American Journal of Botany最新文献_第9页

Heat drastically alters floral color and pigment composition without affecting flower conspicuousness 热量会剧烈地改变花的颜色和色素成分，但不会影响花的显著性。

IF 2.7 2区生物学 Q2 PLANT SCIENCES

American Journal of Botany

Pub Date : 2025-09-09 DOI: 10.1002/ajb2.70096

Eduardo Narbona, Francisco Perfectti, Adela González-Megías, Luis Navarro, José C. del Valle, Cristina Armas, José M. Gómez

Premise

Floral pigments primarily serve to attract pollinators through color display and also contribute to protection against environmental stress. Although pigment composition can be plastically altered under stress, its impact on pollinator color perception remains poorly understood. Moricandia arvensis (Brassicaceae) exhibits seasonal floral dimorphism, with lilac spring flowers and white summer flowers. This study examines how heat-driven shifts in floral pigments alter flower color and its perception by pollinators.

Methods

We conducted a comparative analysis of spring and summer floral morphs in a natural population by measuring petal spectral reflectance, analyzing absorption spectra of petal extracts, and modeling floral color in the visual systems of major pollinator functional groups. Additionally, UHPLC-ESI-MS/MS analysis was conducted under controlled conditions to characterize differences in phenolic profiles.

Results

Spring flowers exhibited strong UV reflectance and a reduction in reflectance in the green spectrum, whereas summer flowers showed no UV reflectance and high reflectance in the visible range. Anthocyanins were detected only in spring flowers, while summer flowers accumulated high levels of UV-absorbing flavonoids. Despite these differences, both floral morphs remained visually conspicuous to hymenopterans, dipterans, lepidopterans, and coleopterans. Summer flowers produced twice as many phenolic compounds and accumulated higher concentrations, with ferulic acid and kaempferol derivatives the most prominent.

Conclusions

White summer flowers of Moricandia arvensis are not merely anthocyanin-deficient but exhibit a distinct profile of UV-absorbing phenolics that may confer heat tolerance while preserving floral conspicuousness to pollinators. These findings highlight the role of multifunctional traits in the evolution of flower color.

前提：花色素的主要作用是通过颜色展示吸引传粉者，同时也有助于保护植物免受环境胁迫。虽然色素组成可以在压力下发生可塑性改变，但其对传粉媒介颜色感知的影响仍然知之甚少。Moricandia arvensis（芸苔科）表现出季节性的花二态性，春天的花是淡紫色的，夏天的花是白色的。本研究探讨了热驱动的花色素变化如何改变花的颜色和传粉者对它的感知。方法：通过测量花瓣光谱反射率，分析花瓣提取物的吸收光谱，并在主要传粉昆虫功能群的视觉系统中建立花的颜色模型，对自然种群春夏花的形态进行对比分析。此外，在控制条件下进行UHPLC-ESI-MS/MS分析以表征酚类特征的差异。结果：春花紫外反射率强，绿光谱反射率降低，夏花紫外反射率不强，可见光谱反射率高。花青素仅在春季花中检测到，而夏季花积累了高水平的吸收紫外线的类黄酮。尽管存在这些差异，但在膜翅目、双翅目、鳞翅目和鞘翅目中，这两种花的形态在视觉上仍然很明显。夏花产生的酚类化合物是夏花的两倍，且积累的浓度更高，其中阿魏酸和山奈酚衍生物最为突出。结论：Moricandia arvensis的白色夏季花不仅缺乏花青素，而且表现出独特的吸收紫外线的酚类物质，这可能赋予耐热性，同时保持花对传粉者的显著性。这些发现强调了多功能性状在花色进化中的作用。

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引用次数: 0

Elevated ozone promotes the dominance of invasive plant species in low-diversity native plant communities 臭氧浓度升高促进了入侵植物在低多样性本地植物群落中的优势地位。

IF 2.7 2区生物学 Q2 PLANT SCIENCES

American Journal of Botany

Pub Date : 2025-09-08 DOI: 10.1002/ajb2.70098

Yan Li, Ayub M. O. Oduor

Premise

The diversity–invasibility hypothesis suggests that native plant communities with high species diversity are more resistant to invasions by exotic species compared to those with fewer species. This resistance stems from more complete resource use and stronger biotic interactions in diverse communities, which limit opportunities for invaders to establish. However, this resistance could potentially be weakened by environmental stressors, including elevated tropospheric ozone. Ozone levels have increased globally from 10 ppb in pre-industrial times to around 50 ppb today. Elevated ozone affects plant species differently, depending on their functional traits and physiological tolerances. Yet, no prior study has tested how elevated ozone affects the link between native plant community diversity and invasion resistance. We thus set up an open-top chamber experiment to assess the impact of ozone enrichment on invasive plant growth in native communities of differing species richness.

