Zeitschrift fur die gesamte Hygiene und ihre Grenzgebiete最新文献

The detection of antigens is the most important tool for rapid diagnosis of Legionellosis. 34 Legionella (L.) spp. with 51 serogroups have been identified from several sources. According to the antigenic diversity, it is necessary to select monoclonal antibodies (mab) adequate to diagnostic purposes. Mab with specificity to genus, species and serogroups were discussed. L. pneumophila accounts for 70 to 80% of all cases of Legionelloses. In this study self-made mab to L. pneumophila are presented that demonstrate these bacteria in clinical materials from respiratory tract using immunofluorescent tests and by detection of soluble antigens in pleura fluids and urine specimens using enzyme immunoassay.

Copper, zinc, lead and cadmium content of the kidney, liver and lung derived from 1072 autopsies has been determined. The content of lead and cadmium in liver, the content of copper, cadmium and zinc in lung of the rural population (541 cases) was higher than those of the urban population (531 cases). The cadmium content difference of the lung was found to be significant (p less than 0.05). In the lung of the urban population the Zn/Cu relation was better (0.80) than in rural population (0.39). In the kidney and lung of the urban males (297 cases) the cadmium content was significantly higher than in females (234 cases). In the liver the differences were not significant. The Zn/Cu relation was found to be high in both sexes in kidney and in lung respectively (r = 0.90-0.87). In the rural population the sex difference are characteristic: The lead and cadmium content are significantly lower in the kidney and lung of the women. The lead content in the women's liver is lower (p less than 0.05).

267 solderers and 239 controls from a cross-sectional study were reexamined after a five-year period. Thereby the correlation between prevalences of respiratory symptoms and work-place concentrations of solder flux fume was confirmed. The follow-up of lung function revealed a higher influence of smoking habits compared to occupational exposures. The MBTH-method is suitable for estimation of exposure, if smoking and other aldehyde sources are excluded.

For mining exposures the work-relatedness of morbidity measures and functional organ-related disorders was analysed on the base of data concerning medical screening, occupational exposure and disablement. Morbidity corresponds with intensity of occupational exposure. Using risiko measures results for disorders were interpreted in relation to a hypothesis, which allows to distinguish in our opinion diseases without work-relatedness from work-related and occupational diseases. The availability of a "normal exposed" control group and the choice of a well-defined exposed group, for which the definition of selected diseases as work-related is applicable alone, are decisive for the results. For mining exposures functional disorders of muscular and skeletal system require particular consideration.

This is a report about the fundamentals of computerised optimation of duration of operation and air exchange for the use of working machines and cars with internal combustion engines in workrooms. The computer programme 'EMI', which bases on the corresponding national standard TGL 33,358/01 to /03, is suitable for the dialog work with the operator. On the foundation of the ensuring compliance with the maximum working place concentration values MAKK and MAKD it is possible to optimize the contrary requirements like air exchange and duration of operation of the internal combustion engines. The programme can be used for GDR-usual computers. It is possible to order the computer programme 'EMI' including user hints at Mansfeld Industrieanlagen Dresden.

Clostridium perfringes type A is the most common morbifying agent responsible for gas gangrene. For definitive bacteriological diagnosis the germ has to be isolated from contaminants. Suppression of contaminating germs by means of a selective rapid culture technique is also useful, but technical more expensive. The modification of the reverse CAMP-test demonstrated in this paper has the superiority of technical simplicity and is highly sensitive, too. By this method, Clostridia are isolated simultaneously. Thus, for submitting isolates of Clostridia to the reference laboratory, time and material are economized.

Specific problems of the measurement of mechanical vibrations on the grips of hand-held tools are discussed in this paper. Especially the measurement on percussive-typ tools, e.g. pneumatic hammers, percussive drills and others, is focussed. The possibilities of affecting the measuring results because of mistakes in the measurement procedure and because of technological peculiarities of the working process are explained and hints for minimizing these influences are given.