Pub Date : 2013-06-01DOI: 10.5251/AJSIR.2013.4.3.294.305
K. Dagde, Y. Puyate
Predictive models for process parameters during regeneration of spent catalyst in an industrial fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) unit are presented. The models adopt a twophase theory where the dense region of the regenerator is divided into a bubble-phase and an emulsion-phase. The bubble-phase is modelled as a plug flow reactor, while the emulsion-phase is modelled as a continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR). Profiles for regenerator-temperature, quantity of coke burnt, and flue gas composition, at different operating conditions are also presented. Model-predictions are compared with plant data and good agreement is obtained. Simulation results indicate that inlet-air velocity and catalyst-bed height have significant influence on the performance of the rege nerator. The model-estimated optimum operating conditions of the regenerator are regeneratortemperature of about 1000 K, inlet-air velocity of about 13.5 m/s, and catalyst-bed height of 13 m.
{"title":"Modelling catalyst regeneration in an industrial FCC unit","authors":"K. Dagde, Y. Puyate","doi":"10.5251/AJSIR.2013.4.3.294.305","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5251/AJSIR.2013.4.3.294.305","url":null,"abstract":"Predictive models for process parameters during regeneration of spent catalyst in an industrial fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) unit are presented. The models adopt a twophase theory where the dense region of the regenerator is divided into a bubble-phase and an emulsion-phase. The bubble-phase is modelled as a plug flow reactor, while the emulsion-phase is modelled as a continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR). Profiles for regenerator-temperature, quantity of coke burnt, and flue gas composition, at different operating conditions are also presented. Model-predictions are compared with plant data and good agreement is obtained. Simulation results indicate that inlet-air velocity and catalyst-bed height have significant influence on the performance of the rege nerator. The model-estimated optimum operating conditions of the regenerator are regeneratortemperature of about 1000 K, inlet-air velocity of about 13.5 m/s, and catalyst-bed height of 13 m.","PeriodicalId":7661,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Scientific and Industrial Research","volume":"17 1","pages":"294-305"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75729375","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-06-01DOI: 10.5251/AJSIR.2013.4.3.272.276
E. Uko, C. L. Eze, G. Alaminiokuma
The Kirchoff and Finite-Difference migrations were carried out on seismic data from the western part of the Niger Delta of Nigeria. The survey for the acquisition of the data was oriented southwest-north-east, at an angle of 45.4490 o . The KIRCH and FXMIG seismic migration programs were used to process and display the seismic sections. The sections were interpreted for diffractions, faults, and structures. It was observed that the dipping structures were incorrectly positioned downdip from the true reflection point. Prior to migration, the dipping structures were steeper and longer. For both Kirchoff and Finite-Difference migrations, there was proper imaging of the dipping structures. The structures were accurately moved updip and diffractions collapsed. The faulting pattern is a growth fault system as is generally the case in the Niger Delta basin. The reflectors became shorter, anticlines more clearly defined, and reflection events terminating at fault planes. Finite-Difference migration is preferred because it is faster, handles velocity variation and noise better, and events appearance is sufficiently distinctive for the interpreter to find traps, seals and reservoirs.
{"title":"Comparison of seismic processing and interpretation tradeoffs between Kirchoff and finite-difference migrations, using poststack migrated data in the west Niger Delta, Nigeria","authors":"E. Uko, C. L. Eze, G. Alaminiokuma","doi":"10.5251/AJSIR.2013.4.3.272.276","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5251/AJSIR.2013.4.3.272.276","url":null,"abstract":"The Kirchoff and Finite-Difference migrations were carried out on seismic data from the western part of the Niger Delta of Nigeria. The survey for the acquisition of the data was oriented southwest-north-east, at an angle of 45.4490 o . The KIRCH and FXMIG seismic migration programs were used to process and display the seismic sections. The sections were interpreted for diffractions, faults, and structures. It was observed that the dipping structures were incorrectly positioned downdip from the true reflection point. Prior to migration, the dipping structures were steeper and longer. For both Kirchoff and Finite-Difference migrations, there was proper imaging of the dipping structures. The structures were accurately moved updip and diffractions collapsed. The faulting pattern is a growth fault system as is generally the case in the Niger Delta basin. The reflectors became shorter, anticlines more clearly defined, and reflection events terminating at fault planes. Finite-Difference migration is preferred because it is faster, handles velocity variation and noise better, and events appearance is sufficiently distinctive for the interpreter to find traps, seals and reservoirs.","PeriodicalId":7661,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Scientific and Industrial Research","volume":"32 1","pages":"272-276"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82707616","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-06-01DOI: 10.5251/AJSIR.2013.4.3.257.260
O. Halid
Agriculture had been the main-stay of Nigerian economy before the ‘oil-boom’. Upon the discovery of oil, lesser attention has been given to the agricultural sector. As a result, this paper considered the production of certain important food crops which are highly cultivated by various states of the federation over a period of 1994/95-2005/06. The data layout is identical to that of the RCBD so that ANOVA technique was used to check variability in production and farm gate price for different states and harvesting seasons. A post mortem analytic technique namely the DMRT was also used to check for particular significance.
