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Optometrists’ perspectives on speciality programme development in South Africa 南非验光师对专业课程发展的看法
Pub Date : 2024-07-09 DOI: 10.4102/aveh.v83i1.910
Nashua Naicker, A. Munsamy
Background: South Africa (SA) has postgraduate research-based master’s and doctorate qualifications in optometry with no clinical coursework qualifications in special interest fields. As a result, it hinders professional growth and career path for optometrists and further limits patients’ access to various care pathways from would-be upskilled optometrists.Aim: To explore optometrists’ perspectives on postgraduate programme development in special interest fields of optometry for SA.Setting: Study population of practicing optometrists registered with the Health Professions Council of South Africa (HPCSA).Methods: A quantitative cross-sectional descriptive design was employed, utilising an online questionnaire developed with the Evasys survey system v8.2. Non-probability sampling was used to access eligible participants.Results: From 424 survey responses, 83.5% had undergraduate qualifications and 95.5% worked in patient-facing environments. Participants responded positively (88%) to this need for educational expansion. Educational needs in Ocular Disease (75.6%), Paediatric Optometry (66.4%), Binocular Vision (65.1%) and sub-specialties of myopia control (41.2%) and Specialised Contact Lens Fitting (31%) were reported. With combined ‘highly important’ and ‘likely important’ responses, participants indicated that obtaining professional recognition (94.9%) and to improve patient care (98.8%) were the main drivers for pursuing additional education and training.Conclusion: A notable demand was found for coursework postgraduate programmes by the study populations from which professional recognition can be awarded in various special interest fields of optometry. The benefit of improved patient care from upskilled optometrists was expressed.Contribution: The findings would contribute towards the development of a conceptual framework for postgraduate education and training for optometrists in SA.
背景:南非拥有以研究为基础的验光硕士和博士研究生资格,但没有特殊兴趣领域的临床课程资格。因此,这阻碍了验光师的专业发展和职业道路,并进一步限制了患者从可能获得技能提升的验光师那里获得各种护理途径:研究对象:在南非卫生职业委员会(HPCSA)注册的执业验光师:采用定量横截面描述性设计,利用 Evasys 调查系统 v8.2 编制在线问卷。对符合条件的参与者进行了非概率抽样调查:在 424 份调查回复中,83.5% 的人拥有大学本科学历,95.5% 的人在面向患者的环境中工作。参与者(88%)对扩大教育的需求做出了积极回应。眼科疾病(75.6%)、儿童验光配镜(66.4%)、双眼视觉(65.1%)以及近视控制(41.2%)和专业隐形眼镜验配(31%)等子专业的教育需求均有报告。通过 "非常重要 "和 "可能重要 "的综合回答,参与者表示,获得专业认可(94.9%)和改善患者护理(98.8%)是他们接受更多教育和培训的主要动力:结论:研究发现,研究对象对课程式研究生课程有明显的需求,通过这些课程可以在验光配镜的各个特殊兴趣领域获得专业认可。贡献:研究结果将有助于发展眼科视光专业的发展:贡献:研究结果将有助于南澳大利亚视光师研究生教育和培训概念框架的发展。
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引用次数: 0
Pathophysiology of dry eye disease and novel therapeutic agents 干眼症的病理生理学和新型治疗药物
Pub Date : 2024-06-12 DOI: 10.4102/aveh.v83i1.874
S. Mathebula, L. Mmusi-Landela
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引用次数: 0
Impact of spectacle wear on the quality of life of learners with hearing impairment in Ghana 佩戴眼镜对加纳听障学生生活质量的影响
Pub Date : 2024-05-23 DOI: 10.4102/aveh.v83i1.875
M. Kwarteng, Kathutshelo P. Mashige, S. Kyei, P. Govender-Poonsamy, Daniel Sunkwa Quarcoo Dogbe
