American Journal of Botany最新文献_第8页

Clinal variation in quantitative traits but not in evolutionary potential along elevational and latitudinal gradients in the widespread Anthyllis vulneraria 在广布的鱼鳞藻中，沿海拔和纬度梯度存在数量性状而非进化潜力的支系变异。

IF 2.4 2区生物学 Q1 Agricultural and Biological Sciences

American Journal of Botany

Pub Date : 2024-06-18 DOI: 10.1002/ajb2.16360

Laura Daco, Guy Colling, Diethart Matthies

Premise

Strong elevational and latitudinal gradients allow the study of genetic differentiation in response to similar environmental changes. However, it is uncertain whether the environmental changes along the two types of gradients result in similar genetically based changes in quantitative traits. Peripheral arctic and alpine populations are thought to have less evolutionary potential than more central populations do.

Methods

We studied quantitative traits of the widespread Anthyllis vulneraria in a common garden. Plants originated from 20 populations along a 2000-m elevational gradient from the lowlands to the elevational limit of the species in the Alps, and from 20 populations along a 2400-km latitudinal gradient from the center of the distribution of the species in Central Europe to its northern distributional margin.

Results

Most traits showed similar clinal variations with elevation and latitude of origin, and the magnitude of all measured traits in relation to mean annual temperature was similar. Higher Q_ST values than F_ST values in several traits indicated diversifying selection, but for others Q_ST was smaller than F_ST. Genetic diversity of quantitative traits and neutral molecular markers was not correlated. Plasticity in response to favorable conditions declined with elevation and less strongly with latitude of origin, but the evolvability of traits did not.

Conclusions

The clinal variation suggests adaptive differentiation of quantitative traits along the two gradients. The evolutionary potential of peripheral populations is not necessarily reduced, but lower plasticity may threaten their survival under rapidly changing climatic conditions.

前提：强烈的海拔梯度和纬度梯度有助于研究基因分化对类似环境变化的响应。然而，目前还不确定这两种梯度上的环境变化是否会导致数量性状发生类似的遗传变化。外围的北极和高山种群被认为比中心种群的进化潜力要小：方法：我们在一个普通花园中研究了广泛分布的鱼腥草（Anthyllis vulneraria）的数量性状。植物来自从低地到阿尔卑斯山物种海拔极限的 2000 米海拔梯度上的 20 个种群，以及从中欧物种分布中心到其北部分布边缘的 2400 公里纬度梯度上的 20 个种群：大多数性状随着海拔高度和原产地纬度的变化呈现出相似的宗族变化，所有测量性状与年平均温度的关系大小也相似。一些性状的 QST 值高于 FST 值，表明存在多样化选择，但其他性状的 QST 值则小于 FST 值。数量性状的遗传多样性与中性分子标记不相关。对有利条件的可塑性随海拔的升高而降低，随原产地纬度的升高而降低，但性状的可演化性却没有降低：结论：支系变异表明数量性状在两个梯度上存在适应性分化。外围种群的进化潜力不一定会降低，但较低的可塑性可能会威胁到它们在快速变化的气候条件下的生存。

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引用次数: 0

Corrigendum to “The tiny drivers behind plant ecology and evolution” 植物生态和进化背后的微小驱动力》勘误。

IF 2.4 2区生物学 Q1 Agricultural and Biological Sciences

American Journal of Botany

Pub Date : 2024-06-12 DOI: 10.1002/ajb2.16358

Lau, J. A, and L. G. Bolin. 2024. The tiny drivers behind plant ecology and evolution. American Journal of Botany e16234. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajb2.16324

Our original schematic in Figure 1, which described the processes discussed in our article, included a drawing of an epiphytic orchid. Such a plant would not typically grow in soils and would not have the root structure illustrated in the figure. Accordingly, we have replaced the aboveground plant drawing with a more appropriate taxon.

We apologize for this error.

