American journal of health behavior最新文献

Objective: I examined the relationships between psychological capital (PsyCap), academic adjustment, and tendency toward procrastination in 3 groups of students in higher education-an ethnocultural minority group (Israeli Arabs), a neurotypical ethnocultural majority group (Israeli Jews), and an ethnocultural majority group diagnosed with learning disabilities (Israeli Jews with learning disabilities). The goal was to deepen and expand understanding of the factors that affect academic adjustment. Methods: Overall, 449 post-secondary students enrolled in various academic institutions in Israel participated in the study. The data were collected using an online Qualtrics questionnaire. Results: First, I hypothesized a positive relationship between PsyCap and academic adjustment and a negative relationship between those 2 variables and academic procrastination. This hypothesis was fully corroborated. Second, I hypothesized that students from an ethnic minority group and majority students with a diagnosed neurological disability would present lower levels of PsyCap and academic adjustment and higher levels of academic procrastination than a majority neurotypical group. The hypothesis was only partially confirmed. Third, I hypothesized that the higher the PsyCap, the lower the degree of academic procrastination and, in turn, the higher the academic adjustment. The hypothesis was confirmed. Conclusion: The findings can help support the design of academic assistance programs to improve the integration into higher learning of students who belong to special groups.

Objective: This study aimed to explore the effects of group prenatal health care combined with happiness training on delivery mode and maternal role adaptation in elderly primiparous women. Methods: A total of 110 elderly primiparous women who were expected to deliver in hospital from January 2020 to December 2021 were selected and assigned to two equal size groups: Group A and Group B. Results:After the nursing intervention, the natural delivery rate of Group A was 85.45%, significantly higher than that of Group B at 52.73% (P<0.05). The initial feeding time and first lactation time of Group A were significantly shorter than those of Group B, and the 48-hour lactation volume was higher than that of Group B (P<0.05). The RAQ scores of Group A, including maternal role happiness score, the baby's impact on the mother's life score, baby's daily living care ability score, and maternal role belief score, were all higher than those of Group B (P<0.05). The GWB score of Group A was significantly higher than that of Group B, while the EPDS score was significantly lower than that of Group B (P<0.05). Conclusion: Group prenatal health care combined with happiness training can improve the delivery mode of elderly primiparous women, help them adapt better to their maternal role, and enhance their subjective sense of well-being.

Objectives: Our objective was to develop and implement a system to solve the problems that students have as a result of few opportunities for consultation and hands-on exercise in nursing practice teaching, including an inability to participate in the whole process of patients' treatment and nursing, and lack of humanistic care for patients. Methods: The application of the system was conducted among undergraduate nursing students. In 2020, we cooperated with companies and jointly developed a virtual reality (VR) simulation of rehabilitation nursing for patients with cervical spondylosis (CS) and applied it to undergraduate nursing students. Results:The cumulative online training time of 79 students was (30.52±16.28) minutes/person and the average number of learning times was (3.12±1.78) times/person. Overall, 97.5% of the students rated the system as excellent. Conclusions: In thi s paper, we introduce the design, system construction, teaching design, and preliminary application effects of the system. In addition, we discuss the advantages, characteristics, limitations and countermeasures of the system, to provide reference for the construction of VR simulation experimental teaching courses for undergraduate nursing students under the background of new medical science.

Objective: We aimed to construct an evaluation index system for the core competencies of specialist nurses in pediatric emergency care using the Delphi method. Methods: We preliminarily defined 3 levels of evaluation indices for the core competencies in this nursing specialty through literature review and qualitative analysis. We conducted 2 rounds of expert consultation (using the Delphi method) to screen, revise, and finalize the indices. Results: Two rounds of inquiry sufficiently defined the evaluation index system for the core competencies. The evaluation index system consists of 70 tertiary indices, 17 secondary indices, and 6 primary indices. The authority coefficients of the 2 rounds were 0.859 and 0.876, respectively, and the effective response rates of both rounds was 100%. Conclusion: The proposed evaluation index system is reliable, comprehensive, and professional, providing a quantifiable basis for the evaluation and appraisal of the core competencies in this area of nursing specialization.

Objectives: We investigated the behavioral associated factors and prevalence of common anorectal disease (hemorrhoids, perianal pruritus, anal fistula, and others) among Uyghur male adults in southern Xinjiang. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study with a random sampling method from December 2020 to March 2021. Uyghur males aged 18 years and older were selected from Kashgar Prefecture in Xinjiang. The prevalence was evaluated by a bilingual questionnaire (including socio- demographic information, dietary habit, lifestyle, and behavioral habits) and anorectal examinations. The chi-square test was used for categorical variables. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify potential associated factors.Results: A total of 402 Uygur males aged ≥ 18 years were included in the final analysis. Of those, 192 (47.8%) participants were identified with common anorectal disease (CAD). Older age, lower education attainment, being a farmer, having lower personal annual income, having a high level of alcohol consumption, performing less anus-rinsing after defecation, and having less pubic hair removal were significantly associated with CAD. Conclusions: Common anorectal disease is a significant public health concern for the Uygur male population. Anus-rinsing after defecation and pubic hair removal are ethnic-specific behaviors among Uygur and could be preventive strategies for CAD.