Methods

We established 16 native plant communities: eight low-diversity and eight high-diversity. Each community was invaded by a single individual from one of nine exotic species and grown in either ambient (40.72 ppb) or elevated (83.10 ppb) ozone.

Results

Elevated ozone reduced the mean aboveground biomass of invasive species by 9.64% overall. The decline was greater in low-diversity communities (–18.46%) than in high-diversity ones (–12.54%). Elevated ozone enhanced the mean proportional aboveground biomass of invasive species in low-diversity communities (11.24%), but not in high-diversity communities.

Conclusions

These findings support the diversity–invasibility hypothesis and suggest that species-rich communities maintain stronger resistance to invasion even in elevated ozone.

前提：物种多样性-入侵假说认为物种多样性高的本土植物群落比物种较少的本土植物群落更能抵御外来物种的入侵。这种抗性源于更完整的资源利用和不同群落中更强的生物相互作用，这限制了入侵者建立的机会。然而，这种抗性可能会被环境压力因素削弱，包括对流层臭氧升高。全球臭氧水平已从工业化前的10 ppb增加到今天的50 ppb左右。臭氧升高对植物的影响是不同的，这取决于它们的功能特性和生理耐受性。然而，之前没有研究测试臭氧升高如何影响本地植物群落多样性和入侵抵抗之间的联系。在不同物种丰富度的原生群落中，通过开顶室实验研究臭氧富集对入侵植物生长的影响。方法：建立了16个本地植物群落：8个低多样性和8个高多样性。每个群落都被来自9种外来物种之一的单个个体入侵，并在环境臭氧（40.72 ppb）或升高臭氧（83.10 ppb）中生长。结果：臭氧浓度升高使入侵物种地上平均生物量总体减少9.64%。低多样性群落的下降幅度（-18.46%）大于高多样性群落（-12.54%）。臭氧浓度升高使低多样性群落的平均地上生物量增加（11.24%），而在高多样性群落中则没有增加。结论：这些发现支持了物种多样性入侵假说，并表明物种丰富的群落即使在高臭氧水平下也能保持更强的入侵抵抗力。

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引用次数: 0

Dispersal across Wallace's Line: A case study in Endiandra 华莱士防线上的分散：以Endiandra为例。

IF 2.7 2区生物学 Q2 PLANT SCIENCES

American Journal of Botany

Pub Date : 2025-09-07 DOI: 10.1002/ajb2.70097

Jiayi Song, Deby Arifiani, Jens G. Rohwer, David Kay Ferguson, Yong Yang

Premise

Floristic exchanges between Oceania and tropical Asia have significant asymmetrical characteristics. Many groups of plants have dispersed southward from Asia to Oceania, whereas a northward dispersal from Oceania to tropical Asia (i.e., the “Dacrycarpus pattern”) is rarely reported. The genus Endiandra (Lauraceae) is distributed from tropical Asia to Oceania, with higher species richness in Oceania, so it can contribute to our understanding of paleotropical biogeography.

Methods

We sequenced plastid genomes (plastomes) of 69 species using an herbariomic (genome skimming) approach, with 48 plastomes reported for the first time. We also reconstructed a phylogenomic tree, estimated divergence times, analyzed ancestral areas, and studied the biogeographic history of the genus.

Results

Our well-resolved phylogenomic tree depicts Endiandra as a paraphyletic group in which two Australian species of Beilschmiedia are nested. Dating analysis indicated that the stem and crown ages of the genus are 51.21 and 45.69 million years old, respectively. Ancestral area reconstruction indicates that the genus originated in Oceania and that several independent dispersal events across Wallace's Line shaped its modern distribution.

Conclusions

The geological history and environmental changes in the Neogene likely facilitated the dispersal of Endiandra. However, the inferred dispersal patterns proved more complicated than the classic “Dacrycarpus pattern”, helping improve our understanding of the paleotropical biogeographic history of plants.