{"title":"On Nigerian agricultural survey: Production and consumption pattern( 1994/95 - 2005/06 )","authors":"O. Halid","doi":"10.5251/AJSIR.2013.4.3.257.260","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5251/AJSIR.2013.4.3.257.260","url":null,"abstract":"Agriculture had been the main-stay of Nigerian economy before the ‘oil-boom’. Upon the discovery of oil, lesser attention has been given to the agricultural sector. As a result, this paper considered the production of certain important food crops which are highly cultivated by various states of the federation over a period of 1994/95-2005/06. The data layout is identical to that of the RCBD so that ANOVA technique was used to check variability in production and farm gate price for different states and harvesting seasons. A post mortem analytic technique namely the DMRT was also used to check for particular significance.","PeriodicalId":7661,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Scientific and Industrial Research","volume":"1 1","pages":"257-260"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89534486","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-06-01DOI: 10.5251/AJSIR.2013.4.3.277.284
A. Obayomi, B. Olabode
This paper proposed a new family of Non-standard finite difference schemes for the Logistic equations. The technique of non-local approximation and renormalization of the denominator function was employed. The new schemes were found to possess desirable stability properties and also preserve all the monotonic properties of the logistic equations.
{"title":"A New Family of Non-Standard Finite Difference Schemes for the Logistic Equations","authors":"A. Obayomi, B. Olabode","doi":"10.5251/AJSIR.2013.4.3.277.284","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5251/AJSIR.2013.4.3.277.284","url":null,"abstract":"This paper proposed a new family of Non-standard finite difference schemes for the Logistic equations. The technique of non-local approximation and renormalization of the denominator function was employed. The new schemes were found to possess desirable stability properties and also preserve all the monotonic properties of the logistic equations.","PeriodicalId":7661,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Scientific and Industrial Research","volume":"70 1","pages":"277-284"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73611035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-06-01DOI: 10.5251/AJSIR.2013.4.3.328.332
O. Olutayo, I. Doyinsola
Medicinal plants are of great importance to the health of individuals and communities. The medicinal value of these plants lies in some chemical substances that produce a definite physiological action on the human body. The most important of these are alkaloids, tannins, glycoside, saponins, steroids, terpenoids, flavonoids, phlobatannins, resins, balsam, volatile oils and cardiac glycosides. The distribution of these moieties in six medicinal plants extracts belonging to different families were assessed and compared. The radical scavenging activities of the plant extracts against 2, 2 – Diphenyl -1picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH) (Sigma Aldrich) were determined by UV spectrophotometer at 517 nm. Also, the significance of the plants in traditional medicine and importance of the distribution of these chemicals constituents were discussed with respect to the role of these plants in ethno medicinal usage in Nigeria.