Background: Visual impairment significantly affects learners with hearing impairment.Aim: To assess the impact of spectacle wear on the quality of life (QoL) of learners with hearing impairment in Ghana.Setting: Six schools for the deaf in Ghana.Methods: A prospective case-control study design was used to assess the QoL among learners with uncorrected refractive error (URE) using the quality-of-life impact of refractive correction (QIRC) questionnaire before and after the provision of spectacles.Results: A total of 138 learners were enrolled in this study, with 69 learners in both the intervention and control groups, respectively. The mean QIRC score improved significantly for the intervention group: QIRC score before = 43.89 ± 8.96 vs. after = 48.82 ± 6.71 (P  0.05 and Cohen’s d = 0.62) but not the control group: QIRC score before = 50.79 ± 11.66 and 51.77 ± 10.67 (P = 0.607). Among the learners provided with spectacles, those who did not comply with spectacle wear had significant differences (P  0.05) in mean QIRC scores before and after the intervention. Only visual acuity (VA) and the magnitude of prescription with QIRC scores after intervention had a significant relationship (P  0.05).Conclusion: Uncorrected refractive error affected the QoL of learners with hearing impairment, and spectacle correction significantly improved their QoL.Contribution: The use of spectacle lenses, VA and magnitude of prescription affected the QoL scores; however, sex and age did not influence the QoL scores.
背景:视力障碍对听力障碍学生的影响很大:目的:评估佩戴眼镜对加纳听障学生生活质量(QoL)的影响:环境:加纳六所聋哑学校:方法:采用前瞻性病例对照研究设计,使用屈光矫正对生活质量的影响(QIRC)问卷,评估未矫正屈光不正(URE)学生在配戴眼镜前后的生活质量:共有 138 名学生参加了这项研究,干预组和对照组分别有 69 名学生。干预组的 QIRC 平均得分明显提高:QIRC 评分前 = 43.89 ± 8.96 vs. 后 = 48.82 ± 6.71(P 0.05,Cohen's d = 0.62),但对照组没有明显改善:QIRC 评分前 = 50.79 ± 11.66 和后 = 51.77 ± 10.67(P = 0.607)。在配戴了眼镜的学习者中,那些没有坚持配戴眼镜的学习者在干预前后的 QIRC 平均得分有显著差异(P 0.05)。只有视力(VA)和度数的大小与干预后的 QIRC 分数有显著关系(P 0.05):结论:未矫正的屈光不正影响听障学习者的 QoL,而眼镜矫正能显著改善他们的 QoL:贡献:眼镜片的使用、视力和度数对 QoL 分数有影响,但性别和年龄对 QoL 分数没有影响。
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引用次数: 0
Clinical characteristics and associated factors of diabetic retinopathy in Sudanese patients 苏丹患者糖尿病视网膜病变的临床特征和相关因素
Pub Date : 2024-05-23 DOI: 10.4102/aveh.v83i1.913
Nuha M. Muhjoub, Saif H. Alrasheed, Yazan Gammoh, Abdelaziz M. Elmadina
Background: Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a leading cause of vision loss and preventable blindness, particularly in middle- and high-income countries.Aim: This study aimed to assess the characteristics and associated factors of DR in Sudanese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM).Setting: A cross-sectional hospital-based study included 119 patients with type 2 DM was conducted at EL-Walidain Eye Hospital, Khartoum, Sudan, from February 2021 to May 2021.Methods: A non-mydriatic digital fundus camera was used for fundus photography, and Scottish Diabetic Retinopathy Grading Scheme was used for the final classification of DR.Results: Females comprised 53.8% of patients, mean age of 58.8 ± 8.5 years. Uncontrolled DM was found in 37.8% with a mean duration of 10.5 ± 4.8 years. Myopia was the most common refractive error found in 57.8% of the uncontrolled group, followed by emmetropia (17.8%). Whereas in the controlled group, 47.3% were hyperopic and 39.2% were myopic. Maculopathy grade M1 was found to be 37.8% in the uncontrolled group and 18.9% in the controlled group, with no significant difference (p = 0.361). Conversely, the difference in retinopathy between the two groups was statistically significant (p = 0.043).Conclusion: Decreased vision and increased retinopathy were associated with an increase in patients’ age. More widespread diabetes awareness and screening programmes to improve diabetes management and control in Sudan and other developing countries.Contribution: This study observed maculopathy grade M1 and myopia were more common in uncontrolled DM, and vision function was inversely correlated with age (p  0.05).
