Zeitschrift fur die gesamte Hygiene und ihre Grenzgebiete最新文献

The aim of this paper is the characterization of the skin tolerance to several desinfectants. For that reason, guinea pig epidermis was treated for 1, 7 and 14 days with conventional working dilution of peracetic acid-containing and phosphoric acid-containing desinfectants. In addition, buffered desinfectants were applied. In all cases, the exposure to desinfectants causes a disappearance of histochemically detectable Langerhans cells in the treated epidermis. The lowest number of Langerhans cells was encountered after the application of Wofasteril. The buffering of the working dilution causes significantly lower (p = 0.01) damages in the Langerhans cell population. Possibilities for improving the skin tolerance of this desinfectant in normal use could result.

Multipart we examined the statistical connection of the age at job start and the development of silicosis by analytical epidemiological means. Examined on the basis of the professional duration no correlative connection was found in respect to the relation in question. The comparison of the two groups of dust exposed workers, which in their investigations have been shown to be "disposed" or "resistant", yielded no difference. In another study that investigated the function of cumulative dust doses the results varied so heavily, that the advantages and disadvantages of the different age groups at job start statistically mutually leveled off. Therefore, the age at job start may not be considered as an influencing factor of silicosis development.

In a lead accumulator producing factory the health risk of workers has been studied for more than 30 years by means of measuring the lead concentration at the working places for many years and by carrying out several exposure tests on the 22 workmen. At most workshop places the maximum allowable concentration was considerably exceeded. In many workmen the concentration of lead in the blood and the delta aminolevulinic acid in the urine were increased above the control values. Since 1955 six occupational diseases have been diagnosed which demonstrates the high health risk.

The paper indicates the influence of the social process of the vital potentials of population. The process of lengthening of life could be taken as an social process too. The mortuary table population could be a relation for vital potentials. The process of the morbidity is influenced by vital potentials.

The dynamics of the life expectancy is quantified using the example of some European industrial countries. It is possible to determinate the part of the mortality of infants and children at the life expectancy by performed prototype calculations. Further increase of years of ane's life is especially possible by decreasing mortality in the middle and higher age.

On the basis of the unsatisfactory efficiency of the present screening method (sensitivity: 55%, specificity: 75%) the new conception of a flexible screening method for psychic impairments in case of neurotoxic occupational exposure is introduced. This method integrates different problem-relevant psychodiagnostic dimensions already at screening level and allows adaptation to differentiated aims, conditions and populations of investigations thanks to variable effort control and a variety of investigation and evaluation methods that can be used. The empirical trial of 11 concrete screening variants results in a markedly better sensitivity and specificity (80% to 90%). This essential increase in the diagnostic classification quality justifies the higher effort in terms of psychological investigation capacity necessary for high-quality screening. Some aspects of its further practical application are touched because even the first partial implementations testify the high degree of efficiency and practical relevancy of the flexible screening conception.

The socio-economic impact of disorders of the spine and the back has obtained an increasing importance in all industrial countries. Considering indicators of public health and national economy, namely temporary sickness incapacity for work, invalidity (insured persons in the GDR), utilization of hospital services (total population of the GDR), of rheumatological dispensaries as well as of the general practitioner, frequencies have been studied and trends pursued by means of serial analyses in a 10-year period. Diseases of the spine and the back within diagnostic class XIII/ICD, 9th revision, 1975 (diseases of the musculoskeletal system and connective tissue) have caused--nearly 2/3 of all cases of sickness incapacity for work--1/3 of the incidence of disability pensions--about 1/3 of the utilization of hospital services--about 1/5 of the utilization of rheumatological dispensaries--more than 50% of all cases consulting the general practitioner. As to the indicators sickness incapacity for work, incidence of disability pensions and discharges from the hospital, the serial analyses of the period from 1979 to 1988 have shown that the diseases of the spine and the back have the highest increase within the group of class XIII.

Developments and use of man-made mineral fibres are important for the progress in some technical fields. In the last years the number of man-made mineral fibres increased extraordinarily. For the medical evaluation it is necessary to determine the physico-chemical characteristics of the man-made mineral fibre dust and its biological effects in animal experiments. The results of the investigations are described.

Combined exposure to shiftwork and noise was investigated with respect to its aural damaging effect. The investigations were carried out on 347 male and female noise-exposed textile workers working in single-shift and three-shift systems. The average hearing loss for the PTS at 3 kHz, 4 kHz, the total hearing loss at 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8 kHz and percentage of hearing loss according to Fowler/Sabine served as indicators. To fulfil this task an epidemiological cross-sectional study was performed. The results of the present study show lower average hearing loss values in the case of three-shift workers as compared with single-shift workers.