Lau, J. A, and L. G. Bolin.2024.植物生态学和进化背后的微小驱动力。https://doi.org/10.1002/ajb2.16324Our 图 1 中的原始示意图描述了我们文章中讨论的过程，其中包括一张附生兰的图。这种植物通常不会生长在土壤中，也不会有图中所示的根部结构。因此，我们用更合适的分类群取代了地上植物图。

引用次数: 0

Investigating historical drivers of latitudinal gradients in polyploid plant biogeography: A multiclade perspective 调查多倍体植物生物地理学纬度梯度的历史驱动因素：多物种视角

IF 2.4 2区生物学 Q2 PLANT SCIENCES

American Journal of Botany

Pub Date : 2024-06-12 DOI: 10.1002/ajb2.16356

Eric R. Hagen, Thais Vasconcelos, James D. Boyko, Jeremy M. Beaulieu

Premise

The proportion of polyploid plants in a community increases with latitude, and different hypotheses have been proposed about which factors drive this pattern. Here, we aimed to understand the historical causes of the latitudinal polyploidy gradient using a combination of ancestral state reconstruction methods. Specifically, we assessed whether (1) polyploidization enables movement to higher latitudes (i.e., polyploidization precedes occurrences in higher latitudes) or (2) higher latitudes facilitate polyploidization (i.e., occurrence in higher latitudes precedes polyploidization).

Methods

We reconstructed the ploidy states and ancestral niches of 1032 angiosperm species at four paleoclimatic time slices ranging from 3.3 million years ago to the present, comprising taxa from four well-represented clades: Onagraceae, Primulaceae, Solanum (Solanaceae), and Pooideae (Poaceae). We used ancestral niche reconstruction models alongside a customized discrete character evolution model to allow reconstruction of states at specific time slices. Patterns of latitudinal movement were reconstructed and compared in relation to inferred ploidy shifts.

Results

No single hypothesis applied equally well across all analyzed clades. While significant differences in median latitudinal occurrence were detected in the largest clade, Poaceae, no significant differences were detected in latitudinal movement in any clade.

Conclusions

Our preliminary study is the first to attempt to connect ploidy changes to continuous latitudinal movement, but we cannot favor one hypothesis over another. Given that patterns seem to be clade-specific, more clades must be analyzed in future studies for generalities to be drawn.

前言：群落中多倍体植物的比例会随着纬度的增加而增加，关于驱动这种模式的因素，人们提出了不同的假说。在此，我们旨在通过综合使用祖先状态重建方法来了解纬度多倍体梯度的历史原因。具体而言，我们评估了（1）多倍体化是否促成了向高纬度地区的迁移（即多倍体化先于在高纬度地区的出现）或（2）高纬度地区是否促进了多倍体化（即在高纬度地区的出现先于多倍体化）：我们重建了从 330 万年前至今四个古气候时间片上 1032 个被子植物物种的倍性状态和祖先壁龛，包括四个代表性较强的支系的类群：其中包括四个代表性较强的支系中的分类群：被子植物（Onagraceae）、报春花科（Primulaceae）、茄科（Solanaceae）和蒲葵科（Pooideae）。我们使用了祖先生态位重建模型和定制的离散特征演化模型，以重建特定时间片的状态。我们重建了纬度移动模式，并将其与推断的倍性变化进行了比较：结果：没有一种假说在所有分析的支系中都同样适用。虽然在最大的支系（禾本科）中发现了纬度发生中位数的显著差异，但在任何支系中都没有发现纬度移动的显著差异：我们的初步研究首次尝试将倍性变化与连续的纬度移动联系起来，但我们不能倾向于一种假设而非另一种假设。鉴于模式似乎具有支系特异性，今后的研究必须分析更多的支系，才能得出一般性结论。

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引用次数: 0

Corrigendum to “Patterns of leaf trait variation underlie ecological differences among sympatric tree species of Damburneya in a tropical rainforest” 叶片性状变异模式是热带雨林中 Damburneya 同域树种生态差异的基础》的更正。

IF 2.4 2区生物学 Q1 Agricultural and Biological Sciences

American Journal of Botany

Pub Date : 2024-06-11 DOI: 10.1002/ajb2.16359

Giraldo-Kalil, L. J., J. Campo, H. Paz, and J. Núñez-Farfán. 2022. Patterns of leaf trait variation underlie ecological differences among sympatric tree species of Damburneya in a tropical rainforest. American Journal of Botany 109(9): 1394–1409. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajb2.16056

In the Supporting Information of our article, we accidentally included the table of Appendix S6 twice and omitted the table of Appendix S5. The complete supporting information is now available.

We have taken this opportunity to correct two typing errors in the Materials and Methods section. In the description of the study site, the “San Martín Tuxtla volcano” was incompletely written as “San Martín volcano.”

