Zeitschrift fur die gesamte Hygiene und ihre Grenzgebiete最新文献

The dietary daily intake of fluorides in the first six months of lifetime has to be taken into special consideration. The slightly toxicological permissible limits of the fluorides can cause mottled enamels. The safe amount of the dietary daily intake for babies ranged up to 0.5 mg. By use of the food-stuff "MANASAN" prepared with fluoridated drinking water the daily intake increased up to 1.01 mg F-. In 150 7-8-years old children which in the first 4 month of lifetime got "MANASAN" prepared with fluoridated drinking water we found in 40% of the children mottled enamels, the fluorosis index scores (defined by DEAN) 0.4 respectively. The caries prevalence was by 0.85 DMF surfacer index.

The instruction to preservation of health especially the popularization of the personal hygiene are demanded a serious place from the medicine in the Age of Englightment. In reference to the salubrious influence of the bath and the warning against the use of unhealthy, metallic make-ups the purposive efforts of the physicians are illustrated.

We divide the statute of foods in the real food-statute and in the rules about the cooking. Particularly the food-statute, we find in the bible (Leviticus chapter 11 and Deuteronomium chapter 14), demonstrated education of health already, in the antiquity. Essentially the jewish food-laws instruct us in the severe training of temperance and discipline. But that system of education teach men also how they reduce the fat of the animals, which are permitted to eat. Likewise the jewish rules refer to the importance of temperance of alcoholic drinks. The empiric knowledge of reduction and selection of animal food effect a theoretic basis leading to the prophylactic and to the preventive of civilization disease and of cancer development.

It has been checked if the "limits of the acceptable doses of ultraviolet radiation of monochromatic radiation at the workplace" (NIOSH-standard of USA) are adhered to in the vicinity of welders' work stations in a factory hall. For recording of UV-doses polysulphon films have been used. According to these investigations non-welders are exposed to doses of UV-radiation which exceed the limits recommended by about eight times. Clinical examinations of these persons showed chronic damage of the external parts of the eyes in a higher percentage than in a control group. It is pointed to the necessity of taking protective measures to shield persons working in the vicinity of welding job sites from ultraviolet radiation.

Death certificates of 1,432 dead persons being older than 1 year of the urban district of Gera (1987) were evaluated. 72.3% of the death certificates showed one or more mistakes. The average number of the mistakes was 1.8. The most numerous formal mistakes and such with regard to the contents were analyzed as well as conclusions were drawn for the further qualification of the coroner physicians and the improvement of filing in the death certificates.

The hypothesis tested was that cognitive factors in the generation of stress, namely perceived coping incapacity (PCI), relate to the extent of psychosomatic ailments. We developed a new scale, CAST (Cognitive Appraisal Stress Test), with a 10 point self-rating of PCI using 16 questions on different aspects of perceived demands versus perceived capabilities. For the assessment of ailments relevant to stress we constructed a scale (PSYSOM) based on a translation of the Scheuch-Vogel symptom list (developed in the GDR from self-report of teachers who could not work as a result of work stress). A special scoring system combined duration, intensity and frequency of 30 symptoms and provided normalisation of distributions. The scales were administered on separate days to 75 female students in their second year (working to obtain admission to an honours degree course). The hypothesis was strongly supported, since the overall scale of PSYSOM correlated with CAST: r = 0.42, p less than .001. The physiologically defined subscale of 'skeletal muscle tension' correlated r = 0.65 with CAST. Subsequently CAST and PSYSOM have been shortened and factor analysed to give, in each case, a general principal component scale and several identifiable varimax subscales. Research using these scales on employees has now provided cross-validation of the first findings reported here.

The presence of clothing for infants does not reflect in quality and quantity the actual situation of medical knowledge. Economical conditions are not responsible for that fact, but especially uninformation of industry and physicians, too. Our contribution should inform doctors, especially from child welfare centres, about clothing to infants. Recommendations were given to a more proper clothing of infants.

Introductorily the actual state in analysis and evaluation of physical work is characterized as a problem of changing chemical into mechanical energy in the skeletal muscle. Modern work is characterized in the view of the physiologist. Considering experimental results and epidemiological studies, problems of the K+ homeostasis during long lasting low level muscle activity are discussed as reasons of limiting performance. Changes in the potassium distribution between intra- and extracellular space have enormous consequences for excitability, contractili, metabolism, and arterial blood pressure. Finally references are given for evaluation and designing of modern work.

The paper describes special problems of sampling toxic gases, very soluble in water, on workplaces with passive samplers. It is possible to construct such passive dosimeters which are suitable for the measurement of substances mentioned above if some peculiarities are taken in consideration. The stain-length passive dosimeters are specially analysed. Problems of the accuracy of this dosimeters, caused by inconstancy of the response time, are explained.

The occupational anamneses of 400 patients of the Martin-Luther-Universität with the Diagnoses idiopathic hip-head necrosis, melanoma, basaloma as well as larynx carcinoma, salivary tumor, and neoplasm in pharynx and oral cavity are analysed. The essential results of the investigation in regard to the characteristics sex, age, smoking, habitude, tumor in the family anamnesis, and occupational exposure are presented.