前提：大洋洲与热带亚洲之间的植物区系交流具有显著的不对称特征。许多植物群从亚洲向南扩散到大洋洲，而从大洋洲向北扩散到热带亚洲（即“Dacrycarpus模式”）的报道很少。月桂科月桂属植物分布于热带亚洲至大洋洲，其中大洋洲的物种丰富度较高，有助于我们对古热带生物地理学的认识。方法：采用植物基因组学（基因组skimming）方法对69种植物的质体基因组（质体）进行测序，其中48个质体为首次报道。我们还重建了系统基因组树，估计了分化时间，分析了祖先区域，并研究了该属的生物地理历史。结果：我们的系统基因组树将Endiandra描述为一个副类群，其中两个澳大利亚种beilschmedia嵌套。年代学分析表明，该属的茎龄和冠龄分别为51.21万年和4569万年。祖先区域重建表明，该属起源于大洋洲，几次跨越华莱士线的独立分散事件塑造了其现代分布。结论：新近纪的地质历史和环境变化可能促进了Endiandra的扩散。然而，推断出的扩散模式比经典的“Dacrycarpus模式”更为复杂，有助于提高我们对古热带植物生物地理历史的认识。

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引用次数: 0

Refugial isolation and ecological niche differentiation promote genetic divergence of Oresitrophe and Mukdenia in Northeast Asia 避居隔离和生态位分化促进了东北亚地区黑褐蝽和白褐蝽的遗传分化。

IF 2.7 2区生物学 Q2 PLANT SCIENCES

American Journal of Botany

Pub Date : 2025-09-04 DOI: 10.1002/ajb2.70088

Maoqin Xia, Joongku Lee, Limin Yu, Xianyun Mu, Wei-Mei Jiang, Douglas E. Soltis, Luxian Liu, Pan Li

Premise

The demographic histories of temperate plants in Northeast Asia in response to Quaternary climate oscillations have long been the focus of evolutionary biologists, but have rarely been studied in herbaceous plants. Here, we investigated the phylogeographic patterns of Mukdenia and Oresitrophe.

Methods

We sequenced two plastid regions for O. rupifraga (22 populations, 222 individuals), M. acanthifolia (five populations, 50 individuals), and M. rossii (14 populations, 139 individuals). To better understand the phylogeographic patterns of these species, we analyzed genetic diversity/structure, divergence times, demographic history, and distributional changes (with ecological niche modeling). We compared the inferred niche space of these species and addressed isolation by distance (IBD) and isolation by environment (IBE).

Results

We confirmed the monophyly of each species and detected a phylogeographic division corresponding to an arid belt in North China. Oresitrophe rupifraga is inferred to have contracted into four refugia during Pleistocene interglacial periods. Mukdenia acanthifolia and M. rossii appear to have retreated to the Changbai Mountains and Korean Peninsula during that time. In contrast, a larger potential geographic distribution was inferred for each species during glacial periods. Significant ecological niche differentiation was detected among the three species, which may have been associated with their genetic divergence.

Conclusions

Refugial isolation, climatic barriers, and niche differentiation likely influenced the genetic divergence of Oresitrophe and Mukdenia. Our study has implications for the structure of plant diversity in temperate deciduous forests of Northeast Asia and provides insights into conservation units worthy of protection and management for species of both genera.

研究前提：东北亚温带植物种群历史对第四纪气候波动的响应一直是进化生物学家关注的焦点，但对草本植物的研究很少。在此，我们研究了狐蝠属和狐蝠属的系统地理格局。方法：对柽柳（22个居群，222个个体）、棘叶柽柳（5个居群，50个个体）和罗氏柽柳（14个居群，139个个体）的2个质体区进行测序。为了更好地了解这些物种的系统地理模式，我们分析了遗传多样性/结构、分化时间、人口统计学历史和分布变化（利用生态位模型）。我们比较了这些物种推断的生态位空间，并讨论了距离隔离（IBD）和环境隔离（IBE）。结果：证实了各物种的单系性，并发现了华北干旱带对应的系统地理分区。据推测，在更新世间冰期，rupifraga已收缩为四个避难所。在这段时间里，棘叶蕨和罗氏蕨似乎撤退到了长白山和朝鲜半岛。相比之下，推断出每个物种在冰期的潜在地理分布更大。3个物种间存在明显的生态位分化，这可能与它们的遗传分化有关。结论：避难隔离、气候屏障和生态位分化可能影响了鼠背虫和鼠背虫的遗传分化。本研究对东北亚温带落叶森林的植物多样性结构具有重要意义，并为这两个属的物种提供了值得保护和管理的保护单元。

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引用次数: 0

Color polymorphism in Anemone coronaria: Correlations with soil, climate, and flowering phenology 银莲花冠的颜色多态性：与土壤、气候和开花物候的关系。

IF 2.7 2区生物学 Q2 PLANT SCIENCES

American Journal of Botany

Pub Date : 2025-09-04 DOI: 10.1002/ajb2.70093

Tzlil Labin, Banisha Phukela, Tamar Keasar, Nirit Lavie-Alon, Yuval Sapir

Premise

Flower color polymorphism (FCP) is thought to be driven by multiple selection agents. Although widely associated with visual attraction of multiple pollinators, FCP is also often correlated with abiotic factors. We explored the links between abiotic conditions, flowering phenology, and FCP in the winter-flowering geophyte Anemone coronaria L., which forms color-polymorphic or red-only populations.