背景:糖尿病视网膜病变(DR)是视力丧失和可预防性失明的主要原因,尤其是在中等收入和高收入国家。目的:本研究旨在评估苏丹2型糖尿病(DM)患者中DR的特征和相关因素:方法:对苏丹喀土穆 EL-Walidain 眼科医院的 119 名 2 型糖尿病(DM)患者进行非眼球屈光数字眼底检查:使用非眼球震颤数字眼底照相机进行眼底摄影,并使用苏格兰糖尿病视网膜病变分级方案对 DR 进行最终分类:女性患者占 53.8%,平均年龄为 58.8 ± 8.5 岁。未控制的糖尿病患者占 37.8%,平均病程(10.5 ± 4.8)年。在未控制组中,57.8%的患者最常见的屈光不正是近视,其次是散光(17.8%)。而在控制组中,47.3%为远视,39.2%为近视。黄斑病变 M1 级在未控制组中占 37.8%,在控制组中占 18.9%,差异不显著(P = 0.361)。相反,两组视网膜病变的差异有统计学意义(p = 0.043):结论:视力下降和视网膜病变增加与患者年龄增加有关。苏丹和其他发展中国家需要更广泛的糖尿病宣传和筛查计划,以改善糖尿病管理和控制:本研究观察到,M1 级黄斑病变和近视在未得到控制的糖尿病患者中更为常见,视力功能与年龄成反比(P 0.05)。
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引用次数: 0
Refractive error accuracy and user perceptions of a smartphone home-based tester 智能手机家用测试仪的屈光误差准确度和用户感知
Pub Date : 2024-05-10 DOI: 10.4102/aveh.v83i1.902
Lungile M. Buthelezi, Tsatsawani N. Hlungwani, Gcinile P. Mbuli, S’bahle S. Mthembu, Pallo Nteke, Thuli Sindane, Siyathemba A. Skam
Background: Uncorrected refractive error accounts for nearly half of the global burden of vision impairment. The EyeQue personal vision tracker (EPVT) was created as a convenient smartphone refractometer to be used at home and order spectacles online thereafter. However, its accuracy in diagnosing refractive error has not been fully established.Aim: This study aimed to determine the accuracy of the EPVT in measurement of refractive error and determine user perception on device use.Setting: University of KwaZulu-Natal optometry clinic, Westville campus.Methods: This was a comparative cross-sectional study using a double-blind design. Objective, non-cycloplegic refraction testing results using the EPVT were compared with gold standard ophthalmic subjective refraction (SR). Both eyes were considered for the analysis with comparisons being made between EPVT and gold subjective standard refraction for each eye. User perception was evaluated by means of a structured questionnaire.Results: The mean spherical equivalent refractive error was –0.18 ± 0.70 dioptre (D) and –1.12 ± 2.79 D for the gold standard ophthalmic SR and EPVT, respectively, with significant differences in visual acuities yielded by the two methods (p = 0.000). Participants preferred gold standard refraction testing over the EPVT.Conclusion: The EPVT was not accurate in measuring refractive error; therefore, the resultant prescription from EPVT alone should not be used to order spectacles. However, this digital tool presents promise as an autorefractor for screening refractive error rather than as a diagnostic device.Contribution: This study offered valuable insights into the prospective utility of home-based, self-administered smartphone refractive error testers as a tool for screening of refractive error. The study also provided cautions to the EPVTs limitations related to accuracy and limited ocular health assessment, which have broader implications for visual health and quality.
