{"title":"Indonesian program enrolls 3 million in 3 years; 84% of new acceptors chose the pill or IUD.","authors":"","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":76914,"journal":{"name":"International family planning digest","volume":"1 1","pages":"1-2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1975-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"12390727","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Indonesian program enrolls 3 million in 3 years; 84% of new acceptors chose the pill or IUD.","authors":"","doi":"10.2307/2948255","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/2948255","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":76914,"journal":{"name":"International family planning digest","volume":"1 1 1","pages":"1-2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1975-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2307/2948255","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68698386","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Studies in Taiwan indicate that the practice of birth control increased, the preferred family size declined, and the preference for sons decreased from 1965 to 1973. The proportion of young women who were married decreased as did the birth rate between 1965 and 1972. Illegal abortion continued to be practiced; almost 250,000 induced abortions were obtained in 1973. 70% of community leaders and 90% of gynecologists favor liberalization of the restrictive abortion law. Fertility declined most for women 30 years old and older in the 1960's; between 1970 and 1972 fertility declined for women under 30. The preferred number of children decreased with education and urbanization. Contraceptive use increased for all age and educational groups during these years. Contraception seems to be used more for spacing than for limitation of births.
{"title":"Younger women in Taiwan want smaller families, fewer sons; birth control use is found widespread.","authors":"","doi":"10.2307/2948189","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/2948189","url":null,"abstract":"Studies in Taiwan indicate that the practice of birth control increased, the preferred family size declined, and the preference for sons decreased from 1965 to 1973. The proportion of young women who were married decreased as did the birth rate between 1965 and 1972. Illegal abortion continued to be practiced; almost 250,000 induced abortions were obtained in 1973. 70% of community leaders and 90% of gynecologists favor liberalization of the restrictive abortion law. Fertility declined most for women 30 years old and older in the 1960's; between 1970 and 1972 fertility declined for women under 30. The preferred number of children decreased with education and urbanization. Contraceptive use increased for all age and educational groups during these years. Contraception seems to be used more for spacing than for limitation of births.","PeriodicalId":76914,"journal":{"name":"International family planning digest","volume":"1 4 1","pages":"10-1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1975-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2307/2948189","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68698653","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The progestogen-only minipill appears to offer only minimal protection against ectopic pregnancy according to 3 reports. In 1 report, 2 ectopic pregnancies occurred among 135 women taking .35 mg norethisterone for a total of 1024 woman-months, and 2 other ectopic pregnancies occurred in a group of women who completed 650 woman-months, yielding and approximate rate of 2/100 woman per year of use. In another report, 3 ectopic pregnancies were found among a group of 535 women using minipills for 4594 woman-months. Of these, 1 woman had used .5 mg chlormadinone acetate daily, another .35 mg norethisterone, and the third, .5 mg megestrol acetate. These failure rates ranged from .6 to 1.2 ectopic pregnancies per 100 woman-years of use. There were 35 pregnancies among these women, 8.6% of which were ectopic. In another report, there were 3 ectopic pregnancies among 73 pregnancies. This proportion, 4.1%, was similar to that reported for pregnancies among IUD users. It was noted that side effects of progestogen-only contraception, e.g., spotting and breakthrough bleeding, lengthened cycle, and amenorrhea, are also symptoms of ectopic pregnancy. Physicians should consider ectopic pregnancy when patients are taking minipill contraceptives.
{"title":"Minipill: miniprotection from ectopic pregnancy.","authors":"","doi":"10.2307/2948192","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/2948192","url":null,"abstract":"The progestogen-only minipill appears to offer only minimal protection against ectopic pregnancy according to 3 reports. In 1 report, 2 ectopic pregnancies occurred among 135 women taking .35 mg norethisterone for a total of 1024 woman-months, and 2 other ectopic pregnancies occurred in a group of women who completed 650 woman-months, yielding and approximate rate of 2/100 woman per year of use. In another report, 3 ectopic pregnancies were found among a group of 535 women using minipills for 4594 woman-months. Of these, 1 woman had used .5 mg chlormadinone acetate daily, another .35 mg norethisterone, and the third, .5 mg megestrol acetate. These failure rates ranged from .6 to 1.2 ectopic pregnancies per 100 woman-years of use. There were 35 pregnancies among these women, 8.6% of which were ectopic. In another report, there were 3 ectopic pregnancies among 73 pregnancies. This proportion, 4.1%, was similar to that reported for pregnancies among IUD users. It was noted that side effects of progestogen-only contraception, e.g., spotting and breakthrough bleeding, lengthened cycle, and amenorrhea, are also symptoms of ectopic pregnancy. Physicians should consider ectopic pregnancy when patients are taking minipill contraceptives.","PeriodicalId":76914,"journal":{"name":"International family planning digest","volume":"1 4 1","pages":"13"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1975-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2307/2948192","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68698728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Various Asian countries have antinatalist incentive plans to encourage families to limit their childbearing. Several such economic plans in Taiwan, Singapore, and Korea are described. A new plan proposed by R.C. Treadway and R.W. Gillespie of The Population Council is described. Under this plan, families may choose the type of incentive they wish--subsidizing housing, cash, savings accounts, or commodities--for every year in which they have no child. No benefits are paid within 4 years of a birth. Couples remain in the program until the wife reaches 40. It is hoped that the program would encourage postponement and limitation of births. For the program to succeed, family planning education and facilities must be available and accessible.