{"title":"Phytochemical and antioxidant properties of some Nigerian medicinal plants","authors":"O. Olutayo, I. Doyinsola","doi":"10.5251/AJSIR.2013.4.3.328.332","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5251/AJSIR.2013.4.3.328.332","url":null,"abstract":"Medicinal plants are of great importance to the health of individuals and communities. The medicinal value of these plants lies in some chemical substances that produce a definite physiological action on the human body. The most important of these are alkaloids, tannins, glycoside, saponins, steroids, terpenoids, flavonoids, phlobatannins, resins, balsam, volatile oils and cardiac glycosides. The distribution of these moieties in six medicinal plants extracts belonging to different families were assessed and compared. The radical scavenging activities of the plant extracts against 2, 2 – Diphenyl -1picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH) (Sigma Aldrich) were determined by UV spectrophotometer at 517 nm. Also, the significance of the plants in traditional medicine and importance of the distribution of these chemicals constituents were discussed with respect to the role of these plants in ethno medicinal usage in Nigeria.","PeriodicalId":7661,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Scientific and Industrial Research","volume":"71 1","pages":"328-332"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90748189","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-06-01DOI: 10.5251/AJSIR.2013.4.3.288.293
R. Ogunrinde, J. Sunday
This paper presents some models based on first order differential equations. Such models include population growth, drug distribution in the body and dating archaeological samples models. The paper also discusses the formulations, solutions and applications of such models. Keyword: Models, Growth, Decay, Drug Distribution, and First order INTRODUCTION Over the last few decades, mathematics has broken out into a whole new range of applications in the social sciences, biology, medicine, management, e.t.c. and it seems, almost every field of human endeavor, providing qualitative, if not quantitative models where none had existed or even been contemplated before. Mathematical techniques now play an important role in planning, managerial decision-making, and economics, which has probably been longest quantified of the social sciences (c.f. Burghes etal, 1980). The underlying theme in all applications of mathematics to real situations is the process of mathematical modeling. By this we mean the method of translating a real problem from its initial context into a mathematical description, that is, the mathematical models. This mathematical problem is then solved, and the resulting mathematical solutions must be translated back into the original context. The theory of ordinary differential equations. Equations: On a more practical level, it could be claimed that the spread of modern industrial civilization, for better or for worse, is partly a result of man’s ability to solve the differential equations which govern so many of our industrial processes, be they chemical or engineering (c. f. Burghes et al, 1980) A first order ordinary differential equation is a relation between the derivative of an unknown function x (t), where t is a real variable, the function x itself, the independent variable t, and given function of t. Denoting dt dx by . x (by convention differentiation with respect to t is denoted by a dot, and not by a prime), we assume that in some domain D we can express x as a function of t and x , namely x t f x , . (1) where f is a given function on the subject D (assumed open and connected) of 2 R taking values in R . A function t x which when substituted in (1) reduces it to an identity for each t in some interval (a,b) is called a solution of (1) over the interval (a,b). If f is continuous on D, each solution t x will define a smooth curve in D called an integral curve of the equation. Through each point x t, of D there will pass an integral curve whose gradient at that point is given by x t f , . Which curve we choose as our solution will depend on the initial data given. This is illustrated in Fig. 1 below.
本文提出了一些基于一阶微分方程的模型。这些模型包括人口增长、体内药物分布和考古样本测年模型。本文还讨论了这些模型的公式、解和应用。在过去的几十年里，数学在社会科学、生物学、医学、管理等领域的应用已经突破了一个全新的范围，似乎几乎在人类努力的每个领域，提供了定性的，如果不是定量的模型，以前没有存在过，甚至没有考虑过。数学技术现在在规划、管理决策和经济学中发挥着重要作用，经济学可能是社会科学中量化时间最长的(c.f. Burghes etal, 1980)。数学在实际情况中的所有应用的基本主题是数学建模的过程。我们指的是将实际问题从其初始环境转化为数学描述的方法，即数学模型。然后解决这个数学问题，并且必须将得到的数学解翻译回原来的上下文中。常微分方程理论。方程:在一个更实际的层面上,它可能会宣称,现代工业文明的传播,不管是好是坏,一部分是由于人的能力来解决微分方程支配我们的许多工业过程,无论是化学或工程(c f。城镇等,1980)一阶常微分方程是一个未知函数的导数之间的关系x (t),其中t是一个真正的变量,函数x本身,独立变量t,并给出t的函数，将dt / dx表示为。x(根据惯例，关于t的微分用一个点来表示，而不是一个素数)，我们假设在某个定义域D中，我们可以将* x表示为t和x的函数，即x t f x，。·(1)其中f是2r的给定函数D(假设是开放的和连接的)，取R中的值。一个函数t x ，当代入(1)时，将其简化为某个区间(A,b)内每个t的单位，称为(1)在区间(A,b)上的解。如果f在D上连续，每个解t x 将在D上定义一条光滑曲线，称为方程的积分曲线。通过每个点x t (D)会经过一条积分曲线，该点的梯度为x t f (D)。我们选择哪条曲线作为解取决于给出的初始数据。如下图1所示。