背景:未矫正的屈光不正占全球视力损伤的近一半。EyeQue 个人视力跟踪器(EPVT)是一款方便的智能手机屈光仪,可在家中使用,之后可在网上订购眼镜。目的:本研究旨在确定EPVT测量屈光不正的准确性,并确定用户对设备使用的看法:地点:夸祖鲁-纳塔尔大学韦斯特维尔校区验光诊所:这是一项采用双盲设计的横断面比较研究。使用 EPVT 进行的客观、非环视屈光测试结果与金标准眼科主观屈光(SR)进行了比较。分析时考虑了双眼,对每只眼睛的 EPVT 和金标准主观屈光度进行比较。通过结构化问卷对用户感知进行评估:金标准眼科 SR 和 EPVT 的平均球面等效屈光度分别为 -0.18 ± 0.70 D 和 -1.12 ± 2.79 D,两种方法得出的视力有显著差异(p = 0.000)。与 EPVT 相比,参与者更喜欢金标准屈光测试:结论:EPVT 在测量屈光不正方面并不准确;因此,不应仅根据 EPVT 得出的处方来配眼镜。然而,这种数字工具作为一种自动折射仪,有望用于筛查屈光不正,而不是作为一种诊断设备:本研究为家庭自控智能手机屈光不正测试仪作为屈光不正筛查工具的前景提供了宝贵的见解。该研究还提醒人们注意 EPVT 在准确性和有限的眼部健康评估方面的局限性,这对视觉健康和视觉质量具有更广泛的影响。
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引用次数: 0
Evaluation of mucin changes between daily and extended wear silicone hydrogel contact lenses 评估日抛型和延展型硅水凝胶隐形眼镜的粘蛋白变化
Pub Date : 2024-04-16 DOI: 10.4102/aveh.v83i1.884
Rio Rhendy, Tri Rahayu, L. Edwar, Mohamad Sadikin, A. Kekalih
Background: Initially, contact lenses were recommended only for daily wear because of infection and discomfort concerns. With rising demand, particularly for overnight use, extended wear lenses have gained significance. Despite concerns, intensive development of materials like Lotrafilcon B aims to meet this demand, focusing on comfort and safety.Aim: This study aimed to evaluate the mucin quantity and quality changes between daily and extended wear (Lotrafilcon B), impacting eye health and comfort.Setting: The study was conducted at Kirana Eye Center, Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia.Methods: This study was a single-blinded randomised clinical trial with two parallel groups. Forty (40) eligible subjects willingly participated. Mucin 5AC (MUC5AC) and Ferning-type tests were conducted. The 40 subjects with moderate myopia were then divided into a daily wear and an extended wear group. The MUC5AC test was performed at pre-fitting and at 4 weeks, whereas the Ferning-type tests were taken at pre-fitting and 1st and 4th weeks.Results: For both groups, there was a significant increase in MUC5AC levels from pre-fitting to week four, but with no significant difference between them in final MUC5AC levels. Additionally, the comparison of eyes with normal and abnormal Ferning-types between the two groups showed no significant differences at pre-fitting, 1st and 4th weeks.Conclusion: There is no significant difference in MUC5AC levels with the use of daily or extended wear (with Lotrafilcon B).Contribution: This study compares the impact of daily and extended wear Lotrafilcon B contact lenses on eye health and comfort in moderate myopia patients.