In the same paragraph, we described that temperature reduces with increasing elevations; however, when we provided further detail in parentheses, we mistakenly assigned temperature ranges to their corresponding elevations by writing 1100 m a.s.l. when referring to 100 m a.s.l., and vice versa. This should have read: “With increasing altitude, the mean annual temperature decreases (from 23–24°C at 100 m a.s.l. to 20–21°C at 1100 m a.s.l.).”

We apologize for these errors–The Authors.

Giraldo-Kalil, L. J., J. Campo, H. Paz, and J. Núñez-Farfán.2022.叶片性状变异模式是热带雨林 Damburneya 同域树种生态差异的基础。American Journal of Botany 109(9)：1394-1409. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajb2.16056In 文章的佐证信息中，我们不小心两次包含了附录 S6 的表格，而省略了附录 S5 的表格。我们借此机会更正了 "材料与方法 "部分的两处打字错误。在研究地点的描述中，"San Martín Tuxtla 火山 "没有完整地写成 "San Martín volcano"。在同一段中，我们描述了温度随着海拔的升高而降低；然而，当我们在括号中提供进一步细节时，我们错误地将温度范围与相应的海拔高度对应起来，在提到海拔 100 米时写成了海拔 1100 米，反之亦然。应改为"随着海拔的升高，年平均气温下降（从海拔 100 米处的 23-24°C 降至海拔 1100 米处的 20-21°C）"，我们对这些错误表示歉意--作者。

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引用次数: 0

Phylogenomics of Brachystegia: Insights into the origin of African miombo woodlands Brachystegia 的系统发生组学：非洲沼泽林地起源的启示。

IF 2.4 2区生物学 Q1 Agricultural and Biological Sciences

American Journal of Botany

Pub Date : 2024-06-09 DOI: 10.1002/ajb2.16352

Arthur F. Boom, Jérémy Migliore, Dario I. Ojeda Alayon, Esra Kaymak, Olivier J. Hardy

Premise

Phylogenetic approaches can provide valuable insights on how and when a biome emerged and developed using its structuring species. In this context, Brachystegia Benth, a dominant genus of trees in miombo woodlands, appears as a key witness of the history of the largest woodland and savanna biome of Africa.

Methods

We reconstructed the evolutionary history of the genus using targeted-enrichment sequencing on 60 Brachystegia specimens for a nearly complete species sampling. Phylogenomic inferences used supermatrix (RAxML-NG) and summary-method (ASTRAL-III) approaches. Conflicts between species and gene trees were assessed, and the phylogeny was time-calibrated in BEAST. Introgression between species was explored using Phylonet.

Results

The phylogenies were globally congruent regardless of the method used. Most of the species were recovered as monophyletic, unlike previous plastid phylogenetic reconstructions where lineages were shared among geographically close individuals independently of species identity. Still, most of the individual gene trees had low levels of phylogenetic information and, when informative, were mostly in conflict with the reconstructed species trees. These results suggest incomplete lineage sorting and/or reticulate evolution, which was supported by network analyses. The BEAST analysis supported a Pliocene origin for current Brachystegia lineages, with most of the diversification events dated to the Pliocene-Pleistocene.

Conclusions

These results suggest a recent origin of species of the miombo, congruently with their spatial expansion documented from plastid data. Brachystegia species appear to behave potentially as a syngameon, a group of interfertile but still relatively well-delineated species, an aspect that deserves further investigations.

前提：系统发生学方法可以提供宝贵的见解，利用生物群落的结构物种来了解生物群落是如何以及何时出现和发展的。在这种情况下，Brachystegia Benth（米翁博林地的主要树属）似乎是非洲最大的林地和热带稀树草原生物群落历史的重要见证：方法：我们对 60 个 Brachystegia 标本进行了定向富集测序，以获得几乎完整的物种样本，从而重建了该属的进化史。系统发生组推断使用了超矩阵（RAxML-NG）和摘要方法（ASTRAL-III）。评估了物种树和基因树之间的冲突，并在 BEAST 中对系统发生进行了时间校准。使用 Phylonet 对物种间的进化进行了探讨：结果：无论使用哪种方法，系统发生都是全局一致的。大多数物种被恢复为单系，这与之前的质粒系统发育重建不同，在之前的系统发育重建中，地理位置相近的个体之间共享系谱，而与物种身份无关。不过，大多数个体基因树的系统发育信息水平较低，即使有信息，也大多与重建的物种树相冲突。这些结果表明世系分类不完整和/或网状进化，网络分析也支持这一观点。BEAST分析支持目前的Brachystegia种系起源于上新世，大部分的分化事件发生在上新世-更新世：这些结果表明，黍属物种起源于近期，这与质粒数据所记录的它们的空间扩展一致。Brachystegia物种似乎有可能表现为一个syngameon，即一组相互交配但仍相对界限分明的物种，这一点值得进一步研究。

