the Church in the Church. Upon analysis, it was found out that there is a high level of giving in the church. At any of the appeal-for-funds held, the average amount given by each individual in the Church ranges between 7.10 GHC and 10.80 GHC which is good. The people are really generous in terms of giving to the Church in the Community. The study contributes to the literature by providing data-based evidence documenting the extent to which the importance of giving held in the church have really gone down well with them.
{"title":"The Impact of Deduako Community on Giving in the Church: A Mathematical Analysis","authors":"C. Andam, W. Obeng-Denteh","doi":"10.5251/AJSIR.2012.3.5.292.299","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5251/AJSIR.2012.3.5.292.299","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of the study was to analyze “giving” among the members of the Deduako-Kodiekrom Society of the Methodist Church using mathematical tools in the analysis.Deduako-Kodiekrom is a community in the Ashanti Region of Ghana and is well endowed. Farming is part of the life of the people of the community and an appreciable number of them are teachers, doctors, businessmen and woman, lawyers, pastors, traders and a host of others. The analysis was based on data obtained from the church being the amounts given by members of the church in the last five Appeal-for-Funds held by the Church in the Church. Upon analysis, it was found out that there is a high level of giving in the church. At any of the appeal-for-funds held, the average amount given by each individual in the Church ranges between 7.10 GHC and 10.80 GHC which is good. The people are really generous in terms of giving to the Church in the Community. The study contributes to the literature by providing data-based evidence documenting the extent to which the importance of giving held in the church have really gone down well with them.","PeriodicalId":7661,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Scientific and Industrial Research","volume":"62 1","pages":"292-299"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89204210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-10-01DOI: 10.5251/AJSIR.2012.3.5.270.276
M. Oseni, D. Gundu
Tribometric evaluation of rubber (Hevea brasiliences) seed oil lubricant in upset forging was carried out. Upset forging was simulated with ring compression tests using Plasticine as model material and the rubber and reference oil samples as lubricant. The oils were applied to various die/ring surface combinations as they were compressed in the California Bearing Ratio (CBR) machine. Results show that friction factors for rubber seed oil ranging from μ=0.20 to μ = 0.577 compare favorably with the values for reference mineral base oil (0.29-0.42). Friction factors obtained from ring compression tests for the rubber seed oil are within the range of natural oil lubricants (groundnut oil; 0.072-0.5, palm oil;. 0.3, palm kernel oil; 0.084 and sheanut oil; 0.092). Rubber seed oil can therefore be used as a substitute for mineral base oils that are currently in use as lubricants in upset forging. Industrial organizations will derive immense benefit from this source of environment friendly, biodegradable and low toxicity oil lubricant.
{"title":"Tribometric evaluation of rubber seed oil lubricant in upset forging","authors":"M. Oseni, D. Gundu","doi":"10.5251/AJSIR.2012.3.5.270.276","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5251/AJSIR.2012.3.5.270.276","url":null,"abstract":"Tribometric evaluation of rubber (Hevea brasiliences) seed oil lubricant in upset forging was carried out. Upset forging was simulated with ring compression tests using Plasticine as model material and the rubber and reference oil samples as lubricant. The oils were applied to various die/ring surface combinations as they were compressed in the California Bearing Ratio (CBR) machine. Results show that friction factors for rubber seed oil ranging from μ=0.20 to μ = 0.577 compare favorably with the values for reference mineral base oil (0.29-0.42). Friction factors obtained from ring compression tests for the rubber seed oil are within the range of natural oil lubricants (groundnut oil; 0.072-0.5, palm oil;. 0.3, palm kernel oil; 0.084 and sheanut oil; 0.092). Rubber seed oil can therefore be used as a substitute for mineral base oils that are currently in use as lubricants in upset forging. Industrial organizations will derive immense benefit from this source of environment friendly, biodegradable and low toxicity oil lubricant.","PeriodicalId":7661,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Scientific and Industrial Research","volume":"56 1","pages":"270-276"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90698425","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-10-01DOI: 10.5251/AJSIR.2012.3.5.315.330
T. Lasm, M. Youan
This study is performed in the Bondoukou area located in north-eastern Cote d’Ivoire. The aim of this study was to improve the assessment of transmissivity of the highly fractured aquifers of Bondoukou area using kriging techniques. A previous estimation of the transmissivity was conducted with aquifer transmissivity of crystalline rocks (n = 62). These transmissivities were later supplemented by 78 samples of aquifer transmissivity of metamorphic rocks. The results of this study were compared with those obtained in crystalline rock aquifers. In both cases, the variogram exhibits a large nugget effect representing respectively 63 and 70% of total dispersion. The nugget effect of this study is less important than the previous study. The range is equal to 12 km and is larger than that obtained in the previous study. The structuring of the variogram is enhanced when we consider the aquifer transmissivity of metamorphic rocks. Transmissivity estimated in both studies varies between 4.00E-06 and 1.72 E-06 E-05 m 2 .s -1 and between 3.86 E-06 and 1.84 E-05 m 2 .s -1 respectively in the previous study and in this study. In both cases, the observed and estimated transmissivities values are comparable and are spread over two orders of magnitude. Kriging maps showed that the estimation of transmissivity in Bondoukou area is better in this study. The results obtained in this study are interesting because they showed improved estimate of the transmisssivity in the Bondoukou area. Key-words: crystalline basement, fractured aquifers, Bondoukou, transmissivity, variogram, kriging.