Methods

We mapped the geographical distribution of color diversity in A. coronaria in Israel using citizen-science data. We recorded the phenology and density of red and non-red flowers during two flowering seasons in 18 plots along a rainfall gradient. We related the spatiotemporal data to soil and climate measures.

Results

Color-polymorphic populations are restricted to Mediterranean sites (>450 mm annual rainfall, >60% soil saturation), whereas red populations are found in Mediterranean and in semiarid sites, and in soils with high (>15%) soil calcium carbonate (CaCO₃) content. Greater soil electrical conductance (salts and water) was predictive of earlier first flowers. Flowering started earlier in Mediterranean than in semiarid plots, and earlier in non-red than in red flowers. Temperature and soil potassium concentrations (for non-red flowers) or sand content (for red flowers) were predictive of the timing of peak flowering.

Conclusions

The spatiotemporal patterns of FCP in A. coronaria may reflect adaptation of red flowers to stressful semiarid abiotic conditions and to pollinator preferences. Abiotic conditions that delay flowering may benefit red anemones by enhancing their probability of encountering glaphyrid beetles, their specialized pollinators.

前提：花颜色多态性（FCP）被认为是由多种选择因子驱动的。尽管FCP与多种传粉媒介的视觉吸引力广泛相关，但也经常与非生物因素相关。研究了冬花地生植物银莲花（Anemone coronaria L.）的非生物条件、开花物候和FCP之间的联系。方法：利用公民科学数据绘制以色列冠状花颜色多样性的地理分布图。我们沿降雨梯度记录了18个样地2个开花季节红色和非红色花的物候和密度。我们将时空数据与土壤和气候措施联系起来。结果：颜色多态性种群仅限于地中海地区（年降雨量450毫米，土壤饱和度60%），而红色种群则存在于地中海和半干旱地区，以及土壤碳酸钙（CaCO3）含量高（15%）的土壤中。更高的土壤电导率（盐和水）预示着更早的首次开花。地中海地区的花期比半干旱地区早，非红色地区的花期比红色地区早。温度和土壤钾浓度（对于非红色花朵）或砂含量（对于红色花朵）预测了高峰开花的时间。结论：冠状花FCP的时空格局可能反映了红花对半干旱非生物胁迫条件和传粉者偏好的适应。延迟开花的非生物条件可能有利于红海葵，因为它增加了它们遇到特殊传粉者金甲虫的可能性。

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引用次数: 0

Trait specialization facilitates autonomous selfing ability in a mixed-mating plant 性状专门化促进了杂交植物的自主自交能力。

IF 2.7 2区生物学 Q2 PLANT SCIENCES

American Journal of Botany

Pub Date : 2025-09-04 DOI: 10.1002/ajb2.70095

Hanna Makowski, Keric Lamb, Austin M. Kim, Emily Scott, Laura F. Galloway

Premise

Transitions from outcrossing to selfing often drive the evolution of floral traits in a predictable way. However, these expectations are not as straightforward for mixed-mating systems. In this study, we examine variation in pollen-collecting hairs, a floral structure involved in secondary pollen presentation within Campanulaceae. While secondary pollen presentation is hypothesized to have evolved to promote outcrossing, we evaluate the association of pollen-collecting hairs with selfing ability.

Methods

We characterized pollen-collecting hair morphology and retraction phenology in 15 populations of Campanula americana with known variation in self-fertilization ability using time-series collections and automated image analysis of pollen-collecting hair length.

Results

There was two-fold variation in the length of pollen-collecting hairs across populations that was associated with a population's within-flower selfing ability. Retraction rate of pollen-collecting hairs also varied among populations and was associated with selfing ability. Populations with greater selfing ability had longer hairs that retracted quickly early in floral anthesis.