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引用次数: 0

Insect herbivory on woody broadleaf seedlings along a subtropical elevational gradient supports the resource concentration hypothesis 昆虫对亚热带海拔梯度上木本阔叶树苗的食草作用支持了资源集中假说。

IF 2.4 2区生物学 Q1 Agricultural and Biological Sciences

American Journal of Botany

Pub Date : 2024-06-03 DOI: 10.1002/ajb2.16355

Xiaoran Wang, Lin Chen, Hongwei Zhang, Pengcheng Liu, Xiaofan Shang, Fang Wang, Zhaochen Zhang, Jingchao Zhao, Mufan Sun, Junhong Chen, Jian Zhang

Premise

Theories of plant–herbivore interactions hold that seedlings are more vulnerable to herbivory in warmer and more stable climates at lower elevations. Hypotheses of plant apparency, resource concentration, and resource availability have been proposed to explain variability in leaf herbivory. However, seasonal differences in the effects of these hypotheses on leaf herbivory on seedlings remain unclear.

Methods

We evaluated the three herbivory hypotheses by comparing the percentage and frequency of leaf herbivory in understory broadleaf seedlings in a subtropical forest in May (spring) and October (autumn) along an elevational gradient (290–1370 m a.s.l.). In total, we measured 2890 leaves across 696 seedlings belonging to 95 species and used beta regressions to test the effects of plant apparency (e.g., leaf area, seedling height), resource concentration (e.g., plant species diversity), and resource availability (e.g., canopy openness, soil available N and P) on leaf herbivory.

Results

Seedlings exhibited unimodal patterns of leaf herbivory along elevation, with drivers of leaf herbivory varying by the month. Variation in the frequency of leaf herbivory was best explained by the resource concentration hypothesis (e.g., plant species diversity) in both months, and herbivory was lower on seedlings in sites with higher plant diversity. Plant apparency hypothesis (e.g., leaf area, seedling height) was weakly supported only in spring, and the evidence for resource availability hypothesis (e.g., canopy openness, soil nutrients) was mixed.

Conclusions

This study supports the resource concentration hypothesis and reveals the importance of seasonal difference on understanding leaf herbivory patterns and the drivers of plant diversity in subtropical forests.

前提：植物与食草动物相互作用的理论认为，在海拔较低、气候温暖稳定的地区，幼苗更容易受到食草动物的侵害。有人提出了植物透明度、资源集中度和资源可用性等假说来解释叶片食草动物的变化。然而，这些假说对幼苗叶片草食性影响的季节性差异仍不清楚：我们通过比较亚热带森林中5月（春季）和10月（秋季）沿海拔梯度（海拔290-1370米）林下阔叶树苗的叶片草食性比例和频率，评估了三种草食性假说。我们总共测量了隶属于 95 个物种的 696 株幼苗的 2890 片叶子，并使用贝塔回归法检验了植物透明度（如叶面积、幼苗高度）、资源集中度（如植物物种多样性）和资源可用性（如树冠开阔度、土壤中可用的氮和磷）对叶片草食性的影响：结果：幼苗的叶片食草表现出随海拔高度而变化的单峰模式，叶片食草的驱动因素随月份而变化。资源集中假说（如植物物种多样性）能很好地解释两个月份叶片食草频率的变化，在植物多样性较高的地点，幼苗的食草量较低。植物透明度假说（如叶面积、幼苗高度）仅在春季得到微弱支持，资源可用性假说（如冠层开阔度、土壤养分）的证据不一：本研究支持资源集中假说，揭示了季节差异对理解亚热带森林叶片食草模式和植物多样性驱动因素的重要性。

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引用次数: 0

Evolutionary patterns of variations in chromosome counts and genome sizes show positive correlations with taxonomic diversity in tropical gingers 染色体数目和基因组大小变化的进化模式与热带龙胆属植物的分类多样性呈正相关。

IF 2.4 2区生物学 Q2 PLANT SCIENCES

American Journal of Botany

Pub Date : 2024-06-02 DOI: 10.1002/ajb2.16334

Aleena Xavier, Ritu Yadav, Vinita Gowda

Premise

Cytogenetic traits such as an organism's chromosome number and genome size are taxonomically critical as they are instrumental in defining angiosperm diversity. Variations in these traits can be traced to evolutionary processes such as polyploidization, although geographic variations across cytogenetic traits remain underexplored. In the pantropical monocot family Zingiberaceae (~1500 species), cytogenetic traits have been well documented; however, the role of these traits in shaping taxonomic diversity and biogeographic patterns of gingers is not known.