背景:最初,出于感染和不适的考虑,隐形眼镜只被推荐用于日戴。随着需求的增加,尤其是对过夜隐形眼镜需求的增加,长时间配戴隐形眼镜变得越来越重要。目的:本研究旨在评估日抛型和延时型隐形眼镜(Lotrafilcon B)之间粘蛋白数量和质量的变化对眼睛健康和舒适度的影响:研究在印度尼西亚雅加达 Cipto Mangunkusumo 医院的 Kirana 眼科中心进行:这项研究是一项单盲随机临床试验,分为两个平行组。40名符合条件的受试者自愿参加。进行了粘蛋白 5AC (MUC5AC) 和费宁型测试。然后,40 名中度近视受试者被分为每日配戴组和长期配戴组。MUC5AC 测试在配戴前和配戴 4 周时进行,而 Ferning 型测试则在配戴前、配戴第 1 周和第 4 周时进行:结果:两组的 MUC5AC 含量从配戴前到第四周都有显著增加,但最终的 MUC5AC 含量没有明显差异。此外,对比两组正常和异常Ferning-type的眼睛,发现在配戴前、第1周和第4周没有明显差异:结论:每日佩戴或长期佩戴(使用 Lotrafilcon B)对 MUC5AC 水平没有明显影响:本研究比较了中度近视患者每日配戴和长期配戴 Lotrafilcon B 隐形眼镜对眼睛健康和舒适度的影响。
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引用次数: 0
Evaluation of convergence, accommodation and fusional vergence in pre-presbyopes with asthenopia 对患有散光的先期老花眼患者的辐辏、调节和融合性辐辏进行评估
Pub Date : 2024-04-16 DOI: 10.4102/aveh.v83i1.863
S. Alrasheed, Saeed Aljohani
Background: Pre-presbyopes may suffer from ocular symptoms such as asthenopia of near work.Aim: This study aimed to evaluate near points of convergence, amplitudes of accommodation, and fusional vergence among pre-presbyopes with asthenopia symptoms.Setting: The study was conducted at El-Walidain Eye Hospital, Khartoum, Sudan in 2022.Methods: The study was a hospital-based prospective, including 107 pre-presbyopes aged 35–40 years who complained of asthenopia symptoms. Clinical examinations included an assessment of amplitude of accommodation, near point of convergence and fusional vergence.Results: The findings showed receded in near points of convergence and a decrease in the accommodation was highly significantly associated with increased age among emerging presbyopes with asthenopia symptoms (p = 0.0001). Conversely, positive and negative fusional vergence amplitudes were not significantly correlated with age with p = 0.109 and p = 0.355, respectively. Positive and negative fusional amplitudes were not significantly different between males and females (p ˃ 0.05). Esophoria was more common in pre-presbyopia 62 (57.4%) and exophoria 45 (43.6) with p = 0.503.Conclusion: The pre-presbyopes presented with low accommodation amplitude and receded near point of convergence, but without significant changes in positive and negative fusional vergence amplitudes.Contribution: This study added by demonstrating how early presbyopia altered accommodation amplitude and near point of convergence significantly while having no significant impact on amplitudes of positive and negative fusional vergence.
背景:目的:本研究旨在评估有散光症状的老花眼前期患者的近距离辐辏点、调节幅度和融合辐辏:研究于 2022 年在苏丹喀土穆的 El-Walidain 眼科医院进行:该研究是一项以医院为基础的前瞻性研究,包括 107 名年龄在 35-40 岁之间、主诉有散光症状的老花眼前期患者。临床检查包括评估调节幅度、近点辐辏和融合辐辏:结果:研究结果表明,在出现散光症状的新老花眼患者中,近点辐辏后退和调节力下降与年龄增长有很大关系(p = 0.0001)。相反,正向和负向融合辐辏振幅与年龄的相关性不明显,分别为 p = 0.109 和 p = 0.355。男性和女性的正性和负性融合振幅没有明显差异(p ˃0.05)。结论:老花眼前期更常见的是内视 62 人(57.4%)和外视 45 人(43.6%),p = 0.503:结论:老花眼前期患者的调节幅度较低,在辐辏点附近后退,但正向和负向融合辐辏幅度没有显著变化:本研究通过证明早期老花眼如何显著改变调节振幅和近辐辏点,而对正性和负性融合辐辏振幅无显著影响,为本研究增添了新的内容。
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引用次数: 0
Loss of function of the meibomian glands among HIV and AIDS individuals undergoing antiretroviral therapy 接受抗逆转录病毒疗法的艾滋病毒感染者和艾滋病患者的睑板腺功能丧失