Objectives: In this study, we evaluated the evaluate the psychological loads of psychiatric nurses and analyzed the influencing factors of these loads in nurse-patient communication.Methods: We used a convenience sampling method to select 400 psychiatric nurses from 5 tertiary psychiatric hospitals in Hebei, Jiangsu and Guangdong between April 5, 2020 and March 5, 2022 to participate. All participants were interviewed using a self-developed psychiatric nurse-patient communication event questionnaire and a 12-item general health questionnaire (GHQ-12). Results: The nurses' mean GHQ-12 score for psychiatric nurse-patient communication was 5.12±3.89 points, and generally, the psychological load was at a moderately high level. Among them, 196 (49.00%) had a high psychological load. The top 5 types of violence from patients or families towards the psychiatric nurses in the past month were injuries, verbal abuse, difficulties, work obstruction, and threatening intimidation. The most frequent factors in nurse-patient communication stress events were being worried about errors and accidents at work, being worried about not facing patient's emotional problems properly, and concern that they lacked communication skills about specific psychiatric symptoms. A multiple linear regression analysis showed that the important predictors of a high psychological load in psychiatric nurses included being male, having greater education, having worked a high number of years, having a high nurse characteristic factor load score, having a high environmental and social support factor load score, and experiencing workplace violence. Conclusion: The psychological load of psychiatric nurses is generally at a moderately high level and is directly related to gender, the number of working years, whether nurses have received professional systematic training, the frequency of workplace violence factors, nurses' characteristics, and environmental and social support scores. Accordingly, we should take note of these areas and improve them.

Objective: Past infection with COVID-19 increases the risk of occurrence of thromboembolic events in veins and arteries, respiratory failure, and damage to the heart muscle, liver, and nervous system. Pro-health behaviors of patients who had been infected with SARS-CoV-2 are the determinant of maintaining and strengthening the state of health. We assessed health behaviors of convalescent patients after SARS-CoV-2 infection and determined the relationships between these behaviors and the selected social and demographic characteristics.Methods: The study included 125 patients who had been infected with SARS-CoV-2; we used the Health Behavior Inventory (HBI), and an author-constructed questionnaire.Results: Overall, 60.8% of respondents presented a mediocre level of health behaviors (5-6 stens), 24.8% low (1-4 stens), and 14.4% high (7-10 stens). We found the highest mean value in the case of one HBI category: positive psychological attitude (3.51±0.67), followed by prophylactic behaviors (3.42±0.73), and correct eating habits (3.36±0.84). The lowest value (demonstrating the least pro-health behavior of respondents) concerned health practices (3.23±0.78).Conclusions: COVID-19 convalescent patients presented a mediocre set of health behaviors. We found statistically significant relationships between health behaviors by education and age. Persons who have had SARS-CoV-2 should receive health education in all areas of health behavior.

Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the association among temperature, relative humidity, latitude, vitamin D content and comorbidities in the spread of SAR-CoV-2 in Mexico in 2 different waves. Methods: The data on SARS-CoV-2 infections and comorbidities were obtained from the Mexican entities with the highest number of positive cases and deaths in the 2 waves that have most damaged the population. Results: Low temperature, high relative humidity, vitamin D deficiency and high percentage of comorbidities were factors that correlated with a high spread of SARS-CoV-2. Interestingly, 73.8% of the population had one of the most common comorbidities that favor the spread of the virus. Conclusion: The high percentage of comorbidities and the deficient concentration of vitamin D were determining factors in the high number of infections and deaths in Mexico. Furthermore, weather conditions could contribute to and alert to the spread of SARS-CoV-2.

Objective: Frailty is a complex age-related clinical disorder characterized by the decreased physiological capacity of multiple organ systems, leading to increased susceptibility to stressors. Because the clinical manifestations of frailty are heterogeneous, accurately diagnosing the degree of frailty and its predisposing factors is important. We investigated the prevalence of frailty and the related risk factors in elderly patients in emergency departments (EDs) in China using a clinical frailty scale (CFS) and a comprehensive geriatric assessment (CGA) tool.Methods: Elderly patients who were scheduled to be discharged from the acute ward of an ED within one week were recruited. They were asked to complete a set of surveys using CGA forms, comprising a CFS, a Nutritional Risk Screening 2002 form, laboratory tests for albumin level and body mass index, a Mini-Cog test for cognitive status, Barthel's activities of daily living index, an instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) assessment, a Geriatric Depression Scale-15 (GDS-15) assessment and a Cumulative Illness Rating Scale-Geriatric assessment.Results: Frailty prevalence in the recruited elderly patients was 33.33%. Frail elderly patients (CF≥5) also had more comorbidities, higher depression scores, and nutritional risks along with lower body mass indices, weight, quality-of-life scores and physical function scores. Cognitive impairment, depression, and education level were found to be the main impact factors on frailty.Conclusion: Frail elderly patients had greater cognitive problems and higher levels of depression besides physical dysfunction, which further aggravates frailty in older patients.

Objectives: In this study, we investigated the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the decision-making process for impacted mandibular third molar removal and related clinical teaching. Methods: From April 21 to April 28, 2020, we distributed a self-constructed survey via the Wenjuanxing software platform to oral clinicians engaged in the extraction of mandibular third molars. Results: We received 321 valid responses. Overall, 22.4% of clinicians were temporarily not performing tooth extractions in outpatient clinics and 50.2% of clinicians were temporarily not performing impacted tooth extractions. The main reason cited was that aerosol-generating high-speed handpieces were not recommended for use during the pandemic, opting instead for the surgical handpiece with copious saline irrigation as the main method for bone removal; the hammer-and-chisel method was considered to be too traumatic and posed too high of a risk for iatrogenic injury. Conclusions: The implementation of disease control measures during the COVID-19 pandemic significantly affected clinical decision-making regarding impacted mandibular third molar extractions; the main reason cited was the contraindication of using aerosol-generating high-speed handpieces. The hammer-and-chisel method may represent a valuable surgical application under the requirements for epidemic prevention and control. We provide a new idea for the extraction of interrupted permanent molars in the context of epidemic prevention and control is provided.