Zentralblatt fur Bakteriologie, Parasitenkunde, Infektionskrankheiten und Hygiene. Erste Abteilung Originale. Reihe B: Hygiene, praventive Medizin最新文献

A report is given of the infection, described under the clinical picture of enteritis, of a one-year old Turkish child with Salmonella arizonae 61:k:1,5,7 (Arizona 26:29-30) which is largely adapted to sheep. It appears that, outside of the USA reports have not been published on infections with this species of Salmonella. Considering that reports on human infections with Salmonellae of the subgenus III (Arizona bacteria) have rarely been published, it was decided to deal with these Salmonellae in general, especially with their reservoirs, the clinical pathological pictures and the problems associated with the bacteriological diagnosis which is made on the basis of the ready splitting of lactose of numerous species of the Arizona group.

In the examination of 526 samples of minced meat for the presence of salmonellae, a preliminary pre-enrichment in buffered peptone water was made. From this medium enrichments were made, for each sample of meat, in the usual Rappaport's medium (R25), incubated at 37 degrees C, and in Muller-Kauffmanns tetrathionate broth, incubated at 43 degrees C. Moreover, an enrichment was also made in a strongly modified Rappaport's medium, containing much less malachite green (R10), incubated at 43 degrees C. The two Rappaport's media proved to be equally effective in the isolation of salmonellae and clearly more efficient, in this respect, than the Muller-Kauffmann's broth. The new Rappaport's medium (R10), incubated at 43 degrees C, has the advantage over the usuals Rappaport's and Muller-Kauffmann's enrichment media to inhibit much more considerably the growth of competing organisms than the two other enrichment media.

The most important proposed direct microscopic method for the detection of moulds were critically compared in 9 different nonfluid foods, of which 7 were naturally and 2 were artifically moulded.--Neither the Rot fragment test, nor the Howard Mould count or the NaOH treatment method proposed by Mossel (1975) were satisfying with non-fluid foods.--A significant improvement of the direct microscopic detection in the Breed-smear could be achieved by selective product specific staining of the fungi elements.--For low protein foods, a modified Pianese staining, and for low polysaccharide foods the Perjod-Schiff reaction proved to be appropriate and easy to carry out.--The slides of the selectively stained Breed-smears also allow a microscopic examination with high magnifications, so that a differenciation of fungus spores and hyphaes is possible.--Fungus spores, yeast cells and hyphal fragments can be counted by the method of Seck (1976). Hyphal fragments can also be recorded according to the prescription of the Howard Mould Count method.

For 4,000 men aged from 35 to 50 years, all employed in an industrial plant in Poznan a record was made of the daily number of the first sick-notes issued as a result of accidents, acute inflammation of the respiratory tract and exacerbation of chronic diseases which accounted for a total of 82 per cent of the absence from work. On the days which showed an increased incidence of accidents and exacerbations of chronic diseases, the weather charts issued by the Institute of Meteorology indicated a statistically significant and more frequent prevalence of meteorotropically active weather conditions over Poland. In contrast, the number of sicknesses due to an acute inflammation of the respiratory tract increased significantly on the day following the passage of a warm or cold weather front in Poland. Such losses of working hours also occurred more frequently during the colder season, while absence from the workplace due to accidents increased during the warm season.

After a discussion of the microbiological standards for milk powder and powdered baby food in various countries, the results of the microbiological analyses of some 1500 samples of these foodstuffs were presented. It emerged that the microflora of these products consists mainly of lactobacteria (they are not demonstrable with all culture methods), micrococci and bacilli: the latter are those with the greatest importance with respect to food hygiene. In addition to these Clostridia and moulds are also found in the samples; very occasionally enterobacteria are also found. No pathogenic germs were detected. With respect to the proposals for standards it was found that the latest Hungarian standards proposals are acceptable provided that the methods of analysis (culturing after Polonyi) are retained also for the proposals discussed.

190 Lactobacilli strains originating from saucisson produced in France, were isolated. The use of numerical taxonomy enabled 6 representative taxa to be established, defined by average biochemical profiles, differing greatly from those of Lactobacilli from dairy origins. Two groups of tests seem to be of particular interest in order to characterize these strains: 1. Fermentaion of ribose: positive, Arginine dihydrolase: positive, Gas production: negative. 2. Fermentation of melibiose: positive, Fermentation of raffinose: negative.

The examination of the physical properties of the instrument showed several possibilities of meter-error mainly due to constructive disadvantages. After having found this a special experimental arrangement was worked out to exclude errors. Then good linear correlations of the meter-reading and the analytical DPD-Method for free Chlorine were found for pH-values ranging from 3.7 to 11. Further the results of a test under practical conditions in a swimming pool are shown and the possibility to discriminate different types of waters by their chlorine demand under constant-titration.

In the scope of our research about the antimicrobial activity of aldehyde-amin-condensates a number of partly new unsymmetrically substituted animals was synthesized by reaction of formaldehyde with different secondary amines. Structures and physically constants are shown in the tables 1 and 2. The antimicrobial activity is demonstrated by the results of the disktest (table 3), of the minimal inhibition concentration (MIC, table 4) and the suspension and area disinfecting tests following the method of the DGHM (tables 5 and 6). For this testing a standardized formulation was used to eliminate the different solubility effects of the various animals. This formulation does not influence the test results. It may be shown, that unsymmetrically substituted animals have both germistatic activity mainly versus Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis and germicidal activity especially versus Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus vulgaris, Trichophyton mentagrophytes and Micosporum gypseum.