Conclusions

We show pollen-collecting hairs, a trait thought to have evolved to promote outcrossing, is associated with within-flower selfing ability. Through developmental changes in length, pollen-collecting hairs appear to be a plastic phenotype that is both associated with autonomous selfing and with outcrossing in C. americana. This provides support for trait specialization rather than trade-offs, and for the ‘best of both worlds’ hypothesis of mixed mating-system evolution.

前提：从异交到自交的过渡通常以一种可预测的方式驱动花性状的进化。然而，这些期望并不像混合交配系统那样简单。在这项研究中，我们研究了收集花粉毛的变异，收集花粉毛是一种花的结构，参与了钟属植物的次生花粉呈现。虽然次生花粉呈现被假设为促进异交而进化，但我们评估了收集花粉的毛发与自交能力的关系。方法：采用时间序列采集和自动图像分析的方法，对15个已知自花能力变异的美洲风铃种群采集花粉的毛形态和缩回物候进行了研究。结果：在不同种群中，收集花粉的毛的长度有两倍的变化，这与种群的花内自交能力有关。收集花粉毛的缩回率在不同种群间也存在差异，并与自交能力有关。具有较强自交能力的群体有较长的毛，在花期早期迅速缩回。结论：我们发现收集花粉的毛发，一种被认为是为了促进异种杂交而进化的特征，与花内自交能力有关。通过长度的发育变化，收集花粉的毛似乎是一种可塑性表型，这种表型既与美洲蕉的自主自交有关，也与异交有关。这为性状专门化而不是权衡提供了支持，也为混合交配系统进化的“两全其美”假说提供了支持。

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引用次数: 0

Adaptive plant traits under anthropogenic burning regimes: A database for UK heath and mire plant species 人为燃烧制度下的适应性植物性状：英国荒原和沼泽植物物种数据库。

IF 2.7 2区生物学 Q2 PLANT SCIENCES

American Journal of Botany

Pub Date : 2025-09-03 DOI: 10.1002/ajb2.70090

Kimberley J. Simpson, Claire M. Belcher, Sarah J. Baker

Premise

Humans have used fire to manage landscapes for millennia, but this use of fire is declining in many ecosystems. Understanding how plants respond to these changes is key to predicting ecosystem resilience and impacts on services such as biodiversity and carbon sequestration. However, many ecosystems lack data on plant fire responses. A solution is to infer these responses through studying functional traits that offer fitness benefits under fire by enabling species to resist fire, or persist through fire, by resprouting or recruitment from stored seed banks or dispersed seed. Studying these traits helps predict species performance under fire.

Methods

We used a trait-based approach to create a database of fire-relevant traits and fire responses for vascular and nonvascular plant species in UK heath and mire ecosystems managed by fire. By reviewing the available literature, we collected data on traits adaptive under frequent burns for 153 plant taxa that could then be used to make predictions about fire effects.

Results

Of the 153 taxa assessed, 97% had fire-adaptive traits; 149 taxa had resistance and/or persistence traits, enabling survival or regeneration after fire. Additionally, 20 taxa showed fire-enhanced recruitment, while only four lacked traits aiding survival during or after fire.

Conclusions

The database created here is designed to be a resource for those who study and manage heath and mire ecosystems. The use of fire in areas where heath is underlain by peat is much debated, and this database can inform how changing or removing the use of fire will impact plant communities.

前提：几千年来，人类一直使用火来管理景观，但在许多生态系统中，火的使用正在减少。了解植物如何应对这些变化是预测生态系统恢复力及其对生物多样性和碳封存等服务的影响的关键。然而，许多生态系统缺乏植物火灾响应的数据。一种解决方案是通过研究功能性状来推断这些反应，这些性状通过从储存的种子库或分散的种子中重新繁殖或招募，使物种能够抵抗火灾，或在火灾中坚持下来，从而在火灾中提供适应性优势。研究这些特征有助于预测物种在火灾中的表现。方法：采用基于性状的方法，建立了火灾管理下英国荒原和沼泽生态系统中维管和非维管植物的火灾相关性状和火灾响应数据库。通过回顾现有文献，我们收集了153个植物类群在频繁烧伤下的适应性特征数据，这些数据可用于预测火灾效应。结果：153个分类群中97%具有火适应性状；149个类群具有耐火和/或持久性特征，能够在火灾后存活或再生。此外，20个类群表现出火灾增强的招募特征，只有4个类群缺乏火灾中或火灾后有助于生存的性状。结论：该数据库旨在为研究和管理健康和沼泽生态系统的人员提供资源。在以泥炭为基础的健康地区，火的使用争议很大，这个数据库可以告知改变或取消火的使用将如何影响植物群落。

