Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.3934/matersci.2023022
Pravina Kamini, K. Tee, J. Gimbun, S. C. Chin
Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) is a crucial building component and a valuable strategic resource. The production of cement accounts for 5% to 10% of global carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. Over the years, many researchers have been studying ways to reduce the amount of CO2 in the atmosphere caused by cement production. Due to its properties, biochar is found to be an interesting material to be utilised in the construction industry due to its effectiveness in CO2 sequestration. Biochar is a solid residue created by the thermal breakdown of biomass at moderate temperatures (350–700 ℃) without oxygen or with a small amount of oxygen, sometimes known as bio-carbon. Biochar has a wide range of uses, including those for heating and electricity generation, cleaning flue gases, metallurgy, animal husbandry, agriculture, construction materials, and even medicine. The objective of this paper is to review the potential of biochar as a cementitious material by evaluating its physical, chemical, mechanical, and durability properties. Using biochar as a cementitious material makes it possible to conclude that cement production will be reduced over time by partial replacement, which will also promote and encourage sustainable development in the future.
{"title":"Biochar in cementitious material—A review on physical, chemical, mechanical, and durability properties","authors":"Pravina Kamini, K. Tee, J. Gimbun, S. C. Chin","doi":"10.3934/matersci.2023022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3934/matersci.2023022","url":null,"abstract":"Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) is a crucial building component and a valuable strategic resource. The production of cement accounts for 5% to 10% of global carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. Over the years, many researchers have been studying ways to reduce the amount of CO2 in the atmosphere caused by cement production. Due to its properties, biochar is found to be an interesting material to be utilised in the construction industry due to its effectiveness in CO2 sequestration. Biochar is a solid residue created by the thermal breakdown of biomass at moderate temperatures (350–700 ℃) without oxygen or with a small amount of oxygen, sometimes known as bio-carbon. Biochar has a wide range of uses, including those for heating and electricity generation, cleaning flue gases, metallurgy, animal husbandry, agriculture, construction materials, and even medicine. The objective of this paper is to review the potential of biochar as a cementitious material by evaluating its physical, chemical, mechanical, and durability properties. Using biochar as a cementitious material makes it possible to conclude that cement production will be reduced over time by partial replacement, which will also promote and encourage sustainable development in the future.","PeriodicalId":7670,"journal":{"name":"AIMS Materials Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70090201","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.3934/matersci.2023037
G. El-Awadi
The status of current advances in modifying surfaces for the protection of materials is reviewed in this research. The main goal of material selection is to improve and reinforce surface functionalities. A few examples of surface modification techniques include sol-gel, cladding, electroplating, plasma and thermal spraying, physical deposition of vapors (PVD), vapor chemical deposition (CVD) and beam electron physical vapor deposition (EB-PVD). Strengthening by flame, induction, laser or electron beam is one type of surface modification procedure. Other types include plasma-immersed ion implantation and ion implantation at high energies, as well as diffusion treatments like carburizing and nitriding. Friction control, improved surface corrosion and wear resistance and changes to a component's mechanical or physical qualities are all possible using surface modification methods. The study also contains contemporary research in laser therapy, PVD, EB-PVD, thermal spraying and ion implantation. Additionally, magnetron sputtering (MS) is a widely used and successful approach for thin film coating in the current study. It is crucial to remember that each approach has a distinct set of restrictions, and the method's parameters might change based on the one that is selected, such as deposition targets, overall vacuum substrate temperature, reactive or mixed gas type, pressure percentage and bias voltage, which all have impacts on the PVD technique's layer qualities. Phase formation, change in phase, hardness and film structure of monolayer and multilayer films formed on the substrate under various circumstances also cause variations in the characteristics. Additionally, ion implantation enhances the surface characteristics of layers by implanting ions such as N+, B+, C+, etc. The study shows that the higher layers of multilayer enhance the degree of hardness and lower friction coefficients. To enhance the protection of thermal resistance, a thermal spraying barrier coating was coated on substrate nickel-base alloys, and the surface materials' texture, hardness and wear rate were altered by laser beam. Additionally, a heat pipe's performance was improved by a factor of 300 by adding a tiny coating of gold.