Methods

A time-calibrated Bayesian phylogenetic tree was constructed for 290 taxa covering three of the four subfamilies in Zingiberaceae. We tested models of chromosome number and genome size evolution within the family and whether lineage age, taxonomic diversity, and distributional range explain the variations in the cytogenetic traits. Tests were carried out at two taxonomic ranks: within Zingiberaceae and within genus Hedychium using correlations, generalized linear models and phylogenetic least square models.

Results

The most frequent changes in chromosome number within Zingiberaceae were noted to be demi-polyploidization and polyploidization (~57% of the time), followed by ascending dysploidy (~27%). The subfamily Zingiberoideae showed descending dysploidy at its base, while Alpinioideae showed polyploidization at its internal nodes. Although chromosome counts and genome sizes did not corroborate with each other, suggesting that they are not equivalent; higher chromosome number variations and higher genome size variations were associated with higher taxonomic diversity and wider biogeographic distribution.

Conclusions

Within Zingiberaceae, multiple incidences of polyploidization were discovered, and cytogenetic events appear to have reduced the genome sizes and increased taxonomic diversity, distributional ranges and invasiveness.

前言：生物的染色体数目和基因组大小等细胞遗传学特征在分类学上至关重要，因为它们有助于确定被子植物的多样性。这些性状的变异可追溯到多倍体化等进化过程，但细胞遗传性状的地理变异仍未得到充分探索。在泛热带单子叶植物银杏科（约有 1500 个物种）中，细胞遗传学性状已被详细记录；然而，这些性状在形成银杏分类多样性和生物地理格局中的作用尚不清楚：方法：我们为 290 个分类群构建了时间校准贝叶斯系统发生树，这些分类群涵盖了姜科四个亚科中的三个亚科。我们测试了该科内染色体数目和基因组大小的进化模型，以及世系年龄、分类多样性和分布范围是否能解释细胞遗传学特征的变化。利用相关性、广义线性模型和系统发育最小平方模型在两个分类等级上进行了测试：在真菌科内和Hedychium属内：结果表明：在真菌科植物中，染色体数目变化最频繁的是半多倍体化和多倍体化（约占 57%），其次是上升的非整倍性（约占 27%）。银杏亚科在其基部表现出下降的非整倍性，而高山植物亚科在其内部节点表现出多倍体化。虽然染色体数和基因组大小并不相互印证，表明二者并不等同；但染色体数变化越大，基因组大小变化越大，分类多样性越高，生物地理分布越广：结论：在银杏科植物中发现了多种多倍体化现象，细胞遗传事件似乎缩小了基因组大小，增加了分类多样性、分布范围和入侵性。

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引用次数: 0

The link between ancient whole-genome duplications and cold adaptations in the Caryophyllaceae 加里叶科古老的全基因组复制与寒冷适应性之间的联系。

IF 2.4 2区生物学 Q2 PLANT SCIENCES

American Journal of Botany

Pub Date : 2024-06-02 DOI: 10.1002/ajb2.16350

Keyi Feng, Joseph F. Walker, Hannah E. Marx, Ya Yang, Samuel F. Brockington, Michael J. Moore, Richard K. Rabeler, Stephen A. Smith

Premise

The Caryophyllaceae (the carnation family) have undergone multiple transitions into colder climates and convergence on cushion plant adaptation, indicating that they may provide a natural system for cold adaptation research. Previous research has suggested that putative ancient whole-genome duplications (WGDs) are correlated with niche shifts into colder climates across the Caryophyllales. Here, we explored the genomic changes potentially involved in one of these discovered shifts in the Caryophyllaceae.

Methods

We constructed a data set combining 26 newly generated transcriptomes with 45 published transcriptomes, including 11 cushion plant species across seven genera. With this data set, we inferred a dated phylogeny for the Caryophyllaceae and mapped ancient WGDs and gene duplications onto the phylogeny. We also examined functional groups enriched for gene duplications related to the climatic shift.