{"title":"On some models based on first order differential equations","authors":"R. Ogunrinde, J. Sunday","doi":"10.5251/AJSIR.2013.4.3.288.293","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5251/AJSIR.2013.4.3.288.293","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents some models based on first order differential equations. Such models include population growth, drug distribution in the body and dating archaeological samples models. The paper also discusses the formulations, solutions and applications of such models. Keyword: Models, Growth, Decay, Drug Distribution, and First order INTRODUCTION Over the last few decades, mathematics has broken out into a whole new range of applications in the social sciences, biology, medicine, management, e.t.c. and it seems, almost every field of human endeavor, providing qualitative, if not quantitative models where none had existed or even been contemplated before. Mathematical techniques now play an important role in planning, managerial decision-making, and economics, which has probably been longest quantified of the social sciences (c.f. Burghes etal, 1980). The underlying theme in all applications of mathematics to real situations is the process of mathematical modeling. By this we mean the method of translating a real problem from its initial context into a mathematical description, that is, the mathematical models. This mathematical problem is then solved, and the resulting mathematical solutions must be translated back into the original context. The theory of ordinary differential equations. Equations: On a more practical level, it could be claimed that the spread of modern industrial civilization, for better or for worse, is partly a result of man’s ability to solve the differential equations which govern so many of our industrial processes, be they chemical or engineering (c. f. Burghes et al, 1980) A first order ordinary differential equation is a relation between the derivative of an unknown function x (t), where t is a real variable, the function x itself, the independent variable t, and given function of t. Denoting dt dx by . x (by convention differentiation with respect to t is denoted by a dot, and not by a prime), we assume that in some domain D we can express x as a function of t and x , namely x t f x , . (1) where f is a given function on the subject D (assumed open and connected) of 2 R taking values in R . A function t x which when substituted in (1) reduces it to an identity for each t in some interval (a,b) is called a solution of (1) over the interval (a,b). If f is continuous on D, each solution t x will define a smooth curve in D called an integral curve of the equation. Through each point x t, of D there will pass an integral curve whose gradient at that point is given by x t f , . Which curve we choose as our solution will depend on the initial data given. This is illustrated in Fig. 1 below.","PeriodicalId":7661,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Scientific and Industrial Research","volume":"11 1","pages":"288-293"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80475239","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-06-01DOI: 10.5251/AJSIR.2013.4.3.261.271
O. Horsfall, E. Uko, Iyeneomie Tamunobereton-ari
A comparative analysis of porosity values computed from sonic and neutron-density logs obtained from the same well is here presented. The aim is to identify the more reliable logging tool between sonic and neutron-density in the estimation of porosity values in a formation. Two wells from different parts of Niger Delta were logged for Transit times, bulk density and hydrogen index of the formation as a function of depth. The analysis of sonic, density and neutron porosity values shows a conventional trend of decrease in porosity with depth. Sonic porosity values of well A, and well B varies from 1 to 17%, and 27 to 60% respectively while Neutron-Density Porosity values of well A, and well B varies from 24 to 45%, and 21 to 37% respectively. The Coefficient of Variation for sonic porosity data are 56%, and 23%of well A, and well B respectively , similarly the Coefficient of Variation for Neutron-Density porosity data are 15%, and 14% of well A, and well B respectively. Coefficient of variation of Neutron-density log derived porosities is less than sonic log derived porosities; therefore Neutron-density log derived porosity is more reliable tool for porosity data estimation than sonic log derived porosity. Neutron and density logging tool is here recommended for determination of a reliable porosity value of a formation.
