American journal of health behavior最新文献

Objectives: In this study, examined the acoustic properties of affricates /t/ and /t^h/ in Mandarin Chinese, and analyzed the differences of the acoustic characteristics of these affricates produced by children with repaired cleft palate and normally developing children. We also explored the relationship between the affricates and high-front vowel /i/. Methods: We analyzed 16 monosyllabic words with alveolo-palatal affricates as the initial consonants produced by children with repaired cleft palate (N=13, Mean=5.9 years) and normally developing children (N=6, Mean age=5.3 years). We used several acoustic parameters to investigate the characteristics of these affricates, such as the center of gravity, VOT and the formants of vowels. Results: Compared with normally developing children, children with cleft palate exhibited a lower center of gravity for the 2 affricates /t/ and /t^h/. Data from the control group showed that the affricate /t^h/ had a significantly greater center of gravity than that of /t/. The accuracy of /t , t^h/ produced by speakers of cleft palate was significantly correlated with that of /i/ (r=0.63). High-front vowel /i/ is a significant index in diagnosing speech intelligibility which is more valuable than /a/ and /u/. There was a significant difference in F2 of vowel /i/ between children with cleft palate without speech therapy (CS1) and after speech therapy (CS2). After speech intervention, the accuracy of affricates produced by children with cleft palate was improved, the acoustic properties "stop + noise segments" appeared. Conclusion: Children with cleft palate can be distinguished better from children with normal development by 2 significant acoustic characteristics: center of gravity and VOT. As alveolo-palatal affricates /t , t^h/ and high-front vowel /i/ have a similar place of articulation, front-tongue-blade, their production accuracy can be improved mutually. The analysis showed that the articulation of Chinese /i/ has a higher frontal lingual position and less variability, which is more conducive to articulation training and improves the effect of cleft palate training. These findings provide a potential relationship on affricates /t, t^h/ and vowel /i/. Children with cleft palate have difficulty pronouncing the /t, t ^h/ and /i/. It is better to start with a vowel /i/, resulting in improvement in overall speech intelligibility.

Objectives: With the rapid advancement of the "Internet +" era, network media have an increasingly greater influence on human production and lifestyle. However, the network security situation has become more serious, which has affected the trust of netizens in society. In this study, we explore the interaction between online media and universal trust, and further analyze the social psychological impact on Chinese netizens. Methods: We collected data from the "China General Social Survey" (CGSS) in 2017, using a 4-stage unequal probability sampling. We set 3 hypotheses and used a binary logistic regression model for data analysis. Results: We found that the universal trust of respondents who use online media as their main source of information is lower than that of traditional media, while social interaction and class status have a significant weakening effect on the negative impact of online media and its universal trust. Conclusions: These results contribute to further expansion of the theoretical and practical implications. The use of data ensures robust research conclusions; we propose factors that increase Chinese netizens' trust in online media.

Objectives: The primary purpose of this study was to explore the mediating roles of resilience and physical activity (PA) levels on the subjective health of people with spinal cord injury(SCI) during the COVID-19 pandemic.Methods: A total of 201 Koreans with SCI completed a survey between February and April 2021. The questionnaire measured participants' PA levels before and during the COVID-19 pandemic, resilience, and subjective health assessment. The data were analyzed using SPSS, and PROCESS macro (Model 6) was used to determine the dual mediation effects. Results: PA levels before COVID-19 positively affected resilience and PA levels during COVID-19, and resilience positively affected PA levels during COVID-19 and subjective health. PA levels during COVID-19 had a positive influence on subjective health. Moreover, resilience and PA levels during COVID-19 were independent mediators of the relationship between PA levels before COVID-19 and subjective health. PA levels before COVID-19 indirectly affected subjective health through a dual-mediated pathway of resilience and PA levels during COVID-19. Conclusion: We suggest that it is necessary to promote regular PA for people with physical disabilities to enhance resilience, and thus, maintain a healthy life even during a public health crisis.