Pub Date : 2024-04-11 DOI: 10.4102/aveh.v83i1.866
S. Mathebula, Mologadi D. Ntsoane
Background: Meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) is one of the most encountered diseases in the clinical practice but appears to be underappreciated as it does not cause blindness. Meibomian gland dysfunction is a multifactorial and complex disorder of the ocular surface.Aim: This study aims to evaluate the characteristics of the meibomian glands in individuals living with HIV and AIDS undergoing antiretroviral therapy.Setting: The study was conducted at the antiretroviral (ARV) clinic, Mankweng Hospital.Methods: This was a prospective study conducted with 37 HIV and AIDS participants and 20 healthy controls. All participants were assessed using the Ocular Surface Diseases Index (OSDI) score and, tear break-up time and lid margin regularity (using the slit-lamp biomicroscopy). The loss of the meibomian glands was evaluated using the Marx’s line. For this study, this line represented a clinical parameter of meibomian function.Results: The OSDI score was significantly higher in the HIV and AIDS group than that of the control participants (39.95 ± 18.65 and 13.00 ± 9.09, respectively, P  0.05). The tear breakup time (TBUT) for the HIV and AIDS study group was lower than that of the control group (7.95 ± 3.54 and 9.90 ± 3.70, respectively, P  0.05). The HIV and AIDS participants showed greater meibomian gland loss relative to the healthy controls (9.30 ± 4.97 and 5.70 ± 2.1, P  0.05).Conclusion: The loss of eyelid meibomian glands is common in people living with HIV and AIDS in comparison with healthy controls.Contribution: Although there is a decrease in sight-threatening complications in the era of ARVs, ocular surface disorders (OSD) are still commonly found, which may reduce the quality of life of HIV and AIDS individuals.
背景:睑板腺功能障碍(MGD)是临床上最常见的疾病之一,但由于它不会导致失明,因此似乎未得到足够重视。目的:本研究旨在评估接受抗逆转录病毒治疗的艾滋病病毒感染者和艾滋病患者的睑板腺特征:研究在 Mankweng 医院的抗逆转录病毒(ARV)诊所进行:这是一项前瞻性研究,共有 37 名艾滋病患者和 20 名健康对照者参加。使用眼表疾病指数(OSDI)评分、泪液破裂时间和睑缘规则性(使用裂隙灯生物显微镜)对所有参与者进行了评估。使用马克思线评估睑板腺的损失。在本研究中,该线代表了睑板腺功能的临床参数:结果:艾滋病病毒感染者和艾滋病患者组的 OSDI 评分明显高于对照组(分别为 39.95 ± 18.65 和 13.00 ± 9.09,P 0.05)。艾滋病病毒感染者和艾滋病患者研究组的泪液破裂时间(TBUT)低于对照组(分别为 7.95 ± 3.54 和 9.90 ± 3.70,P 0.05)。与健康对照组相比,HIV 感染者和艾滋病患者的睑板腺损失更大(分别为 9.30 ± 4.97 和 5.70 ± 2.1,P 0.05):结论:与健康对照组相比,艾滋病病毒感染者和艾滋病患者眼睑睑板腺脱落的现象很普遍:贡献:虽然在抗逆转录病毒药物时代,威胁视力的并发症有所减少,但眼表疾病(OSD)仍很常见,这可能会降低艾滋病病毒感染者和艾滋病患者的生活质量。
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引用次数: 0
Heterophoria, fusional vergence, and near point of convergence in Sudanese hospital-based population 苏丹医院人群中的异视角、假性辐辏和近会聚点
Pub Date : 2024-02-05 DOI: 10.4102/aveh.v83i1.869
S. Alrasheed, Sulaiman Aldakhil