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引用次数: 0

Testing key tenets of pyro-ecophysiology: Indicators of drought response in relation to shoot flammability 测试热生理生态的关键原则：干旱反应与茎部可燃性相关的指标。

IF 2.7 2区生物学 Q2 PLANT SCIENCES

American Journal of Botany

Pub Date : 2025-08-28 DOI: 10.1002/ajb2.70091

Niger Sultana, Cate Macinnis-Ng, Sarah J. Richardson, Md Azharul Alam, Xinglei Cui, Sarah V. Wyse, Daniel C. Laughlin, Katherine Seward, George L. W. Perry, Timothy J. Curran

Premise

Relationships between flammability and drought tolerance influence vegetation dynamics during fires. A goal of the emerging subdiscipline of pyro-ecophysiology is to identify ecophysiological traits that determine live fuel flammability, but empirical studies of these relationships are rare. Furthermore, drought tolerance has been suggested as a surrogate for low flammability when choosing species to plant near houses in fire-prone areas, but this hypothesis has not been tested.

Methods

We examined links between flammability and drought tolerance for 39 woody species, compiling existing data on shoot flammability and six drought-related variables: minimum leaf water potential (Ψ_min; N = 15 species), leaf turgor loss point (π_tlp; N = 20), root zone water deficits (N = 19), days to plant death (N = 14), xylem embolism resistance (P₅₀; N = 20), and wood density (WD; N = 20).

Results

Drought-tolerant species did not have low shoot flammability, except for a negative relationship between ignition percentage and WD, and then only for conifers. In contrast, there were significant negative relationships between four of five shoot flammability variables and either or both Ψ_min and π_tlp, showing that the most drought-tolerant species were also the most flammable. Ψ_min and π_tlp were positively associated with leaf water status, producing higher correlations with shoot flammability than other drought-response indicators.

Conclusions

Pyro-ecophysiological traits, e.g. Ψ_min and π_tlp, are useful predictors of interspecific variation in live fuel flammability, showing how pyro-ecophysiology can provide insights into how plants might respond to a more drought- and fire-prone future.

前提：可燃性和耐旱性之间的关系影响火灾期间植被的动态。热生态生理学这一新兴分支学科的一个目标是确定决定燃料可燃性的生态生理特征，但对这些关系的实证研究很少。此外，在选择在火灾易发地区的房屋附近种植的树种时，耐旱性被认为是低可燃性的替代品，但这一假设尚未得到验证。方法：对39种木本植物的可燃性与耐旱性之间的关系进行了研究，收集了现有的6个与干旱相关的变量：最小叶片水势（Ψmin; N = 15种）、叶片膨松损失点（πtlp; N = 20）、根区水分缺水量（N = 19）、植株死亡时间（N = 14）、木质部栓塞抗性（P50; N = 20）和木材密度（WD; N = 20）。结果：耐旱树种的枝梢可燃性不低，但与WD呈负相关，其次为针叶树；相反，5个可燃性变量中有4个与Ψmin和π - tlp或两者均呈显著负相关，说明最耐旱的树种也是最易燃的树种。Ψmin和π - tlp与叶片水分状态呈正相关，与茎部可燃性的相关性高于其他干旱响应指标。结论：高温生态生理特征，如Ψmin和π - tlp，是生物燃料可燃性种间变化的有效预测因子，表明高温生态生理可以为植物如何应对更干旱和火灾的未来提供见解。

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引用次数: 0

Building a robust backbone for Astragalus using a clade-specific target enrichment bait set 建立一个健壮的骨干黄芪使用枝特异性靶富集诱饵集。

IF 2.7 2区生物学 Q2 PLANT SCIENCES

American Journal of Botany

Pub Date : 2025-08-19 DOI: 10.1002/ajb2.70084

Daniele Buono, Gudrun Kadereit, Aaron Liston, Shahin Zarre, Diego F. Morales-Briones

Premise

With over 3100 species, Astragalus L. (Fabaceae) has long fascinated botanists as the largest genus of flowering plants. With an origin in the Middle Miocene, Astragalus has one of the highest diversification rates known in flowering plants. Comprehensive taxonomic treatments exist, and the genus is currently subdivided into 136 sections in the eastern hemisphere and 93 sections in the western hemisphere based on morphological characters. Despite considerable efforts, a comprehensive and well-resolved phylogeny of the genus is still lacking.

