American journal of health behavior最新文献_第3页

Health Needs Assessment: Comparison of Applications of All-in-One AI Platform during the COVID-19 Pandemic between Mainland China and Hong Kong 健康需求评估:新冠肺炎疫情期间内地与香港一体化AI平台应用比较

4区医学 Q3 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH

American journal of health behavior

Pub Date : 2023-08-30 DOI: 10.5993/ajhb.47.4.13

Chuhan Miao, Yan Bo, Jingyu Xu, Yuqian Wu, Jiayue Shen, Jun Fan, Yingli Wang, Wang Tin Li

Objectives: The COVID-19 pandemic has been a public health hazard since 2020. Preventive measures taken in mainland China and Hong Kong to control the spread of COVID-19, including quarantine, could potentially affect people's physical and mental health. Methods: We used a snowball sampling method to investigate the experience of people in mainland China and Hong Kong using AI chatbots during the COVID-19 pandemic to obtain information on mental health related to COVID-19, the current situation, and the multi-dimensional experience of using AI chatbots. The people who participated in the survey were residents aged 18-75 in the 2 areas. Results: The effective response rate of the questionnaire was 98%. Concerning demographics, 91.1% of the target group were 18-55 years old. The most important sources of information for the respondents were WeChat and Web pages. There was no difference between Hong Kong and mainland China in terms of access to COVID-19-related mental health information (☓ 2 =0.59, p=.444), and no difference shown in access to information by gender (☓ 2 =0.01, p=.942). There was no difference in age group (☓ 2 =2.97, p=.594) and was not related to whether respondents were in the provincial capital city area (☓ 2 =0.62, p=.429). Age groups “<18 years old” and “56-65 years old” were related to giving a higher (4 or 5) score to AI text questions answering chatbot (p=.030), and there is a positive relationship between the satisfactory of AI text question answering chatbot and that of AI voice question answering chatbot (R 2 =0.8074, p=.038). Conclusion: There is no significant difference in the use of all-in-one AI platforms in mainland China and Hong Kong, and both have large market potential in the field of AI services for mental health. This platform is suitable for people of all ages in both regions. The results of this study provide forward-looking guidance for our team to develop robots based on an all-in-one AI platform.

自2020年以来，COVID-19大流行一直是一种公共卫生危害。中国大陆和香港为控制COVID-19传播而采取的预防措施，包括隔离，可能会影响人们的身心健康。方法:采用滚雪球抽样的方法，调查中国大陆和香港地区人群在2019冠状病毒病大流行期间使用AI聊天机器人的体验，获取与COVID-19相关的心理健康信息、现状以及使用AI聊天机器人的多维体验。参与调查的人是这两个地区18-75岁的居民。结果:问卷有效回复率为98%。人口统计方面，91.1%的目标人群年龄在18-55岁之间。对于受访者来说，最重要的信息来源是微信和网页。香港与中国大陆在获取covid -19相关心理健康信息方面无差异( 2 =0.59, p=.444)，性别在获取信息方面无差异( 2 =0.01, p=.942)。年龄组间无差异(χ 2 =2.97, p=.594)，与是否在省会城市地区无关(χ 2 =0.62, p=.429)。“18岁”和“56-65岁”年龄组对AI文本问答聊天机器人的评分较高(4分或5分)(p= 0.030)， AI文本问答聊天机器人的满意度与AI语音问答聊天机器人的满意度呈正相关关系(r2 =0.8074, p= 0.038)。结论:中国内地与香港地区对一体式人工智能平台的使用情况无显著差异，两地在人工智能心理健康服务领域均有较大的市场潜力。这个平台适合两个地区所有年龄段的人。本研究结果为我们团队基于一体化AI平台开发机器人提供了前瞻性指导。

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引用次数: 0

The Effect of the SystemCHANGETM Intervention on Systems Thinking in a Randomized Controlled Trial of Adult Kidney Transplant Recipients: A Secondary Data Analysis 在一项成人肾移植受者随机对照试验中，SystemCHANGETM干预对系统思维的影响:二次数据分析