{"title":"Review of effective techniques for surface engineering material modification for a variety of applications","authors":"G. El-Awadi","doi":"10.3934/matersci.2023037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3934/matersci.2023037","url":null,"abstract":"The status of current advances in modifying surfaces for the protection of materials is reviewed in this research. The main goal of material selection is to improve and reinforce surface functionalities. A few examples of surface modification techniques include sol-gel, cladding, electroplating, plasma and thermal spraying, physical deposition of vapors (PVD), vapor chemical deposition (CVD) and beam electron physical vapor deposition (EB-PVD). Strengthening by flame, induction, laser or electron beam is one type of surface modification procedure. Other types include plasma-immersed ion implantation and ion implantation at high energies, as well as diffusion treatments like carburizing and nitriding. Friction control, improved surface corrosion and wear resistance and changes to a component's mechanical or physical qualities are all possible using surface modification methods. The study also contains contemporary research in laser therapy, PVD, EB-PVD, thermal spraying and ion implantation. Additionally, magnetron sputtering (MS) is a widely used and successful approach for thin film coating in the current study. It is crucial to remember that each approach has a distinct set of restrictions, and the method's parameters might change based on the one that is selected, such as deposition targets, overall vacuum substrate temperature, reactive or mixed gas type, pressure percentage and bias voltage, which all have impacts on the PVD technique's layer qualities. Phase formation, change in phase, hardness and film structure of monolayer and multilayer films formed on the substrate under various circumstances also cause variations in the characteristics. Additionally, ion implantation enhances the surface characteristics of layers by implanting ions such as N+, B+, C+, etc. The study shows that the higher layers of multilayer enhance the degree of hardness and lower friction coefficients. To enhance the protection of thermal resistance, a thermal spraying barrier coating was coated on substrate nickel-base alloys, and the surface materials' texture, hardness and wear rate were altered by laser beam. Additionally, a heat pipe's performance was improved by a factor of 300 by adding a tiny coating of gold.","PeriodicalId":7670,"journal":{"name":"AIMS Materials Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70090705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.3934/matersci.2023045
Hidayah Mohd Ali Piah, Mohd Warikh Abd Rashid, Umar Al-Amani Azlan, Maziati Akmal Mohd Hatta
Lead zirconia titanate (PZT) is the most often used piezoelectric material in various electronic applications like energy harvesters, ultrasonic capacitors and motors. It is true that PZT has a lot of significant drawbacks due to its 60% lead content, despite its outstanding ferroelectric, dielectric and piezoelectric properties which influenced by PZT's morphotropic phase boundary. The recently found potassium sodium niobate (KNN) is one of the most promising candidates for a new lead-free piezoelectric material. For the purpose of providing a resource and shedding light on the future, this paper provides a summary of the historical development of different phase boundaries in KNN materials and provides some guidance on how to achieve piezoelectric activity on par with PZT through a thorough examination and critical analysis of relevant articles by providing insight and perspective of KNN, which consists of detailed evaluation of the design, construction of phase boundaries and engineering for applications.
{"title":"Potassium sodium niobate (KNN) lead-free piezoceramics: A review of phase boundary engineering based on KNN materials","authors":"Hidayah Mohd Ali Piah, Mohd Warikh Abd Rashid, Umar Al-Amani Azlan, Maziati Akmal Mohd Hatta","doi":"10.3934/matersci.2023045","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3934/matersci.2023045","url":null,"abstract":"<abstract> <p>Lead zirconia titanate (PZT) is the most often used piezoelectric material in various electronic applications like energy harvesters, ultrasonic capacitors and motors. It is true that PZT has a lot of significant drawbacks due to its 60% lead content, despite its outstanding ferroelectric, dielectric and piezoelectric properties which influenced by PZT's morphotropic phase boundary. The recently found potassium sodium niobate (KNN) is one of the most promising candidates for a new lead-free piezoelectric material. For the purpose of providing a resource and shedding light on the future, this paper provides a summary of the historical development of different phase boundaries in KNN materials and provides some guidance on how to achieve piezoelectric activity on par with PZT through a thorough examination and critical analysis of relevant articles by providing insight and perspective of KNN, which consists of detailed evaluation of the design, construction of phase boundaries and engineering for applications.</p> </abstract>","PeriodicalId":7670,"journal":{"name":"AIMS Materials Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135550128","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.3934/matersci.2023008
N. Papadopoulos, P. P. Falara, P. Vourna
Sol-gel is a widely applied method for the development of hydrophobic anti-soiling coatings. Most of them however suffer from serious drawbacks which restrict their generic applicability, especially on surfaces with limited number of hydroxyl groups. This study aims to propose a facile and straightforward strategy for the development of an "one-fits-all" anti-soiling coating with strong adhesion to a variety of hard, non-absorbent surfaces. The structure of the proposed composition is based on a two-component coating system consisting of an organopolysilazane primer and an alkoxysilane topcoat, based on a quaternarized ammonium silane. Morphology and microstructure were systematically studied, while hydrophobicity, adhesion, stability, abrasion and chemical resistance were determined on aluminum and PC substrates. The anti-soiling behavior of the proposed coating system was also evaluated. It was found that the polysilazane primer provided mechanical and chemical robustness regardless of substrate type, while the quaternarized silane offered pronounced easy-to-clean and anti-static attributes. The combination of such attributes within a single sol-gel coating system is highly beneficial for numerous applications.