Background: Fusional vergence amplitude is the amount of convergence and divergence that can be induced before fusion is lost and fusional vergence amplitude controls heterophoria.Aim: This study aimed to investigate the relationship between near heterophoria, near fusional vergence (NFV), and near point of convergence (NPC).Setting: Al-Neelain Eye Hospital Khartoum, Sudan.Methods: A hospital-based prospective study from February to October 2019, included 230 patients with age range of 15–30 years and mean age and standard deviation of 19.46 ± 3.33 years. The alternate cover test with prism was used to measure near heterophoria and a prism bar was used to measure quantity of fusional vergence. All measurements were taken at near heterophoria (0.33 m). Then the associations between near heterophoria, NFV and NPC were assessed.Results: The most common heterophoria at near among the participants was exophoria: 200 (87.0%). Reported complaints of asthenopia were commonly found among these exophoric patients: 106 (86.9%) (P = 0.735). Positive fusional vergence (PFV) to the break point varied according to the forms of heterophoria (P = 0.003). Esophoria had a higher PFV to break point than exophoria (30.83 ± 8.79Δ compared to 25.59 ± 10.07Δ). Negative fusional vergence at the break and recovery points were higher among those with exophoria and lower in esophoria (P ˃ 0.05). The NPC differed by the type of heterophoria (P = 0.01), with exophoria and slightly receded NPC (8.38 cm ± 3.33 cm) than for participants with esophoria (6.77 cm ± 1.52 cm).Conclusions: Exophoria was the most common type of near heterophoria, with asthenopia being the most reported complaint. Esophoria was found to be strongly associated with high PFV. Exophoria, on the contrary, is related to significant high NFV at the blur, beak, and recovery point. The NPC differed significantly by the type of near heterophoria, with exophoria having more receded NPC compared to those with esophoria.Contribution: This study provides information on the commonest type of near heterophorias among a sample of Sudanese adolescents and young adults, namely exophoria. Near point of convergence and NFV at break and recovery points were significantly different according to forms of near heterophoria.
背景:融合辐辏振幅是融合消失前可引起的辐辏和发散量,融合辐辏振幅控制着异视:地点:苏丹喀土穆 Al-Neelain 眼科医院:这是一项基于医院的前瞻性研究,时间为 2019 年 2 月至 10 月,共纳入 230 名患者,年龄范围为 15-30 岁,平均年龄和标准差为 19.46 ± 3.33 岁。使用棱镜交替遮盖试验测量近异视,使用棱镜杆测量融合辐辏量。所有测量均在近异视(0.33 米)处进行。然后评估了近异视、NFV 和 NPC 之间的关联:结果:参与者中最常见的近距离异视是外斜视:200 人(87.0%)。在这些外斜视患者中,报告的散光主诉很常见:106 (86.9%) (P = 0.735).根据异视的不同形式,到断点的正融合辐辏(PFV)也不同(P = 0.003)。与外腭发音相比,内腭发音到断点的正融合辐辏(PFV)更高(30.83 ± 8.79Δ,而外腭发音为 25.59 ± 10.07Δ)。外咽炎患者在断点和恢复点的负融合辐辏较高,而内咽炎患者较低(P ˃ 0.05)。NPC因异咽症类型而异(P = 0.01),外咽症患者的NPC(8.38 cm ± 3.33 cm)比内咽症患者的NPC(6.77 cm ± 1.52 cm)略微后退:外眺望是最常见的近距离异视角类型,散光是报告最多的主诉。研究发现,内视与高 PFV 密切相关。相反,外视与模糊点、喙点和恢复点的显著高 NFV 有关。近异咽的类型不同,NPC 也有很大差异,与食道外翻的患者相比,食道外翻的患者 NPC 后退得更多:本研究提供了有关苏丹青少年中最常见的近异相类型,即外侧瞳孔畸形的信息。根据近异口畸形的不同形式,在断点和恢复点的近会聚点和 NFV 有显著差异。
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引用次数: 0
Heterophoria, fusional vergence, and near point of convergence in Sudanese hospital-based population 苏丹医院人群中的异视角、假性辐辏和近会聚点
Pub Date : 2024-02-05 DOI: 10.4102/aveh.v83i1.869
S. Alrasheed, Sulaiman Aldakhil