Results

The ASTRAL topology was mostly congruent with the current consensus of relationships within the family. We inferred 15 putative ancient WGDs in the family, including eight that have not been previously published. The oldest ancient WGD (ca. 64.4–56.7 million years ago), WGD1, was found to be associated with a shift into colder climates by previous research. Gene regions associated with ubiquitination were overrepresented in gene duplications retained after WGD1 and those convergently retained by cushion plants in Colobanthus and Eremogone, along with other functional annotations.

Conclusions

Gene family expansions induced by ancient WGDs may have contributed to the shifts to cold climatic niches in the Caryophyllaceae. Transcriptomic data are crucial resources that help unravel heterogeneity in deep-time evolutionary patterns in plants.

前提：石竹科（康乃馨属）经历了多次向寒冷气候的转变，并在缓冲植物适应性方面趋于一致，这表明石竹科可为寒冷适应性研究提供一个自然系统。以前的研究表明，推定的古老全基因组重复（WGDs）与石竹科植物向寒冷气候的生态位转移相关。在此，我们探讨了可能与所发现的加里叶科植物转变有关的基因组变化：我们构建了一个数据集，将 26 个新生成的转录组与 45 个已发表的转录组结合在一起，其中包括 7 个属中的 11 个垫状植物物种。通过该数据集，我们推断出了石竹科的年代系统发育，并将古老的WGD和基因重复映射到系统发育上。我们还研究了与气候转变相关的基因重复富集功能群：结果：ASTRAL拓扑结构与目前对该科内部关系的共识基本一致。我们在该科中推断出了 15 个推定的古代 WGD，其中包括 8 个以前未发表过的 WGD。最古老的古代 WGD（约 6440-5670 万年前），即 WGD1，在之前的研究中被发现与向寒冷气候的迁移有关。与泛素化相关的基因区域在 WGD1 之后保留的基因重复中以及在 Colobanthus 和 Eremogone 的垫状植物中保留的基因重复中都有较高的比例，同时还有其他功能注释：结论：古代 WGD 引起的基因家族扩展可能是加里叶科植物向寒冷气候壁龛转移的原因之一。转录组数据是有助于揭示植物深时演化模式异质性的重要资源。

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引用次数: 0

Utilizing a comparative approach to assess genome evolution during diploidization in Artemisia tridentata, a keystone species of western North America 利用比较方法评估北美西部重要物种三叉蒿二倍体化过程中的基因组进化。

IF 2.4 2区生物学 Q1 Agricultural and Biological Sciences

American Journal of Botany

Pub Date : 2024-06-02 DOI: 10.1002/ajb2.16353

Anthony E. Melton, Stephen J. Novak, Sven Buerki

Premise

Polyploidization is often followed by diploidization. Diploidization is generally studied using synthetic polyploid lines and/or crop plants, but rarely using extant diploids or nonmodel plants such as Artemisia tridentata. This threatened western North American keystone species has a large genome compared to congeneric Artemisia species; dominated by diploid and tetraploid cytotypes, with multiple origins of tetraploids with genome size reduction.

Methods

The genome of an A. tridentata sample was resequenced to study genome evolution and compared to that of A. annua, a diploid congener. Three diploid genomes of A. tridentata were compared to test for multiple diploidization events.

Results

The A. tridentata genome had many chromosomal rearrangements relative to that of A. annua, while large-scale synteny of A. tridentata chromosome 3 and A. annua chromosome 4 was conserved. The three A. tridentata genomes had similar sizes (4.19–4.2 Gbp), heterozygosity (2.24–2.25%), and sequence (98.73–99.15% similarity) across scaffolds, and in k-mer analyses, similar patterns of diploid heterozygous k-mers (AB = 41%, 47%, and 47%), triploid heterozygous k-mers (AAB = 18–21%), and tetraploid k-mers (AABB = 13–17%). Biallelic SNPs were evenly distributed across scaffolds for all individuals. Comparisons of transposable element (TE) content revealed differential enrichment of TE clades.

Conclusions

Our findings suggest population-level TE differentiation after a shared polyploidization-to-diploidization event(s) and exemplify the complex processes of genome evolution. This research approached provides new resources for exploration of abiotic stress response, especially the roles of TEs in response pathways.