{"title":"A versatile approach towards development of easy-to-clean transparent nanocoating systems with pronounced anti-static properties for various substrates","authors":"N. Papadopoulos, P. P. Falara, P. Vourna","doi":"10.3934/matersci.2023008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3934/matersci.2023008","url":null,"abstract":"Sol-gel is a widely applied method for the development of hydrophobic anti-soiling coatings. Most of them however suffer from serious drawbacks which restrict their generic applicability, especially on surfaces with limited number of hydroxyl groups. This study aims to propose a facile and straightforward strategy for the development of an \"one-fits-all\" anti-soiling coating with strong adhesion to a variety of hard, non-absorbent surfaces. The structure of the proposed composition is based on a two-component coating system consisting of an organopolysilazane primer and an alkoxysilane topcoat, based on a quaternarized ammonium silane. Morphology and microstructure were systematically studied, while hydrophobicity, adhesion, stability, abrasion and chemical resistance were determined on aluminum and PC substrates. The anti-soiling behavior of the proposed coating system was also evaluated. It was found that the polysilazane primer provided mechanical and chemical robustness regardless of substrate type, while the quaternarized silane offered pronounced easy-to-clean and anti-static attributes. The combination of such attributes within a single sol-gel coating system is highly beneficial for numerous applications.","PeriodicalId":7670,"journal":{"name":"AIMS Materials Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70089946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.3934/matersci.2023019
Carlos N. Kabengele, Giresse N. Kasiama, E. M. Ngoyi, C. L. Inkoto, Juvenal M. Bete, P. B. Babady, D. Tshibangu, D. Tshilanda, H. M. Kalele, P. Mpiana, K. Ngbolua
Each year more than 150, 000 tons of dyes are released in effluents by industries. These chemicals entities non-biodegradable and toxic can be removed from effluent by metallic nanomaterials. The aqueous extract of Manotes expansa leaves is used as reducing and stabilizing agent in the biogenic synthesis of Mn-CuO nanocomposites. The nanoparticles obtained were characterized using UV-visible spectroscopy, X-ray Diffraction (XRD), X-ray Fluorescence, Dynamic Light Scattering (DSL), and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The hemotoxicity of biosynthesized nanomaterials was assessed by evaluating their hemolytic activity using erythrocytes as a model system. The photocatalytic activity of Mn-CuO was carried out by photocatalytic degradation of Methylene Blue dye as a model. The results obtained by UV-vis spectroscopy showed a Plasmonic Surface Resonance band at 408 nm. XRD and X-ray fluorescence made it possible to identify the presence of particles of formula Mn0.53Cu0.21O having crystallized in a Hexagonal system (a = 3.1080 Å and c = 5.2020 Å). Spherical morphology and average height 49.34 ± 6.71 nm were determined by SEM and DSL, respectively. The hemolytic activity of biosynthesized nanomaterials revealed that they are not hemotoxic in vitro (% hemolysis 3.2%) and 98.3% of Methylene Blue dye was removed after 120 min under irradiation with solar light in the presence of Mn-CuO nanocomposites.