4区医学 Q3 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH

American journal of health behavior

Pub Date : 2023-08-30 DOI: 10.5993/ajhb.47.4.16

Angela M. Andrews, Cynthia L. Russell, Steven Chesnut

Objective: The SystemCHANGE™ intervention is an approach that harnesses patients′ recurring personal systems of established routines of daily living, environments, and important others as reliable ′personalized system solutions′ to support habitual medication-taking and improve medication adherence. In a secondary data analysis, we (1) analyzed the association between the longitudinal trajectories of systems thinking and medication adherence, and (2) examined the extent that demographic characteristics and the SystemCHANGE™ intervention influenced these trajectories. Methods: Participants were ≥ 18 years of age who had received a kidney‐only transplant, self‐administered at least one prescribed immunosuppressive medication twice daily, had a functioning kidney transplant, were not in the hospital, and had no diagnosis that would immediately shorten the lifespan. We conducted a single‐blinded (participants), 2‐arm randomized controlled trial (RCT). An intervention group received the 6-month SystemCHANGETM intervention, and the attention-control group received the 6-month education intervention. Systems thinking was measured using the Systems Thinking Scale (adapted for patients). Results: The parallel process growth curve model with time-invariant predictors suggested that participants with higher levels of systems thinking at baseline demonstrated greater gains in systems thinking over time (r=0.407). White participants exhibited greater baseline levels of systems thinking than African-American participants (d=0.76). Participants assigned to the SystemCHANGE™ group maintained their medication adherence rates over time, whereas control counterparts demonstrated significantly different, declining trajectories of medication adherence (d=−0.41). Conclusion: We found shared co-variance between systems thinking and medication adherence and the SystemCHANGE™ intervention. The SystemCHANGE™ intervention was efficacious in improving and sustaining medication adherence in adult kidney transplant recipients.

SystemCHANGE™干预是一种利用患者反复出现的日常生活、环境和重要其他人的既定个人系统作为可靠的“个性化系统解决方案”来支持习惯性服药和提高药物依从性的方法。在二次数据分析中，我们(1)分析了系统思维的纵向轨迹与药物依从性之间的关联，(2)检验了人口统计学特征和SystemCHANGE™干预对这些轨迹的影响程度。方法:参与者年龄≥18岁，接受过肾移植，每天至少两次自行服用一种处方免疫抑制药物，有功能正常的肾移植，不在医院，没有立即缩短寿命的诊断。我们进行了一项单盲(参与者)、2组随机对照试验(RCT)。干预组接受为期6个月的SystemCHANGETM干预，注意控制组接受为期6个月的教育干预。采用系统思维量表(适用于患者)测量系统思维。结果:具有时不变预测因子的平行过程增长曲线模型表明，在基线时系统思维水平较高的参与者随着时间的推移显示出更大的系统思维增益(r=0.407)。白人参与者比非裔美国人参与者表现出更高的系统思维基线水平(d=0.76)。分配到SystemCHANGE™组的参与者在一段时间内保持了他们的药物依从率，而对照组的参与者则表现出显著不同的药物依从性下降轨迹(d= - 0.41)。结论:我们发现系统思维、药物依从性和SystemCHANGE™干预之间存在共同的协方差。SystemCHANGE™干预在改善和维持成人肾移植受者的药物依从性方面是有效的。

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引用次数: 0

Factors Associated with Use of Cigars, Little Cigars, Cigarillos, and Blunts among Hip Hop Youth in the United States 在美国嘻哈青年中使用雪茄、小雪茄、小雪茄和钝枪的相关因素

4区医学 Q3 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH

American journal of health behavior

Pub Date : 2023-08-30 DOI: 10.5993/ajhb.47.4.20

Laurel ErinCurry snm, Jamie Guillory, Amy Henes, McKinley Saunders, Anna MacMonegle, James Nonnemaker, Debra Mekos, Megan Wall Vigorita, Emily McDonald, Dana E Wagner, Emily C. Sanders