Methods

Here, we reconstruct the backbone phylogeny of Astragalus using a custom bait set capturing 819 loci specifically designed for a target enrichment approach in the Astragalean clade. We carefully selected a set of 107 taxa representing all major clades currently recognized in Astragalus. Of those, 80 newly sequenced taxa were obtained from herbarium specimens as old as 110 years.

Results

We retrieved all the targeted loci and additional off-target plastome sequences for all samples, including the 80 herbarium specimens. Our phylogenetic analysis reinforced the currently accepted backbone phylogeny of Astragalus with high support and novel details, additionally providing insights into cytonuclear phylogenetic conflicts in the genus. Evidence for potential reticulate evolution was found, providing a possible explanation for the conflicts observed.

Conclusions

This work represents an important milestone in obtaining a comprehensive, herbarium-based phylogeny of Astragalus, which will constitute the base to study a wealth of relevant biological questions, for example, the still unanswered question of what drove the rapid diversification of Astragalus, with important repercussions on our understanding of diversification in natural contexts.

前提：黄芪属（豆科）有超过3100种，作为最大的开花植物属，长期以来一直吸引着植物学家。黄芪起源于中新世中期，是已知开花植物中多样化程度最高的植物之一。目前已对该属进行了全面的分类处理，根据形态特征将其在东半球划分为136个科，在西半球划分为93个科。尽管付出了相当大的努力，但对该属的系统发育仍缺乏一个全面而明确的认识。方法：在这里，我们使用一个定制的诱饵集来重建黄芪的骨干系统发育，该诱饵集捕获了819个位点，这些位点是专门为黄芪分支的目标富集方法设计的。我们精心挑选了一组107个分类群，代表了目前在黄芪中公认的所有主要分支。其中，80个新测序的分类群来自已有110年历史的植物标本室标本。结果：我们检索到所有样本的所有靶位点和额外的脱靶质体序列，包括80份植物标本馆标本。我们的系统发育分析以高支持度和新颖的细节加强了目前公认的黄芪骨干系统发育，此外还为该属的细胞核系统发育冲突提供了见解。发现了潜在网状进化的证据，为观察到的冲突提供了可能的解释。结论：这项工作是获得一个全面的、基于植物标本的黄芪系统发育的重要里程碑，它将为研究大量相关的生物学问题奠定基础，例如，什么推动了黄芪的快速多样化，这对我们理解自然环境下的多样性具有重要影响。

{"title":"Building a robust backbone for Astragalus using a clade-specific target enrichment bait set","authors":"Daniele Buono, Gudrun Kadereit, Aaron Liston, Shahin Zarre, Diego F. Morales-Briones","doi":"10.1002/ajb2.70084","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ajb2.70084","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Premise</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>With over 3100 species, <i>Astragalus</i> L. (Fabaceae) has long fascinated botanists as the largest genus of flowering plants. With an origin in the Middle Miocene, <i>Astragalus</i> has one of the highest diversification rates known in flowering plants. Comprehensive taxonomic treatments exist, and the genus is currently subdivided into 136 sections in the eastern hemisphere and 93 sections in the western hemisphere based on morphological characters. Despite considerable efforts, a comprehensive and well-resolved phylogeny of the genus is still lacking.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Here, we reconstruct the backbone phylogeny of <i>Astragalus</i> using a custom bait set capturing 819 loci specifically designed for a target enrichment approach in the Astragalean clade. We carefully selected a set of 107 taxa representing all major clades currently recognized in <i>Astragalus</i>. Of those, 80 newly sequenced taxa were obtained from herbarium specimens as old as 110 years.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We retrieved all the targeted loci and additional off-target plastome sequences for all samples, including the 80 herbarium specimens. Our phylogenetic analysis reinforced the currently accepted backbone phylogeny of <i>Astragalus</i> with high support and novel details, additionally providing insights into cytonuclear phylogenetic conflicts in the genus. Evidence for potential reticulate evolution was found, providing a possible explanation for the conflicts observed.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This work represents an important milestone in obtaining a comprehensive, herbarium-based phylogeny of <i>Astragalus</i>, which will constitute the base to study a wealth of relevant biological questions, for example, the still unanswered question of what drove the rapid diversification of <i>Astragalus</i>, with important repercussions on our understanding of diversification in natural contexts.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":7691,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Botany","volume":"112 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://bsapubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ajb2.70084","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144870835","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Heat waves decrease fitness and alter maternal provisioning in natural populations of Mimulus guttatus 热浪降低了麻瓜自然种群的适应性并改变了母性供给。

IF 2.7 2区生物学 Q2 PLANT SCIENCES

American Journal of Botany

Pub Date : 2025-08-19 DOI: 10.1002/ajb2.70087

Nicholas J. Kooyers, Mark A. Genung, Simon G. Innes, Andrea Turcu, Donna M. Hinrichs, Benjamin J. LeBlanc, Courtney M. Patterson

Premise

The increasing frequency and severity of heat waves across the globe is well known. However, few longitudinal studies have tracked demographic change and fitness within natural populations, and fewer still have spanned multiple extreme events. Determining how organisms tolerate, respond, and potentially adapt to extreme events is key for assessing long-term population viability.

