Zeitschrift fur die gesamte Hygiene und ihre Grenzgebiete最新文献

In order to investigate the influence of hygienic measures (mobilisation yield of lead in urine by CaEDTA, part-time work) on psychological performance 23 lead exposed workers have been psychodiagnostically investigated twice along with biological monitoring (blood lead level, erythrocyte protoporphyrine). In the pre-post comparison 4 of the 6 performance ranges measured showed distinct performance improvements, which could be shown to be statistically significant for group comparisons and in most individual cases. Parameters sensitive to changes were in the motor-sensory choice reaction, concentration and memory while subjective estimations of well-being exhibited no changes. Also after discussing methodological questions (influence of age, test repetition) the changes are interpreted in the direction of a possible reversibility of neurotoxic effects as a consequence of hygienic interventions.

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of current design recommendations (additional rest allowances) for static work on the development of temporary musculo-skeletal pains. The subjects were healthy, relatively fit young adults (16 men). Static work at 25% MVC was performed both in a commonly-used working posture and in a nontypical posture (overhead work). The ratios of work-to-rest corresponded to the ergonomical recommendations. Estimates of pain-perceptions concerning the neck, shoulders and back/trunk were recorded during the muscular exercise. The results show that under certain conditions (commonly-used working posture) the additional rest allowances render possible an exercise without musculoskeletal pains. During overhead work the development of temporary pain-perceptions is not inhibited by additional rest allowances. A revision of the current design recommendations for overhead work is suggested.

The state of health of carpenters is examined in relation to the field associated with their occupations. In this connection the results of occupational medicine concerning examinations for suitability and of observation, the recognised occupational diseases and notifiable industrial accidents are analysed and compared with those of production workers in the building and construction industry. The reasons for higher rates of findings and occupational diseases by carpenters are discussed and conclusions for occupational medical care are drawn.

100 cases of occupational disease 70--expertises from the years 1982 through 1986--were reviewed. Partly, considerable deficiences were found in hygienic exposure analyses as well as in orthopaedic expertises. About one third of the workers with acknowledged occupational disease 70 had fitness relevant occupational independent pre-damage of the spine. From the results conclusions were drawn for the prospective processing of the occupational disease 70 as well as for the fitness evaluation of workers with heavy physical work.

In chronic experiments (4 months) in rabbits, rats, and mice biological effects were investigated from 7 exposure regimen of electromagnetic fields with a frequency of 24 MHz at field strengths of the electric field component of 125, 250, 500, and 1,000 V/m, respectively, and an exposure time of 0.25, 1, and 4 hrs. respectively. The effects on the CNS, the immune and hormone systems, the peripheral blood and on the spermato and embryo genesis were estimated. The results delivered the basis for the introduction of an index. In point of time different limit values are to be determined according to the energetic load. A concrete value for the energetic load 7,200 (V/m)2.h is proposed as maximum allowable field strength of the electric component 300 V/m.

The aim of the investigation was the examination of the significance of exposure test results with respect to lead exposure of workers, which are exposed to temporal strongly varying levels of exposure. The clinical parameters delta-aminolaevolinic acid (DALS), lead concentration in blood (BPb) and erythrocyteprotoporphyrin (EPP) were examined. For the medical praxis the EPP is best suited for the estimation of the individual exposure risk over longer periods of time under mentioned conditions of exposure.

For decades hand-held instruments have been widely used in foundries for material densening and cast after treatment, which introduce a vibration into the hand-arm-system. Over a period of several years this effect may cause both degenerative changes of bones and joints and damages to peripheral nerves and vessels. The present paper gives a summary and differentiated analysis of job-related lesions caused by vibration of parts of the body on foundry-typical workshop places from 1972 to 1986.

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of static work on the rating of perceived exertion (RPE). The subject were healthy, relatively fit young adults (16 men). Exercise was performed at 25% MVC both in a commonly-used work posture and in a non-typical working posture (overhead-work). Estimates of effort were recorded using the CR-20-Scale by Borg. A nonparametric analysis was carried out to examine the relationship between the level of static load and RPE. The results show that the level of static load is reflected in the RPE systematically. It is concluded that RPE measurements render possible comparative evaluation of strain by muscular static work demands.

Considering the necessity to examine the utility of screening tests in the field the results of the Psychological-neurological Questionnaire and a specific neurotoxic test battery were compared. The statistical analysis with crosstables and discrimant analysis showed satisfying classification results. To increase the sensitivity of the screening test procedure it is necessary to include performance tests.

First results in the occupational rehabilitation of teenagers with brain damage in early childhood demonstrate that in cases of mild brain damage and promising family conditions almost 60% of the volunteers were on the job as skilled workers one year after the education. In the group with severe brain damage and unfavourable family conditions one third of the volunteers were on the job one year after cessation of the education. Several psychodiagnostic, prognostic, and social psychological parameters that cause these results are discussed.