Objectives: Despite their wide use, little is known about risk and protective factors associated with cigar, little cigar, and cigarillo (CLCC) and blunt use among United States (US) youth, including youth in the Hip Hop peer crowd. Methods: Data come from a majority black and Hispanic cross-sectional sample of 2187 Hip Hop youth ages 12 to 18 recruited via address-based sampling and social media in 2015. We used multivariable logistic regressions with covariates entered in blocks to test which participant characteristics were associated with (1) CLCC use and (2) blunt use. Results: Several cultural/environmental, social/normative, and intrapersonal factors were positively associated with CLCC and blunt use, eg, older age, peer cigarette and marijuana use, and lower perceived smoking risks. There were also unique positive correlates of each, including being non-Hispanic black (vs Hispanic), smoking being allowed in the home, having friends that smoke CLCCs, and experiencing poor mental health for CLCC use, and household tobacco use and sensation seeking for blunt use. Conclusions: Factors associated with CLCC and blunt use may be important in designing interventions to prevent their use. The associations among household tobacco use, sensation seeking, and blunt use among the Hip Hop peer crowd warrant future investigation.

目的:尽管雪茄、小雪茄和小雪茄(CLCC)被广泛使用，但在美国(US)青少年中，包括嘻哈同龄人群体中的青少年，人们对雪茄、小雪茄和小雪茄(CLCC)和钝使用相关的风险和保护因素知之甚少。方法:数据来自于2015年通过基于地址的抽样和社交媒体招募的2187名12至18岁的嘻哈青年的大多数黑人和西班牙裔横断面样本。我们使用多变量逻辑回归，协变量按块输入，以测试哪些参与者特征与(1)CLCC使用和(2)钝性使用相关。结果:一些文化/环境、社会/规范和个人因素与CLCC和钝性使用呈正相关，例如，年龄较大，同龄人吸烟和大麻的使用，以及较低的吸烟风险。每一项都有独特的正相关，包括非西班牙裔黑人(vs西班牙裔)、允许在家中吸烟、有朋友吸烟、因使用CLCC而精神健康状况不佳、家庭烟草使用和寻求钝性使用的感觉。结论:与CLCC和钝性使用相关的因素可能是设计干预措施以防止其使用的重要因素。家庭烟草使用、寻求刺激和在嘻哈人群中直接使用之间的联系值得进一步调查。

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引用次数: 0

Psychological Health Literacy Awareness and Healthy Attitudes among Teenagers in China 中国青少年心理健康素养、意识与健康态度

4区医学 Q3 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH

American journal of health behavior

Pub Date : 2023-08-30 DOI: 10.5993/ajhb.47.4.15

Lu Liu

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of health literacy, parent support, and health policies on the health attitudes of teenagers in China. The health status of teenagers in China is critical due to their large number in the population and because the government has failed to provide healthcare insurance to each individual. Methods: The population for this study was Chinese teenagers. Empirical evidence is gained through a measurement model assessment and structural model assessment findings. The model from this research is a significant addition to the knowledge of teenagers′ health information. Research findings are based on empirical evidence. Results: Health literacy, health policies, and parent support influence the health attitude of teenagers in China. Conclusion: The theoretical findings demonstrated by this research are new in the body of knowledge that extended the literature. The practical implication of this research to enhance the health literacy of teenagers in China. The study has demonstrated the future research directions for scholars.

目的:本研究的目的是确定健康素养、父母支持和卫生政策对中国青少年健康态度的影响。在中国，青少年的健康状况至关重要，因为他们人数众多，而且政府未能为每个人提供医疗保险。方法:以中国青少年为研究对象。通过测量模型评估和结构模型评估结果获得经验证据。本研究的模型是对青少年健康信息知识的重要补充。研究结果基于经验证据。结果:健康素养、健康政策和父母支持对青少年健康态度有影响。结论:本研究的理论发现是对文献的拓展，在知识体系上是新的。本研究对提高中国青少年健康素养的现实意义。本研究为学者指明了未来的研究方向。