{"title":"Comparative analysis of sonic and neutron-density logs for porosity determination in the South-eastern Niger Delta Basin, Nigeria","authors":"O. Horsfall, E. Uko, Iyeneomie Tamunobereton-ari","doi":"10.5251/AJSIR.2013.4.3.261.271","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5251/AJSIR.2013.4.3.261.271","url":null,"abstract":"A comparative analysis of porosity values computed from sonic and neutron-density logs obtained from the same well is here presented. The aim is to identify the more reliable logging tool between sonic and neutron-density in the estimation of porosity values in a formation. Two wells from different parts of Niger Delta were logged for Transit times, bulk density and hydrogen index of the formation as a function of depth. The analysis of sonic, density and neutron porosity values shows a conventional trend of decrease in porosity with depth. Sonic porosity values of well A, and well B varies from 1 to 17%, and 27 to 60% respectively while Neutron-Density Porosity values of well A, and well B varies from 24 to 45%, and 21 to 37% respectively. The Coefficient of Variation for sonic porosity data are 56%, and 23%of well A, and well B respectively , similarly the Coefficient of Variation for Neutron-Density porosity data are 15%, and 14% of well A, and well B respectively. Coefficient of variation of Neutron-density log derived porosities is less than sonic log derived porosities; therefore Neutron-density log derived porosity is more reliable tool for porosity data estimation than sonic log derived porosity. Neutron and density logging tool is here recommended for determination of a reliable porosity value of a formation.","PeriodicalId":7661,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Scientific and Industrial Research","volume":"51 1","pages":"261-271"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88398404","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-06-01DOI: 10.5251/AJSIR.2013.4.3.285.287
C. Anyigor, J. Afiukwa
This study presents the simulation of modelled chemical reaction in a batch reactor using the Matlab ordinary differential equation function solver (ODE45). Modelling and optimisation of actual batch reaction rate constants under isothermal condition was implemented on a set of experimental data. The data was simulated using hypothetical isothermal rate constants, 1 2 with the initial concentration profile of the reaction: and respectively between reaction time of minutes. The Process model developed was employed to optimise the rate constant (K) at which maximum yield of the desired product was achieved. Results showed maximum product yield, ‘D’ at 1= with a reaction by-product, ‘E’ at 2 = within 40 minutes reaction time. This study is intended to benefit industrial operations which aim at achieving optimum yield of a reaction process in a record time.
{"title":"Application of matlab ordinary differential equation function solver (ode45) in modelling and simulation of batch reaction kinetics","authors":"C. Anyigor, J. Afiukwa","doi":"10.5251/AJSIR.2013.4.3.285.287","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5251/AJSIR.2013.4.3.285.287","url":null,"abstract":"This study presents the simulation of modelled chemical reaction in a batch reactor using the Matlab ordinary differential equation function solver (ODE45). Modelling and optimisation of actual batch reaction rate constants under isothermal condition was implemented on a set of experimental data. The data was simulated using hypothetical isothermal rate constants, 1 2 with the initial concentration profile of the reaction: and respectively between reaction time of minutes. The Process model developed was employed to optimise the rate constant (K) at which maximum yield of the desired product was achieved. Results showed maximum product yield, ‘D’ at 1= with a reaction by-product, ‘E’ at 2 = within 40 minutes reaction time. This study is intended to benefit industrial operations which aim at achieving optimum yield of a reaction process in a record time.","PeriodicalId":7661,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Scientific and Industrial Research","volume":"2019 1","pages":"285-287"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86803991","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-06-01DOI: 10.5251/AJSIR.2013.4.3.317.327
M. Elkarim, S. Ahmed
In this study fifteen types of natural zeolites and synthetic zeolites and clay (Bentonite, Kaolinte) were used. Nine types of synthetic zeolites (K-fledspar, clay and trona) were synthesized by using local crude materials , also the column that was used for treating hard water was prepared from natural zeolite, synthetic zeolite and clay. The sample of red sea water was collected from segala areaat eastern side the of Port Sudan city. The study was investigated to determine the concentration of metals that causes hardness (Ca, Mg).The location of samples was taken from segala area at eastern shore of Red Sea of Port Sudan this area is the main source for Red sea water to the desalination plant, which supplies the city with drinking water. The analysis was investigated to determine the other parameters of water. Hydrogen ion concentration pH was measured using pH meter, TDS concentration was determined by TDS meter. So the concentration of cation metals especially those who caused water hardness (Ca, Mg) were determined by using titration by E.D.T.A and other solutions. They synthetic zeolite, natural zeolite and clay which used in this study were identified a long with XRD and IR.Mainly, this study was concentrated on treatment of metals which causes water hardness (Ca,Mg). The treatment process for synthetic zeolite and natural zeolite were recorded and all analysis results of elements in this study were analyzed, and the synthetic and natural zeolite was found to be better than clay and Albite was found to be the best type in this study .