Methods

We examined how mortality, fecundity, seed provisioning, and offspring germination differed across 12 populations of annual common monkeyflower (Mimulus guttatus) over 5 years.

Results

Two heat waves occurred within the study: a heat wave within the first 10 days of the growing season in 2019 and a heat dome event nearly a month into the growing season in 2021. Mortality was high, and fecundity decreased in a population-specific manner following each heat wave. However, the 2021 heat dome caused declines of 34.5% in seed size and 22.1% in the ability to germinate, while the 2019 heat wave did not significantly affect either. Structural equation models indicated that similar climatic factors—including early-season maximum temperatures and late-season precipitation—are associated with declines in fecundity and slower germination.

Conclusions

These results suggest that the consequences of heat waves will depend on the relative severity and timing of the heat wave in the growing season, and further suggest that this timing may have amplified longer-term impacts because offspring have less provisioning. Specifically, with growing seasons shifting earlier into the spring, later or slower germination could exacerbate population extirpation risk.

前提：热浪在全球范围内日益频繁和严重，这是众所周知的。然而，很少有纵向研究追踪自然种群的人口变化和适应性，而跨越多个极端事件的研究更少。确定生物如何耐受、应对和适应极端事件是评估长期种群生存能力的关键。方法：研究了12个一年生猕猴花（Mimulus guttatus）种群在5年内的死亡率、繁殖力、种子供应和后代萌发的差异。结果：研究中发生了两次热浪：2019年生长季节的前10天发生了一次热浪，2021年生长季节近一个月发生了一次热穹事件。每次热浪过后，死亡率很高，繁殖力以特定种群的方式下降。然而，2021年的热浪导致种子大小下降34.5%，发芽能力下降22.1%，而2019年的热浪对两者都没有显著影响。结构方程模型表明，类似的气候因素——包括季前最高温度和季后降水——与繁殖力下降和发芽缓慢有关。结论：这些结果表明，热浪的后果将取决于生长季节热浪的相对严重程度和时间，并进一步表明，这种时间可能会放大长期影响，因为后代的供应较少。具体来说，随着生长季节提前进入春季，发芽晚或发芽慢可能会加剧种群灭绝的风险。

{"title":"Heat waves decrease fitness and alter maternal provisioning in natural populations of Mimulus guttatus","authors":"Nicholas J. Kooyers, Mark A. Genung, Simon G. Innes, Andrea Turcu, Donna M. Hinrichs, Benjamin J. LeBlanc, Courtney M. Patterson","doi":"10.1002/ajb2.70087","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ajb2.70087","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Premise</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The increasing frequency and severity of heat waves across the globe is well known. However, few longitudinal studies have tracked demographic change and fitness within natural populations, and fewer still have spanned multiple extreme events. Determining how organisms tolerate, respond, and potentially adapt to extreme events is key for assessing long-term population viability.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We examined how mortality, fecundity, seed provisioning, and offspring germination differed across 12 populations of annual common monkeyflower (<i>Mimulus guttatus</i>) over 5 years.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Two heat waves occurred within the study: a heat wave within the first 10 days of the growing season in 2019 and a heat dome event nearly a month into the growing season in 2021. Mortality was high, and fecundity decreased in a population-specific manner following each heat wave. However, the 2021 heat dome caused declines of 34.5% in seed size and 22.1% in the ability to germinate, while the 2019 heat wave did not significantly affect either. Structural equation models indicated that similar climatic factors—including early-season maximum temperatures and late-season precipitation—are associated with declines in fecundity and slower germination.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>These results suggest that the consequences of heat waves will depend on the relative severity and timing of the heat wave in the growing season, and further suggest that this timing may have amplified longer-term impacts because offspring have less provisioning. Specifically, with growing seasons shifting earlier into the spring, later or slower germination could exacerbate population extirpation risk.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":7691,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Botany","volume":"112 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://bsapubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ajb2.70087","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144870836","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0