{"title":"Improvement of aquifer transmissivity assessment in crystalline and metamorphic fractured rocks in Bondoukou area, North-Eastern Côte d’Ivoire","authors":"T. Lasm, M. Youan","doi":"10.5251/AJSIR.2012.3.5.315.330","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5251/AJSIR.2012.3.5.315.330","url":null,"abstract":"This study is performed in the Bondoukou area located in north-eastern Cote d’Ivoire. The aim of this study was to improve the assessment of transmissivity of the highly fractured aquifers of Bondoukou area using kriging techniques. A previous estimation of the transmissivity was conducted with aquifer transmissivity of crystalline rocks (n = 62). These transmissivities were later supplemented by 78 samples of aquifer transmissivity of metamorphic rocks. The results of this study were compared with those obtained in crystalline rock aquifers. In both cases, the variogram exhibits a large nugget effect representing respectively 63 and 70% of total dispersion. The nugget effect of this study is less important than the previous study. The range is equal to 12 km and is larger than that obtained in the previous study. The structuring of the variogram is enhanced when we consider the aquifer transmissivity of metamorphic rocks. Transmissivity estimated in both studies varies between 4.00E-06 and 1.72 E-06 E-05 m 2 .s -1 and between 3.86 E-06 and 1.84 E-05 m 2 .s -1 respectively in the previous study and in this study. In both cases, the observed and estimated transmissivities values are comparable and are spread over two orders of magnitude. Kriging maps showed that the estimation of transmissivity in Bondoukou area is better in this study. The results obtained in this study are interesting because they showed improved estimate of the transmisssivity in the Bondoukou area. Key-words: crystalline basement, fractured aquifers, Bondoukou, transmissivity, variogram, kriging.","PeriodicalId":7661,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Scientific and Industrial Research","volume":"32 1","pages":"315-330"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85446065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-08-01DOI: 10.5251/AJSIR.2012.3.4.203.207
A. Falohun, E. Omidiora
This paper presents a design and implementation of a biometrically-controlled door system using iris recognition with power backup(case: Nigeria with epileptic power supply) where user's life property will serve as the key to granting access to a place or resource . Today, door system with handles is sub-standard due to its instability to provide the expected security and is susceptible to breakages and deliberate compromises of human operators(due to corruption). Black iris data sets were used to simulate the iris recognition algorithms employed on the fabricated door prototype. The system was tested with a number of pre-enrolled templates and some fresh, incoming subjects. The door only unlocked for pre-enrolled subjects while for the latter, access denial was the case. The door system developed thus, answered only to iris signature.
{"title":"Development of a biometrically- controlled door system (using iris), with power backup","authors":"A. Falohun, E. Omidiora","doi":"10.5251/AJSIR.2012.3.4.203.207","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5251/AJSIR.2012.3.4.203.207","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a design and implementation of a biometrically-controlled door system using iris recognition with power backup(case: Nigeria with epileptic power supply) where user's life property will serve as the key to granting access to a place or resource . Today, door system with handles is sub-standard due to its instability to provide the expected security and is susceptible to breakages and deliberate compromises of human operators(due to corruption). Black iris data sets were used to simulate the iris recognition algorithms employed on the fabricated door prototype. The system was tested with a number of pre-enrolled templates and some fresh, incoming subjects. The door only unlocked for pre-enrolled subjects while for the latter, access denial was the case. The door system developed thus, answered only to iris signature.","PeriodicalId":7661,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Scientific and Industrial Research","volume":"79 1","pages":"203-207"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84127773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-08-01DOI: 10.5251/AJSIR.2012.3.4.226.230
Adamu Wakili, Y. Haruna
This paper critically examines parametric linear programming problem (PLPP) with interval in the coefficients of the objective function and the composition of Plus, Beauty and Nova soap. The finding of soap production in NASCO Company in Jos, Nigeria will be studied and the problem formulated. The formulated problem is tested using the developed computer program by varying the parameter at regular interval and obtaining the corresponding values of the objective function. The interpretation of the results will be analysized.