{"title":"Biogenic synthesis, characterization and effects of Mn-CuO composite nanocatalysts on Methylene blue photodegradation and Human erythrocytes","authors":"Carlos N. Kabengele, Giresse N. Kasiama, E. M. Ngoyi, C. L. Inkoto, Juvenal M. Bete, P. B. Babady, D. Tshibangu, D. Tshilanda, H. M. Kalele, P. Mpiana, K. Ngbolua","doi":"10.3934/matersci.2023019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3934/matersci.2023019","url":null,"abstract":"Each year more than 150, 000 tons of dyes are released in effluents by industries. These chemicals entities non-biodegradable and toxic can be removed from effluent by metallic nanomaterials. The aqueous extract of Manotes expansa leaves is used as reducing and stabilizing agent in the biogenic synthesis of Mn-CuO nanocomposites. The nanoparticles obtained were characterized using UV-visible spectroscopy, X-ray Diffraction (XRD), X-ray Fluorescence, Dynamic Light Scattering (DSL), and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The hemotoxicity of biosynthesized nanomaterials was assessed by evaluating their hemolytic activity using erythrocytes as a model system. The photocatalytic activity of Mn-CuO was carried out by photocatalytic degradation of Methylene Blue dye as a model. The results obtained by UV-vis spectroscopy showed a Plasmonic Surface Resonance band at 408 nm. XRD and X-ray fluorescence made it possible to identify the presence of particles of formula Mn0.53Cu0.21O having crystallized in a Hexagonal system (a = 3.1080 Å and c = 5.2020 Å). Spherical morphology and average height 49.34 ± 6.71 nm were determined by SEM and DSL, respectively. The hemolytic activity of biosynthesized nanomaterials revealed that they are not hemotoxic in vitro (% hemolysis 3.2%) and 98.3% of Methylene Blue dye was removed after 120 min under irradiation with solar light in the presence of Mn-CuO nanocomposites.","PeriodicalId":7670,"journal":{"name":"AIMS Materials Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70090006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.3934/matersci.2023033
P. Rusinov, Z. Blednova, A. Rusinova, G. Kurapov, Maxim Semadeni
This article describes the structure and properties of the developed hybrid composite Hastelloy X (NiCrFeMo)-AlMoNbTaTiZr-cBNSiCNiAlCo. The composite was obtained by the high velocity oxygen fuel spraying (HVOF) method in a protective atmosphere with a subsequent high-temperature thermomechanical treatment. In order to obtain new information about the structure, we studied the metallophysical properties of the composite using electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction analysis, as well as the mechanical properties and phase composition. We studied the influence of high-energy mechanical processing of high-entropic and ceramic materials on the structural-phase state and composite quality. We determined the optimal technological parameters of HVOF in a protective atmosphere, followed by a high-temperature thermomechanical treatment. Additionally, we optimized these parameters to form a hybrid composite providing the highest adhesion and low porosity. Moreover, we investigated the microhardness of the composite layers. On the basis of complex metallophysical studies, we examined the composite formation. In order to determine the endurance limit in comparison to various other composite materials, we carried out cyclic endurance tests of the developed materials.
{"title":"Study of the structure and mechanical properties of composites used in the oil and gas industry","authors":"P. Rusinov, Z. Blednova, A. Rusinova, G. Kurapov, Maxim Semadeni","doi":"10.3934/matersci.2023033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3934/matersci.2023033","url":null,"abstract":"This article describes the structure and properties of the developed hybrid composite Hastelloy X (NiCrFeMo)-AlMoNbTaTiZr-cBNSiCNiAlCo. The composite was obtained by the high velocity oxygen fuel spraying (HVOF) method in a protective atmosphere with a subsequent high-temperature thermomechanical treatment. In order to obtain new information about the structure, we studied the metallophysical properties of the composite using electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction analysis, as well as the mechanical properties and phase composition. We studied the influence of high-energy mechanical processing of high-entropic and ceramic materials on the structural-phase state and composite quality. We determined the optimal technological parameters of HVOF in a protective atmosphere, followed by a high-temperature thermomechanical treatment. Additionally, we optimized these parameters to form a hybrid composite providing the highest adhesion and low porosity. Moreover, we investigated the microhardness of the composite layers. On the basis of complex metallophysical studies, we examined the composite formation. In order to determine the endurance limit in comparison to various other composite materials, we carried out cyclic endurance tests of the developed materials.","PeriodicalId":7670,"journal":{"name":"AIMS Materials Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70090070","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.3934/matersci.2023044
Alejandro Sandá, Rocío Ruiz, Miguel Ángel Mafé, Jon Ander Sarasua, Antonio González-Jiménez
In this work, a novel method for a more sustainable recycling and cost-efficient manufacturing technique of polyether ketone ketone (PEKK) based thermoplastic composite materials is proposed to recover and reprocess waste and end-of-life materials in the aerospace industry. For the recycling of carbon fiber reinforced thermoplastics (CFrTP), an innovative scrapping process based on mechanical cutting was developed and the properties of the obtained scrap and the recycled panel were analyzed. Thus, a cutting tool was developed for the delamination of the input material so that long fibers can be retained in the resulting scrap. Different processing approaches of material scrapping were evaluated, aiming to obtain manageable scrap that can be subsequently used for a compression molding process. Additionally, an automatic process was evaluated to manage the scrap and perform the corresponding lay-up to manufacture high-quality thermoplastic composite products with recycled materials.