{"title":"Tailoring benefit plans to couples' needs, desires may stimulate many to have smaller families.","authors":"","doi":"10.2307/2948193","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/2948193","url":null,"abstract":"Various Asian countries have antinatalist incentive plans to encourage families to limit their childbearing. Several such economic plans in Taiwan, Singapore, and Korea are described. A new plan proposed by R.C. Treadway and R.W. Gillespie of The Population Council is described. Under this plan, families may choose the type of incentive they wish--subsidizing housing, cash, savings accounts, or commodities--for every year in which they have no child. No benefits are paid within 4 years of a birth. Couples remain in the program until the wife reaches 40. It is hoped that the program would encourage postponement and limitation of births. For the program to succeed, family planning education and facilities must be available and accessible.","PeriodicalId":76914,"journal":{"name":"International family planning digest","volume":"1 4 1","pages":"14"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1975-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2307/2948193","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68698741","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Pill users protected from benign breast ills, run no increased risk of breast cancer.","authors":"","doi":"10.2307/2948257","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/2948257","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":76914,"journal":{"name":"International family planning digest","volume":"1 1 1","pages":"4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1975-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2307/2948257","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68698999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Traditional midwives are active in most villages and many urban areas of Asia, Africa, and Latin America. They deliver babies, provide prenatal and postpartum care, teach folk methods of birth control, treat infertility, and enjoy the confidence of many women. Most official family planning programs make little or no use of these traditional midwives. Research should be conducted into the most effective ways of recruiting and rewarding midwives in family planning programs. They seem to function best when provided with adequate training, supervision, and incentives. Traditional midwives are participating in the national family planning programs in Pakistan, Indonesia, Malaysia, and the Philippines. Only in Iran do they participate in the medical aspects of family planning. Midwives in Iran do IUD insertions and their performance compares favorably with that of medical personnel.
{"title":"Granny midwives can help with family planning in developing lands; in Iran they insert, remove IUDs.","authors":"","doi":"10.2307/2948182","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/2948182","url":null,"abstract":"Traditional midwives are active in most villages and many urban areas of Asia, Africa, and Latin America. They deliver babies, provide prenatal and postpartum care, teach folk methods of birth control, treat infertility, and enjoy the confidence of many women. Most official family planning programs make little or no use of these traditional midwives. Research should be conducted into the most effective ways of recruiting and rewarding midwives in family planning programs. They seem to function best when provided with adequate training, supervision, and incentives. Traditional midwives are participating in the national family planning programs in Pakistan, Indonesia, Malaysia, and the Philippines. Only in Iran do they participate in the medical aspects of family planning. Midwives in Iran do IUD insertions and their performance compares favorably with that of medical personnel.","PeriodicalId":76914,"journal":{"name":"International family planning digest","volume":"1 4 1","pages":"1-3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1975-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2307/2948182","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68697917","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The acceptability of vasectomy in 4 Latin American countries is repo rted. The unenthusiastic reception of vasectomy in Latin America is apparently due to a paucity of male sterilization programs and not to machismo. The 1st vasectomy program in Latin America was established in Bogota, Colombia, in 1970. This was followed by programs in Costa Rica (1971), El Salvador (1972), and Guatemala (1973). Upon expansion of the Colombian program from 1 city to 9 cities, the number of voluntary vasectomies increased from 100 to 560. 235 vasectomies were performed in the 1st 6 months of the Costa Rican program, and 278 were performed in the 1st 9 months of the Guatemalan program. During the 1st 2 years of the program in El Salvador, the monthly average of operations performed rose from 3 to 19. In El Salvador at least, vasectomy was acceptable to men aged 22-69 years, with 2-20 living children, and from all types of occupations.