Background: Fusional vergence amplitude is the amount of convergence and divergence that can be induced before fusion is lost and fusional vergence amplitude controls heterophoria.Aim: This study aimed to investigate the relationship between near heterophoria, near fusional vergence (NFV), and near point of convergence (NPC).Setting: Al-Neelain Eye Hospital Khartoum, Sudan.Methods: A hospital-based prospective study from February to October 2019, included 230 patients with age range of 15–30 years and mean age and standard deviation of 19.46 ± 3.33 years. The alternate cover test with prism was used to measure near heterophoria and a prism bar was used to measure quantity of fusional vergence. All measurements were taken at near heterophoria (0.33 m). Then the associations between near heterophoria, NFV and NPC were assessed.Results: The most common heterophoria at near among the participants was exophoria: 200 (87.0%). Reported complaints of asthenopia were commonly found among these exophoric patients: 106 (86.9%) (P = 0.735). Positive fusional vergence (PFV) to the break point varied according to the forms of heterophoria (P = 0.003). Esophoria had a higher PFV to break point than exophoria (30.83 ± 8.79Δ compared to 25.59 ± 10.07Δ). Negative fusional vergence at the break and recovery points were higher among those with exophoria and lower in esophoria (P ˃ 0.05). The NPC differed by the type of heterophoria (P = 0.01), with exophoria and slightly receded NPC (8.38 cm ± 3.33 cm) than for participants with esophoria (6.77 cm ± 1.52 cm).Conclusions: Exophoria was the most common type of near heterophoria, with asthenopia being the most reported complaint. Esophoria was found to be strongly associated with high PFV. Exophoria, on the contrary, is related to significant high NFV at the blur, beak, and recovery point. The NPC differed significantly by the type of near heterophoria, with exophoria having more receded NPC compared to those with esophoria.Contribution: This study provides information on the commonest type of near heterophorias among a sample of Sudanese adolescents and young adults, namely exophoria. Near point of convergence and NFV at break and recovery points were significantly different according to forms of near heterophoria.
背景:融合辐辏振幅是融合消失前可引起的辐辏和发散量,融合辐辏振幅控制着异视:地点:苏丹喀土穆 Al-Neelain 眼科医院:这是一项基于医院的前瞻性研究,时间为 2019 年 2 月至 10 月,共纳入 230 名患者,年龄范围为 15-30 岁,平均年龄和标准差为 19.46 ± 3.33 岁。使用棱镜交替遮盖试验测量近异视,使用棱镜杆测量融合辐辏量。所有测量均在近异视(0.33 米)处进行。然后评估了近异视、NFV 和 NPC 之间的关联:结果:参与者中最常见的近距离异视是外斜视:200 人(87.0%)。在这些外斜视患者中,报告的散光主诉很常见:106 (86.9%) (P = 0.735).根据异视的不同形式,到断点的正融合辐辏(PFV)也不同(P = 0.003)。与外腭发音相比,内腭发音到断点的正融合辐辏(PFV)更高(30.83 ± 8.79Δ,而外腭发音为 25.59 ± 10.07Δ)。外咽炎患者在断点和恢复点的负融合辐辏较高,而内咽炎患者较低(P ˃ 0.05)。NPC因异咽症类型而异(P = 0.01),外咽症患者的NPC(8.38 cm ± 3.33 cm)比内咽症患者的NPC(6.77 cm ± 1.52 cm)略微后退:外眺望是最常见的近距离异视角类型,散光是报告最多的主诉。研究发现,内视与高 PFV 密切相关。相反,外视与模糊点、喙点和恢复点的显著高 NFV 有关。近异咽的类型不同,NPC 也有很大差异,与食道外翻的患者相比,食道外翻的患者 NPC 后退得更多:本研究提供了有关苏丹青少年中最常见的近异相类型,即外侧瞳孔畸形的信息。根据近异口畸形的不同形式,在断点和恢复点的近会聚点和 NFV 有显著差异。
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African Vision and Eye Health
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