{"title":"Scrapping of PEKK-based thermoplastic composites retaining long fibers and their use for compression molded recycled parts","authors":"Alejandro Sandá, Rocío Ruiz, Miguel Ángel Mafé, Jon Ander Sarasua, Antonio González-Jiménez","doi":"10.3934/matersci.2023044","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3934/matersci.2023044","url":null,"abstract":"<abstract> <p>In this work, a novel method for a more sustainable recycling and cost-efficient manufacturing technique of polyether ketone ketone (PEKK) based thermoplastic composite materials is proposed to recover and reprocess waste and end-of-life materials in the aerospace industry. For the recycling of carbon fiber reinforced thermoplastics (CFrTP), an innovative scrapping process based on mechanical cutting was developed and the properties of the obtained scrap and the recycled panel were analyzed. Thus, a cutting tool was developed for the delamination of the input material so that long fibers can be retained in the resulting scrap. Different processing approaches of material scrapping were evaluated, aiming to obtain manageable scrap that can be subsequently used for a compression molding process. Additionally, an automatic process was evaluated to manage the scrap and perform the corresponding lay-up to manufacture high-quality thermoplastic composite products with recycled materials.</p> </abstract>","PeriodicalId":7670,"journal":{"name":"AIMS Materials Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135440903","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.3934/matersci.2023015
Shaimaa Mazhar Mahdi, M. Habeeb
This study looks at the synthesis of innovative PEO/PVA/SrTiO3/NiO nanocomposites for piezoelectric sensors and gamma shielding applications that are low weight, elastic, affordable and have good gamma ray attenuation coefficients. The impact of SrTiO3/NiO on the structural characteristics of the PEO/PVA mixture is investigated. The polymer mixture PEO/PVA received additions of SrTiO3/NiO at concentrations of (0, 1, 2, 3 and 4) weight percent by the casting method. On the top surface of the films PEO/PVA/SrTiO3/NiO NCs, scanning electron microscopy reveals several randomly distributed aggregates or fragments that are consistent and coherent. An optical microscope image collection reveals that the blend*s additive distribution of NPs was homogenous. Gamma ray shielding application results show that the attenuation coefficient of PVA/PEO/SrTiO3/NiO NCs is increased by increasing concentration of SrTiO3/NiO nanoparticles. Radiation protection is another application for it. The pressure sensor application findings of NCs show that, when the applied pressure rises, electrical capacitance (Cp) increase.
{"title":"Low-cost piezoelectric sensors and gamma ray attenuation fabricated from novel polymeric nanocomposites","authors":"Shaimaa Mazhar Mahdi, M. Habeeb","doi":"10.3934/matersci.2023015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3934/matersci.2023015","url":null,"abstract":"This study looks at the synthesis of innovative PEO/PVA/SrTiO3/NiO nanocomposites for piezoelectric sensors and gamma shielding applications that are low weight, elastic, affordable and have good gamma ray attenuation coefficients. The impact of SrTiO3/NiO on the structural characteristics of the PEO/PVA mixture is investigated. The polymer mixture PEO/PVA received additions of SrTiO3/NiO at concentrations of (0, 1, 2, 3 and 4) weight percent by the casting method. On the top surface of the films PEO/PVA/SrTiO3/NiO NCs, scanning electron microscopy reveals several randomly distributed aggregates or fragments that are consistent and coherent. An optical microscope image collection reveals that the blend*s additive distribution of NPs was homogenous. Gamma ray shielding application results show that the attenuation coefficient of PVA/PEO/SrTiO3/NiO NCs is increased by increasing concentration of SrTiO3/NiO nanoparticles. Radiation protection is another application for it. The pressure sensor application findings of NCs show that, when the applied pressure rises, electrical capacitance (Cp) increase.","PeriodicalId":7670,"journal":{"name":"AIMS Materials Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70089877","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.3934/matersci.2023025
U. K. Dhar, Md. Farabi Rahman, Mustafa O Ayanoglu, Ahammad Abdullah