{"title":"Synthesis of zeolites and their applications as Ion exchange to remove water hardness","authors":"M. Elkarim, S. Ahmed","doi":"10.5251/AJSIR.2013.4.3.317.327","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5251/AJSIR.2013.4.3.317.327","url":null,"abstract":"In this study fifteen types of natural zeolites and synthetic zeolites and clay (Bentonite, Kaolinte) were used. Nine types of synthetic zeolites (K-fledspar, clay and trona) were synthesized by using local crude materials , also the column that was used for treating hard water was prepared from natural zeolite, synthetic zeolite and clay. The sample of red sea water was collected from segala areaat eastern side the of Port Sudan city. The study was investigated to determine the concentration of metals that causes hardness (Ca, Mg).The location of samples was taken from segala area at eastern shore of Red Sea of Port Sudan this area is the main source for Red sea water to the desalination plant, which supplies the city with drinking water. The analysis was investigated to determine the other parameters of water. Hydrogen ion concentration pH was measured using pH meter, TDS concentration was determined by TDS meter. So the concentration of cation metals especially those who caused water hardness (Ca, Mg) were determined by using titration by E.D.T.A and other solutions. They synthetic zeolite, natural zeolite and clay which used in this study were identified a long with XRD and IR.Mainly, this study was concentrated on treatment of metals which causes water hardness (Ca,Mg). The treatment process for synthetic zeolite and natural zeolite were recorded and all analysis results of elements in this study were analyzed, and the synthetic and natural zeolite was found to be better than clay and Albite was found to be the best type in this study .","PeriodicalId":7661,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Scientific and Industrial Research","volume":"12 1","pages":"317-327"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78636509","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-06-01DOI: 10.5251/AJSIR.2013.4.3.306.316
M. Elkarim, Saif Elmajed
In this study five types of natural Zeolites and synthetic zeolites were used .Three types of synthetic zeolites (K-fledspar, clay and trona) were synthezied by using local crude materials by certain ratios, and the natural zeolite which used were collected from different states of Sudan , also the column that was used for treating hard water was prepared for natural zeolite, synthetic zeolite. The sample of red sea water was collected from Segala area at eastern side the of Port Sudan city, This area is the main source of Red sea water to the desalination plant, which supply the city with drinking water , study was investigated to determine the concentration of heavy metals, such as (Cu, pb, Fe, Cd, Zn and Co) . The routine analysis was investigated to determine the other parameters of water.TDS concentration was determined by TDS meter. Concentration of heavy metals was measured by Atomic absorption. The synthetic zeolite and the natural zeolite which that were identified a long with XRD and IR. Also we were concentrated on remove the heavy metals from water during treatment process by synthetic zeolite and natural zeolite . Analysis results of elements in this study were analyzed, and the synthetic and natural zeolite were found to be better and Albite was found to be the best type in this study.
{"title":"The potential of removing toxic elements from red sea water by using functionalised natural zeolite and synthetic zeolite","authors":"M. Elkarim, Saif Elmajed","doi":"10.5251/AJSIR.2013.4.3.306.316","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5251/AJSIR.2013.4.3.306.316","url":null,"abstract":"In this study five types of natural Zeolites and synthetic zeolites were used .Three types of synthetic zeolites (K-fledspar, clay and trona) were synthezied by using local crude materials by certain ratios, and the natural zeolite which used were collected from different states of Sudan , also the column that was used for treating hard water was prepared for natural zeolite, synthetic zeolite. The sample of red sea water was collected from Segala area at eastern side the of Port Sudan city, This area is the main source of Red sea water to the desalination plant, which supply the city with drinking water , study was investigated to determine the concentration of heavy metals, such as (Cu, pb, Fe, Cd, Zn and Co) . The routine analysis was investigated to determine the other parameters of water.TDS concentration was determined by TDS meter. Concentration of heavy metals was measured by Atomic absorption. The synthetic zeolite and the natural zeolite which that were identified a long with XRD and IR. Also we were concentrated on remove the heavy metals from water during treatment process by synthetic zeolite and natural zeolite . Analysis results of elements in this study were analyzed, and the synthetic and natural zeolite were found to be better and Albite was found to be the best type in this study.","PeriodicalId":7661,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Scientific and Industrial Research","volume":"5 1","pages":"306-316"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73897279","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：