{"title":"Thousands of men in four Latin countries choose to have vasectomies; machismo is no barrier.","authors":"","doi":"10.2307/2948183","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/2948183","url":null,"abstract":"The acceptability of vasectomy in 4 Latin American countries is repo rted. The unenthusiastic reception of vasectomy in Latin America is apparently due to a paucity of male sterilization programs and not to machismo. The 1st vasectomy program in Latin America was established in Bogota, Colombia, in 1970. This was followed by programs in Costa Rica (1971), El Salvador (1972), and Guatemala (1973). Upon expansion of the Colombian program from 1 city to 9 cities, the number of voluntary vasectomies increased from 100 to 560. 235 vasectomies were performed in the 1st 6 months of the Costa Rican program, and 278 were performed in the 1st 9 months of the Guatemalan program. During the 1st 2 years of the program in El Salvador, the monthly average of operations performed rose from 3 to 19. In El Salvador at least, vasectomy was acceptable to men aged 22-69 years, with 2-20 living children, and from all types of occupations.","PeriodicalId":76914,"journal":{"name":"International family planning digest","volume":"1 4 1","pages":"3-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1975-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2307/2948183","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68697955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The problem of teenage pregnancy is widespread among many countries. In many Western countries, the proportion of births to teenagers that are illegitimate is very high. Studies from many countries show that teenagers tend, where abortion is legal, to use induced abortion as their only form of birth control.
{"title":"Sex education, contraception are urgent for teens; premarital pregnancy, illegitimate births increasing.","authors":"","doi":"10.2307/2948184","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/2948184","url":null,"abstract":"The problem of teenage pregnancy is widespread among many countries. In many Western countries, the proportion of births to teenagers that are illegitimate is very high. Studies from many countries show that teenagers tend, where abortion is legal, to use induced abortion as their only form of birth control.","PeriodicalId":76914,"journal":{"name":"International family planning digest","volume":"1 4 1","pages":"4-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1975-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2307/2948184","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68697967","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cuba has the lowest infant morality rate, 1 of the lowest maternal mortality rates, and 1 of the lowest birthrates of any Latin American or Caribbean country, largely because of its comprehensive maternal health care. Family planning is an integral part. All conventional contraceptives and sterilization are provided in the same manner as other ambulatory medical services through clinics, rural hospitals, or medical posts. Cuba has begun manufacturing its own nylon version of the Zipper ring and had imported a variety of other IUDs with the assistance of the Population Council and International Planned Parenthood Federation. IUDs are the leading method, condoms and the diaphragm are of 2nd order use, and oral contraceptives are less widely used although low-does combination pills are gaining acceptance. First trimester abortion is common and virtually all are done by suction evacuation in hospitals. Only a samll number of second trimester procedures are done, only on strictly medical grounds. Sterilization is done in hospitals, usually as a postpartum procedure. Prenatal care is universally available, leave with pay is given for childbirth, and the planned revision of the family law contemplates elimination of illegitimacy as a civil status.
{"title":"Family planning, part of maternal health care, spurring record low infant, mother death rates in Cuba.","authors":"","doi":"10.2307/2948213","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/2948213","url":null,"abstract":"Cuba has the lowest infant morality rate, 1 of the lowest maternal mortality rates, and 1 of the lowest birthrates of any Latin American or Caribbean country, largely because of its comprehensive maternal health care. Family planning is an integral part. All conventional contraceptives and sterilization are provided in the same manner as other ambulatory medical services through clinics, rural hospitals, or medical posts. Cuba has begun manufacturing its own nylon version of the Zipper ring and had imported a variety of other IUDs with the assistance of the Population Council and International Planned Parenthood Federation. IUDs are the leading method, condoms and the diaphragm are of 2nd order use, and oral contraceptives are less widely used although low-does combination pills are gaining acceptance. First trimester abortion is common and virtually all are done by suction evacuation in hospitals. Only a samll number of second trimester procedures are done, only on strictly medical grounds. Sterilization is done in hospitals, usually as a postpartum procedure. Prenatal care is universally available, leave with pay is given for childbirth, and the planned revision of the family law contemplates elimination of illegitimacy as a civil status.","PeriodicalId":76914,"journal":{"name":"International family planning digest","volume":"1 3 1","pages":"5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1975-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2307/2948213","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68698337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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