引用次数: 0

The Impact of Mothers’ Health Attitudes on Child Healthcare 母亲健康态度对儿童保健的影响

4区医学 Q3 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH

American journal of health behavior

Pub Date : 2023-08-30 DOI: 10.5993/ajhb.47.4.19

Jinzhou Lv

Objectives: The aim of this study was to examine the individual effect of each component of mothers′ attitudes on child healthcare. Methods: A mixed-methods approach was used to achieve the research objectives. Interviews with 15 mothers from 2 provinces helped to determine mothers′ attitudes. In addition, a questionnaire was distributed following convenience sampling in Shandong and Yunnan to 1500 mothers resulting in 384 responses. Results: All 3 predictors were supported by findings as significant in determining child healthcare. Mothers′ health knowledge was the strongest predictor of child healthcare followed by health-seeking behavior. Conclusion: This study helps the policymakers and government to enhance the mothers′ attitude to carry healthy children. For Chinese healthcare professionals and politicians, these findings have significant implications.

目的:本研究的目的是考察母亲态度的每个组成部分对儿童保健的个体影响。方法:采用混合方法进行研究。对来自两个省的15位母亲的访谈有助于确定母亲的态度。此外，采用方便抽样的方式，在山东和云南向1500名母亲发放了问卷，得到384份回复。结果:所有3个预测因子都被研究结果支持，在确定儿童保健方面具有重要意义。母亲的健康知识是儿童保健的最强预测因子，其次是寻求健康的行为。结论:本研究有助于政策制定者和政府提高母亲生育健康儿童的态度。对于中国的医疗专业人士和政界人士来说，这些发现具有重要意义。

引用次数: 0

Identifying the Relationships between Types of Leisure Activities and Cognitive Functions in Older Adults 老年人休闲活动类型与认知功能关系的研究

4区医学 Q3 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH

American journal of health behavior

Pub Date : 2023-08-30 DOI: 10.5993/ajhb.47.4.2

Junhyoung Kim, Jungjoo Lee, Miriam Rodriguez, Areum Han, Hyo-Jin Ju

Objectives: We investigated the relationship between types of leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) activities, intellectually stimulating activities, and community-based activities and the cognitive functions of older adults. Methods: We extracted 3,767 samples from the 2020 Health and Retirement Study (N=15,723). We defined cognitive functions as: (1) memory as assessed by both immediate and delayed recall tests, (2) working memory measured by a subtraction-by-7 test, and (3) attention and processing speed assessment through the use of the counting backward test. We used hierarchical regression analysis to assess the relationships between types of leisure and cognitive functions. Results: LTPA, intellectual leisure, and community-based leisure were significantly associated with improved memory function. Intellectual activity was significantly associated with improved working memory, and improved attention and processing speed. Conclusion: These findings provide data-based implications for the design and implementation of various types of leisure activities for older adults by healthcare providers and therapists.

目的:研究老年人休闲时间体育活动(LTPA)、智力刺激活动和社区活动类型与认知功能的关系。方法:从2020年健康与退休研究中提取3767份样本(N= 15723)。我们将认知功能定义为:(1)通过即时和延迟回忆测试来评估的记忆，(2)通过减7测试来评估的工作记忆，以及(3)通过使用向后计数测试来评估的注意力和处理速度。我们使用层次回归分析来评估休闲类型与认知功能之间的关系。结果:LTPA、智力休闲和社区休闲与记忆功能改善显著相关。智力活动与改善工作记忆、提高注意力和处理速度显著相关。结论:这些发现为医疗保健提供者和治疗师设计和实施老年人各种类型的休闲活动提供了基于数据的启示。

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引用次数: 0

Predicting Cognitive Function Impairment through Game-based Intelligence Tests Combined with Heart Rate Variability in Older Adults 通过基于游戏的智力测试结合老年人心率变异性预测认知功能障碍