In batch operation, most industries require engineers to maintain low hardness on the welded parts, particularly for low carbon steel. This article focuses on tungsten inert gas (TIG) welding performed on 0.90 mm of a C67 grade sheet by varying different welding parameters such as current, velocity, and temperature. Samples were collected from the tool side, mid-wall, and operator side for metallographic and micro-hardness examinations considering various parameters. Without post welding heat treatment (PWHT), the welded parts were quenched at room temperature, while with PWHT the welded parts were kept at 710 ℃ for 99 s after welding, and subsequently, the samples were cooled slowly by air at ambient temperature. An increase in hardness was registered in either the fusion zone or melted zone, with decrements in the heat affected zone (HAZ) for both procedures. When the the welding was performed without PWHT, a martensitic and bainitic microstructure was noticed in the melting zone (MZ) and HAZ, respectively. In contrast, a bainitic microstructure was observed in either the melting or heat affected zone in the welding with PWHT. Metallographic images revealed crack propagation when welding was performed without PWHT. A larger HAZ was noted in the welding sample with PWHT, and hardness was also relatively lower compared the samples without PWHT. There was no significant difference in hardness among the samples taken from tool side, mid-wall, and operator side for both procedures. Finally, the lowest microhardness (265 HV) was found in the MZ when the welding was carried out with PWHT employing a 90 A current and 10 mm/s velocity.
{"title":"Welding on C67 steel grade sheet: Influence of the parameters and post welding heat treatment","authors":"U. K. Dhar, Md. Farabi Rahman, Mustafa O Ayanoglu, Ahammad Abdullah","doi":"10.3934/matersci.2023025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3934/matersci.2023025","url":null,"abstract":"In batch operation, most industries require engineers to maintain low hardness on the welded parts, particularly for low carbon steel. This article focuses on tungsten inert gas (TIG) welding performed on 0.90 mm of a C67 grade sheet by varying different welding parameters such as current, velocity, and temperature. Samples were collected from the tool side, mid-wall, and operator side for metallographic and micro-hardness examinations considering various parameters. Without post welding heat treatment (PWHT), the welded parts were quenched at room temperature, while with PWHT the welded parts were kept at 710 ℃ for 99 s after welding, and subsequently, the samples were cooled slowly by air at ambient temperature. An increase in hardness was registered in either the fusion zone or melted zone, with decrements in the heat affected zone (HAZ) for both procedures. When the the welding was performed without PWHT, a martensitic and bainitic microstructure was noticed in the melting zone (MZ) and HAZ, respectively. In contrast, a bainitic microstructure was observed in either the melting or heat affected zone in the welding with PWHT. Metallographic images revealed crack propagation when welding was performed without PWHT. A larger HAZ was noted in the welding sample with PWHT, and hardness was also relatively lower compared the samples without PWHT. There was no significant difference in hardness among the samples taken from tool side, mid-wall, and operator side for both procedures. Finally, the lowest microhardness (265 HV) was found in the MZ when the welding was carried out with PWHT employing a 90 A current and 10 mm/s velocity.","PeriodicalId":7670,"journal":{"name":"AIMS Materials Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70090045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.3934/matersci.2023040
M. Skakov, A. Miniyazov, V. Baklanov, A. Gradoboev, T. Tulenbergenov, I. Sokolov, Yernat Kozhakhmetov, G. Zhanbolatova, I. Kukushkin
This paper presents the results of the experimental studies of the helium plasma interaction with a surface carbide layer of tungsten. The experiments were carried out on a plasma beam installation (PBI) at a constant energy of incoming ions of 2 keV and at a surface temperature of the tungsten carbide layer of ~905 and ~1750 ℃. The local parameters (Te, n0) of the helium plasma were evaluated using the probe method and spectrometric analysis of the plasma composition. The helium plasma irradiated two types of the carbide layer on the tungsten surface, WC and W2C. The mechanisms of changing the tungsten surface morphology in the result of the plasma irradiation have been described. The study of the surface structure of the tungsten samples with a carbide layer of two types (WC, W2C) after the exposure to the helium plasma has revealed two different types of the formation of helium bubbles and changes in the surface morphology. The physical mechanism of the formation of helium bubbles consists in the capture of helium atoms by the thermal vacancies generated at high temperature by the material surface. However, with a significant increase in temperature to 1750 ℃, the formation of the bubbles was no longer observed and the sample surface had a developed coral-like structure with crystallographically oriented grains.
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