Zeitschrift fur die gesamte Hygiene und ihre Grenzgebiete最新文献

The concentration of 17 elements in dust sediments from impacted and background regions of the GDR had been analysed by ICP. Measuring points with concentrations of Cadmium, Lead, Zinc, Copper, Chromium, or Vanadium above the 84.1-percentile of all measuring points are listed and ranked under public health aspects.

The existing tetrachloroethylene was measured with the gas chromatographic method (FID detector), the spectro-photometric method (ICI Manual) based on the Fujiwava reaction, and using the gas detector (as approximation). The results obtained, however, do not differ in principle. Contaminated room air and leakages are the main sources of tetrachloroethylene at the dry cleaners and prevent the lowering of the traditional MEC value set at 100 mgm-3. Therefore the trend of diminishing the emission of exhaust air form machines can be neglected as factor in a general assessment. From the point of process engineering the problem of absorption of tetrachloroethylene in the indoor air with in the concentration range of 50 to 500 mgm-3 will be in the foreground. The excess of the MEC values is reflected by excess of the MIC values. It is difficult to keep to the MIC value within a distance of less than 50 m from the affected area of a dry cleaner.

An explosive epidemic caused by Sh. flexneri, mainly in babies and infants, has obliged to rigorous anti-epidemic measures. In the centre of all efforts started by "district-commission for combat against epidemics" there was the arrangement and the management of an auxiliary hospital placed in a so-called "Kinderkombination". The public antiepidemic document must be completely revised. The economic consequences were enormous.

The actual occupational hygienic limit values for heat stress are based only on acute thermic effects. It cannot, however, be excluded that occupational heat exposure lasting for many years is able to cause chronic alterations of health status to such an extent that long-term effects have to be considered in occupational hygienic heat stress evaluation. In the present paper the essential effects of long-lasting heat stress are discussed on the basis of information from specialized literature, referring primarily to circulation system and water and electrolyte balance. Because of contradictions and insufficient reliability of the present results, further scientific work, especially concerted epidemiological research, is required to answer open questions. Concerning the health protection of heat exposed workers, conclusions are deduced, which can be drawn from the analyzed results already now.

Resistance to serum and phagocytosis belong to the most important virulence markers of the bacteria. These properties enable the microorganism to have some selective advantage by overcoming of host defence, thus increasing the invasiveness of the bacteria. Determination of these properties make it possible to evaluate better the virulence of the facultative-pathogenic microorganisms and can therefore be used for microbiological diagnosis. The method used until now to test these characteristics are very time consuming. For these reason we have employed bioluminescence to determine the number of viable cells. This method is very suitable for this purpose.

Concerning the maintenance and restoration of health in patients being subjected to health resort treatment, the spas play an important role. Therefore, legal provisions in this field establish the elimination of unfavourable environmental conditions, as air pollution, for instance. The geographical situation of a health resort exercises influences on its air quality considered in terms of hygiene. This is linked with different atmospheric and bioclimatic conditions in various regions. The major source of air pollution in a health resort is represented by housing and the communal area, by traffic on the roads and partly by industry. Instructions for measuring and evaluating of pollutants are given. Furthermore, various possibilities for improving the air quality in health resorts are mentioned.

Construction, function, and quality of parameters of a newly developed passive dosimeter for carbon disulphide are described. CS2 adsorbed on chromosorb 101 is thermically desorbed and then dosed to a gas chromatograph via a gas sampling valve and finally determined by flame photometric detection (FPD). The dosimeter allows 24-hr immission and indoor measurements, respectively, and is also suitable as a personal dosimeter for the environmental concentration range. First practical measurement results are discussed.

This paper is a short version of a comprehensive literature study with the same title. During the chlorination of drinking, bathing and waste water a great number of halogenated compounds may be formed by the reaction of the disinfection agent with substances present in water. The haloforms which are often used as key compounds are only the tip of the iceberg. Reaction pathways and a selection of products are presented. The difficulty of assessing the health risk of a lifelong exposure to such compounds is pointed out. At present it doesn't however seem to be justified to abolish water chlorination because of hints to a possible weak carcinogenic action, because the arising bacterial risk would be irresponsible high.

The education to clean the prepuce is a part of education in cleanliness of the boys and had international succeeded against the general circumcision of newborns. While 15 school years from 1969/70 to 1983/84 we could point out the driving back of the retention of smegma, especially when heavy. To the farther correction the chief educators of health, the parents, must be motivated to teach their boys this cleaning with perfect technic. Physicians and teachers should reinforce this. Near by we must take in consideration that only parents and physicians could inspect the prepuce of boys. Every visible retention of smegma should provoke the education in washing this region. It was proposed anew to admit the inspection of the prepuce of the penis from the third year of life into the standard programme of mass examination in GDR during infancy and youth. It was referred to the danger of the early traumatism of the foreskin by the newborns and the babies and also to the problems of the late education in the hygiene of the prepuce only while and after the puberty. Also in the further life of all men this region should be inspected at every medical examination.

Since 1953 systematic compliance-research received an enormous impetus. There is a change in its content too: Compliance depends equally on the attitudes of the doctor or dentist as of the patient. Methods to measure compliance, consequences of poor compliance, and non-compliance are investigated. In stomatology Compliance is important in order to secure progress and results of the therapy, but especially so as to motivate the patient's preventive behaviour. This is demonstrated and also given as a reason for the demand of the patient's expectations on the part of the dentist.