4区医学 Q3 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH

American journal of health behavior

Pub Date : 2023-08-30 DOI: 10.5993/ajhb.47.4.17

Tso-Yen Mao, Chun-Feng Huang, Chien-Ting Chen, Ying-Ru Lai, Su-Shiang Lee

Objectives: In this study, we explored the feasibility of predicting the risks of older adults′ cognitive function impairment using game-based intelligence tests combined with heart rate variability. Methods: We recruited 110 elderly participants from a dementia center in central Taiwan using cluster sampling. The research tools included the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), the Game-based Intelligence Test (GBIT), and dynamic and static heart rate variability (HRV). Results: Multivariate stepwise regression analysis was performed for the GBIT on MMSE scores (65.1%). The key factors included the correct number of memory recalls and average attention time. Moreover, logistic regression analysis was conducted for GBIT combined with HRV to predict the high-risk group for cognitive function impairment. Key factors included the correct number of reactions, the correct number of memory recalls, and a very low-frequency power peak. The probability of correct classification was 78.18%. Conclusions: GBIT combined with HRV has predictive power on the risk of elderly cognitive function impairment. Hence, this study recommends that GBIT combined with HRV could be used at home or community bases as a feasible tool in predicting older adults′ cognitive function impairment.

目的:在这项研究中，我们探讨了使用基于游戏的智力测试结合心率变异性来预测老年人认知功能障碍风险的可行性。方法:采用整群抽样方法，从台湾中部某痴呆中心招募110名老年受试者。研究工具包括简易精神状态检查(MMSE)、基于游戏的智力测试(GBIT)以及动态和静态心率变异性(HRV)。结果:经多元逐步回归分析，gb对MMSE评分的影响为65.1%。关键因素包括记忆回忆的正确次数和平均注意力时间。同时，对GBIT联合HRV进行logistic回归分析，预测认知功能障碍高危人群。关键因素包括正确的反应次数，正确的记忆回忆次数，以及非常低频的功率峰值。分类正确率为78.18%。结论:gb联合HRV对老年认知功能障碍风险有预测作用。因此，本研究建议，在家庭或社区基础上，GBIT联合HRV可作为预测老年人认知功能障碍的可行工具。

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引用次数: 0

Impact of Pre-pregnancy Body Mass Index and Gestational Weight Gain with Mode of Delivery on Health Behavior of Primigravida Women. 孕前体重指数和分娩方式对初产妇女健康行为的影响

IF 2.3 4区医学 Q3 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH

American journal of health behavior

Pub Date : 2023-06-30 DOI: 10.5993/AJHB.47.3.15

Atiya Kareem Mohammed

Objective: This research was conducted to analyze the relationship between maternal body mass index (BMI) before pregnancy and weight gain in childbirth. This research is also an approach to understand women health behavior for BMI. Methods: In this descriptive analysis of 588 singleton pregnancies, their pre-pregnancy BMI was measured and gestational weight growth in the third trimester, all reserved pregnant women were tracked, and the method of delivery was recorded in Maternity Teaching Hospital from February to December 2020. The data collected throughout the investigation were analyzed using the SPSS 25 package application. Results: According to the study's findings, the average age of women was 24.4 years old, with a standard deviation of 5.04. About 66% of women had standard BMI, 17.56% were underweight, 10.13% were overweight, and 6.08% were obese. Conclusion: A statistically significant association was discovered between maternal weight during pregnancy and mode of delivery in this study. The study highlighted that women health behavior is significant factor to improve their BMI during pregnancy and delivery.

目的:分析孕妇孕前体重指数(BMI)与分娩体重增加的关系。本研究也是了解女性BMI健康行为的一种途径。方法:对588例单胎妊娠进行描述性分析，测量其孕前BMI和妊娠晚期妊娠体重增长，对所有保留孕妇进行跟踪，并记录分娩方式，时间为2020年2月至12月。在整个调查过程中收集的数据使用SPSS 25软件包应用程序进行分析。结果:根据研究结果，女性的平均年龄为24.4岁，标准差为5.04。约66%的女性BMI标准，17.56%的女性体重不足，10.13%的女性超重，6.08%的女性肥胖。结论:本研究发现孕妇孕期体重与分娩方式之间存在统计学意义上的关联。该研究强调，女性在怀孕和分娩期间的健康行为是改善体重指数的重要因素。

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引用次数: 0

Personal Well-being and Recovery in Peer Support Specialists Working at Psychiatric Hospitals. 在精神病院工作的同伴支持专家的个人幸福和康复。