前提：多倍体化之后往往会出现二倍体化。二倍体化通常使用合成的多倍体品系和/或作物植物进行研究，但很少使用现存的二倍体或非模式植物（如三叉蒿）进行研究。与同属的蒿属物种相比，这种濒临灭绝的北美西部关键物种的基因组很大；以二倍体和四倍体细胞型为主，四倍体有多个起源，基因组体积缩小：三叉蒿样本的基因组被重新测序，以研究基因组进化，并与二倍体同种蒿属植物 annua 的基因组进行比较。三叉蓟马的三个二倍体基因组进行了比较，以检验是否存在多次二倍体化事件：三叉戟属基因组与琥珀属基因组相比有许多染色体重排，而三叉戟属第 3 号染色体与琥珀属第 4 号染色体的大规模同源关系保持不变。三叉戟属的三个基因组具有相似的大小（4.19-4.2 Gbp）、杂合度（2.24-2.25%）和序列（98.73-99.在 k-聚合体分析中，二倍体杂合 k-聚合体（AB = 41%、47% 和 47%）、三倍体杂合 k-聚合体（AAB = 18-21%）和四倍体 k-聚合体（AABB = 13-17%）的模式相似。）所有个体的双唇 SNP 在支架上均匀分布。对转座元件（TE）含量的比较显示，TE 支系的富集程度不同：我们的研究结果表明，在经历了从多倍体化到二倍体化的共同过程后，种群水平上的TE发生了分化，并体现了基因组进化的复杂过程。这种研究方法为探索非生物胁迫响应，特别是 TE 在响应途径中的作用提供了新的资源。

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引用次数: 0

Support for Baker's law: Facultative self-fertilization ability decreases pollen limitation in experimental colonization 支持贝克定律：兼性自花授粉能力会降低实验定殖中的花粉限制。

IF 2.4 2区生物学 Q1 Agricultural and Biological Sciences

American Journal of Botany

Pub Date : 2024-05-29 DOI: 10.1002/ajb2.16351

Hanna Makowski, Keric Lamb, Laura F. Galloway

Premise

The ability to self-fertilize is predicted to provide an advantage in colonization because a single individual can reproduce and establish a next generation in a new location regardless of the density of mates. While there is theoretical and correlative support for this idea, the strength of mate limitation as a selective agent has not yet been delineated from other factors that can also select for self-fertilization in colonization of new habitats. We used known mating-system variation in the American bellflower (Campanula americana) to explore how plants’ ability to self-fertilize can mitigate density-dependent reproduction and impact colonization success.

Methods

We created experimental populations of single individuals or a small number of plants to emulate isolated colonization events. These populations were composed of plants that differed in their ability to self-fertilize. We compared pollen limitation of the single individuals to that of small populations.

Results

Experimental populations of plants that readily self-fertilize produced consistent seed numbers regardless of population size, whereas plants with lower ability to self-fertilize had density-dependent reproduction with greater seed production in small populations than in populations composed of a single individual.

Conclusions

We experimentally isolated the effect of mate limitation in colonization and found that it can select for increased self-fertilization. We show the benefit of self-fertilization in colonization, which helps to explain geographic patterns of self-fertilization and shows support for Baker's law, a long-held hypothesis in the field of mating-system evolution.

前言：自交能力被认为在殖民化过程中具有优势，因为无论配偶密度如何，单个个体都能在新地点繁殖并建立下一代。虽然这一观点在理论上和相关性上都得到了支持，但在新栖息地的殖民化过程中，配偶限制作为一种选择性因素的强度尚未与其他也能选择自交的因素相区分。我们利用美国铃兰（Campanula americana）已知的交配系统变异来探讨植物的自交能力如何减轻密度依赖性繁殖并影响殖民成功率：我们创建了由单个个体或少量植株组成的实验种群，以模拟孤立的殖民事件。这些种群由自交能力不同的植物组成。我们比较了单个个体和小群体的花粉限制：结果：无论种群大小如何，容易自花授粉的植物实验种群都能产生一致的种子数量，而自花授粉能力较低的植物则具有密度依赖性繁殖，在小种群中的种子产量要高于由单个个体组成的种群：我们在实验中分离出了配偶限制在定殖中的影响，并发现配偶限制可以选择增加自交能力。我们展示了自交在殖民化过程中的益处，这有助于解释自交的地理模式，并显示了对贝克定律的支持，贝克定律是交配系统进化领域的一个长期假说。

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引用次数: 0