{"title":"Computation of soap production using a developed parametric linear programming algorithm","authors":"Adamu Wakili, Y. Haruna","doi":"10.5251/AJSIR.2012.3.4.226.230","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5251/AJSIR.2012.3.4.226.230","url":null,"abstract":"This paper critically examines parametric linear programming problem (PLPP) with interval in the coefficients of the objective function and the composition of Plus, Beauty and Nova soap. The finding of soap production in NASCO Company in Jos, Nigeria will be studied and the problem formulated. The formulated problem is tested using the developed computer program by varying the parameter at regular interval and obtaining the corresponding values of the objective function. The interpretation of the results will be analysized.","PeriodicalId":7661,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Scientific and Industrial Research","volume":"105 1","pages":"226-230"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86780469","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-08-01DOI: 10.5251/AJSIR.2012.3.4.208.220
K. Yao, O. Fouché
The survey area is located south-west of Côte d'Ivoire in Precambrian metamorphic and plutonic zone. To highlight the network of kilometer-scale fractures in the base, remote sensing techniques were used. The map of lineaments obtained after processing of satellite images discretized the study area into blocks aquifers. This is a new approach in the study of the circulation of groundwater in hard-rock which allows going from a regional view to a local scale. The blocks were delimited by opened or clogged fractures that can have a conducting or watertight function, even a capacitor role. Statistical and fractal analyses of the geometric block parameters showed that those ones revealed the connectivity degree and the importance of the small fractures (fissured layer) in groundwater flow in hard-rock. This report is confirmed by high yields observed in the small blocks.
{"title":"A new concept for hard rock aquifers survey and management: individual blocks approach","authors":"K. Yao, O. Fouché","doi":"10.5251/AJSIR.2012.3.4.208.220","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5251/AJSIR.2012.3.4.208.220","url":null,"abstract":"The survey area is located south-west of Côte d'Ivoire in Precambrian metamorphic and plutonic zone. To highlight the network of kilometer-scale fractures in the base, remote sensing techniques were used. The map of lineaments obtained after processing of satellite images discretized the study area into blocks aquifers. This is a new approach in the study of the circulation of groundwater in hard-rock which allows going from a regional view to a local scale. The blocks were delimited by opened or clogged fractures that can have a conducting or watertight function, even a capacitor role. Statistical and fractal analyses of the geometric block parameters showed that those ones revealed the connectivity degree and the importance of the small fractures (fissured layer) in groundwater flow in hard-rock. This report is confirmed by high yields observed in the small blocks.","PeriodicalId":7661,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Scientific and Industrial Research","volume":"119 3 1","pages":"208-220"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83424243","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-08-01DOI: 10.5251/AJSIR.2012.3.4.241.251
P. Nyarko
In this paper, we investigate the effect of heat load on the fluid friction factor for laminar flow of a 2D axisymmetric straight corrugated pipe. Some clever assumptions are made on the NavierStokes equations to derive analytic expressions for computing the friction factor for the flow in terms of average velocity, density of the fluid, pressure drop and Reynolds number. The coupled momentum and energy equations are solved numerically and the effect of the heat load on the friction factor and hence the computed head loss in corrugated pipes/hoses analyzed. A new geometry is introduced for computing quasi-periodicity in pipes whose corrugations are periodically positioned. This has a positive effect of reducing instabilities in the solution and shows interesting features of the periodic pressure profile. Computational time and CPU memory have been drastically reduced as a result of simulating only one period as a true representation of an infinitely long pipe in which the flow is fully developed. We show that the heat load reduces the friction factor in corrugated pipes, this presupposes that pump requirements in the tropics are different from temperate regions for the same work done. The Moody Diagram shows a plot of the friction factor and Reynolds number at different corrugation heights without the effect of varying heat load. In this paper we show a diagram of the friction factor and Reynolds numbers at varying inlet and wall temperatures at a constant corrugation height. Furthermore we show that when flow is fully developed, periodizing the temperature on the boundary does not affect the flow.
{"title":"Heat Load and its Effects on Fluid Friction Factor in Corrugated Pipes","authors":"P. Nyarko","doi":"10.5251/AJSIR.2012.3.4.241.251","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5251/AJSIR.2012.3.4.241.251","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we investigate the effect of heat load on the fluid friction factor for laminar flow of a 2D axisymmetric straight corrugated pipe. Some clever assumptions are made on the NavierStokes equations to derive analytic expressions for computing the friction factor for the flow in terms of average velocity, density of the fluid, pressure drop and Reynolds number. The coupled momentum and energy equations are solved numerically and the effect of the heat load on the friction factor and hence the computed head loss in corrugated pipes/hoses analyzed. A new geometry is introduced for computing quasi-periodicity in pipes whose corrugations are periodically positioned. This has a positive effect of reducing instabilities in the solution and shows interesting features of the periodic pressure profile. Computational time and CPU memory have been drastically reduced as a result of simulating only one period as a true representation of an infinitely long pipe in which the flow is fully developed. We show that the heat load reduces the friction factor in corrugated pipes, this presupposes that pump requirements in the tropics are different from temperate regions for the same work done. The Moody Diagram shows a plot of the friction factor and Reynolds number at different corrugation heights without the effect of varying heat load. In this paper we show a diagram of the friction factor and Reynolds numbers at varying inlet and wall temperatures at a constant corrugation height. Furthermore we show that when flow is fully developed, periodizing the temperature on the boundary does not affect the flow.","PeriodicalId":7661,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Scientific and Industrial Research","volume":"46 1","pages":"241-251"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82225569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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