IF 2.3 4区医学 Q3 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH

American journal of health behavior

Pub Date : 2023-06-30 DOI: 10.5993/AJHB.47.3.11

Ofra Walter, Batel Hazan-Liran

Objectives: Personal well-being is a major part of recovery for the many people who experience mental illness. Peer support specialists are mental health professionals who have themselves experienced mental illness and use their recovery experiences to facilitate the healing of others. In this study, we explored how peer specialists view their subjective well-being in their work with others and how they perceive their profession. Methods: Seven peer specialists working in a psychiatric hospital participated in individual interviews. We asked them about their personal experiences, their subjective well-being, and their perceptions of the peer specialist profession. We analyzed the interviews thematically. Results: The peer specialists' responses emphasized the link between mental health recovery and subjective well-being. Our findings also indicated the importance of positive relationships and community belonging as fundamental to subjective well-being, and consequently, to recovery. Conclusions: The insights that peer support specialists have acquired and the tools they have mastered in their own recovery process highlight the valuable experience-based knowledge and skills they can provide to others. Future studies may investigate how the experience of their own well-being and recovery directly influences their work with others.

目标:个人幸福是许多经历过精神疾病的人康复的重要组成部分。同伴支持专家是心理健康专业人员，他们自己也经历过精神疾病，并利用他们的康复经验来促进他人的康复。在这项研究中，我们探讨了同行专家如何看待他们与他人合作时的主观幸福感，以及他们如何看待自己的职业。方法:对某精神病院的7名同行专家进行个别访谈。我们询问了他们的个人经历、主观幸福感以及他们对同行专家职业的看法。我们对访谈进行了主题分析。结果:同行专家的回答强调了心理健康恢复与主观幸福感之间的联系。我们的研究结果还表明，积极的人际关系和社区归属感是主观幸福感的基础，因此对康复也很重要。结论:同伴支持专家在自己的康复过程中获得的见解和掌握的工具突出了他们可以向他人提供的宝贵的基于经验的知识和技能。未来的研究可能会调查他们自己的幸福和恢复的经验如何直接影响他们与他人的工作。

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引用次数: 0

Effects of Rehabilitation Therapy at Different Intervention Times on Daily Living Activity and Motor Function in Patients with Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury. 不同干预时间康复治疗对外伤性脊髓损伤患者日常生活活动和运动功能的影响。

IF 2.3 4区医学 Q3 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH

American journal of health behavior

Pub Date : 2023-06-30 DOI: 10.5993/AJHB.47.3.4

Deng Yang, Hanming Wang, Yafeng Xue, Sen Bai, Yuanyuan Zhou, Yunxin Duan, Yue Zhao, Kefu Sha, Chunhu Yu, Huan Wang, Yanping Peng, Ying Wang, Shuyan Qie

Objectives: We investigated the impact of traumatic spinal cord injury (TSCI) on daily living activities and motor function of TSCI patients. Methods: A total of 88 TSCI patients were randomly divided into Group A (N=44) and Group B (N=44). Group A received rehabilitation treatment 7 days after the stabilization of vital signs, and Group B received rehabilitation treatment 30 days after hospitalization. Results: The compliance rate of Group A (93.18%) was higher than that of Group B (72.73%) (^χ 2 =6.510, p<.05); The scores of American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) and Activities of Daily Living (ADL) in Group A were higher than those in Group B. The self-rating score of anxiety and depression was lower than that of Group B (p<.05). Conclusion: For the rehabilitation treatment of TSCI patients, it is better to choose the intervention after the vital signs are stable to improve patients' ability for daily living activities and motor function.

目的:探讨创伤性脊髓损伤(TSCI)对患者日常生活活动和运动功能的影响。方法:88例TSCI患者随机分为A组(N=44)和B组(N=44)。A组患者在生命体征稳定后第7天接受康复治疗，B组患者在住院后第30天接受康复治疗。结果:A组患者的康复依从率(93.18%)高于B组(72.73%)(χ 2 =6.510)。结论:对TSCI患者的康复治疗，最好选择在生命体征稳定后进行干预，以改善患者的日常生活活动能力和运动功能。

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引用次数: 0