Objectives: In this research, we examined the academic and psychological coping of post-secondary students during the early stages of COVID-19. The main goal was to investigate correlations involving self- compassion, spirituality, psychological capital, and subjective well-being, and evaluate the mediating role of self-compassion and spirituality in the relationship between psychological capital and subjective well-being.Methods: We had 257 participants (ages 19-59) complete 5 questionnaires: demographic and academic information, Psychological Capital Questionnaire, Subjective Well-Being Index, Spiritual Intelligence Self- Assessment Inventory, and Self-Compassion Index. Results: We found a strong positive correlation between psychological capital, self-compassion, and subjective well-being. However, spirituality failed to show statistically significant correlations with self-compassion and subjective well-being, with only weak correlations with psychological capital. Self-compassion positively mediated the relationship between psychological capital and subjective well-being, but not spirituality. Conclusion: These findings indicate the role of positive psychological resources of post-secondary students in coping with a difficult situation like COVID-19.

Objective: During the COVID-19 outbreak, the medical sector services to the public were reportedly not appropriate. Due to the novelty of the disease, the patients were not aware of the right treatment and what health facilities were required. Method: The current research is designed to determine the relationship between prognosis markers and patient health behavior in treatment of COVID-19 patients in Turkey. The sample was identified through cluster sampling method. A smart PLS statistical tool was utilized for structural equation model findings. Result: The findings show that patient treatment performance can be improved with adequate treatment strategies, patient health behavior, prognosis markers and performance status. This research is significant by its nature because it adopted a novel research model which established new relationships between the variables of the study. Practically, this research deliberated the importance of prognosis markers, patient health behavior, adequate treatment strategies, and performance status on patient treatment performance. Conclusion: This research faced several limitations that are reported in the end with the future directions for scholars to contribute further to the knowledge of patients' treatment performance.

Objectives: In this study, we aimed to clarify and measure the interrelationships among decrease in communication, exercise, and physical and mental health under COVID-19 prevention measures, restricting individuals from going out of the house. Methods: Participants included 540 middle-aged and older adults who are regular exercise class members. The survey was conducted between April 15 and May 10, 2020. For the self- administered questionnaire survey, a municipal employee of City A and an exercise instructor visited the home of each participant to collect the survey data. The survey items were sex, age, limitation of going out, feeling of inactivity, interaction with others, health status, and forgetfulness; a covariance structural analysis was performed to clarify the interrelationship between lifestyle and health status. Results: Restrictions on going out due to the COVID-19 prevention measures were associated with the physical and mental health of middle-aged and older adults who regularly attended exercise classes because they enforced inactivity and decreased the frequency of conversation. Conclusions: Several waves of COVID-19 may arrive in Japan in the future. Therefore, it is necessary to implement measures to prevent secondary health damage and not focus only on infection prevention.

Objectives: The use of e-cigarettes is on the rise in the United States (US). An understudied facet of e-cigarette use is the influence of social groups. The purpose of the present article is to examine the role of social groups in the use of e-cigarettes among Asian Americans. Methods: We conducted 12 semi-structured interviews of Asian Americans who use e-cigarettes living in California. Interviews were transcribed and analyzed using thematic analysis. Results: Findings showed that e-cigarette use is normalized and encouraged among peer groups and social gatherings, anecdotal success stories of their peers who were able to quit or reduce their use of combustible cigarettes using e-cigarettes were motivating, and vape shops provided a space for socialization and belonging. Conclusions: The findings illuminate that e-cigarette use is a mediator in Asian American social groups as an activity for collectivity and connection. Public health researchers and practitioners can address nicotine use or addiction among Asian Americans through group or peer targeted prevention and intervention strategies.

Objective: The cases of edentulous treatment are increasing in Turkey. The patients are less satisfied with the health care facilities of the public sector health institutes. The government of Turkey is facing critical challenges for medical reforms in the public sector to improve the living standards of the public. The objective of current research is to determine the influence of health behavior on immediate loading implant success and patient satisfaction in complete edentulous treatment. Method: A Likert scale questionnaire is employed and the response rate of this research is 71%. The population of this research is the patients visiting different clinics for edentulous treatment and loading implant success. Results: The research findings demonstrate the satisfaction of the patients and implant success is influenced by the health behavior of patients. Conclusion: The model of this research is enrichment in the knowledge of the edentulous treatment of the patients. The practical implications of this research are outstanding to influence the satisfaction of the edentulous treatment patients who are getting the treatment of loading implant success. The research has certain limitations that are straightforwardly presented with future directions to enrich the knowledge of edentulous treatment by the research work of scholars in health care.

Objective: This research aimed to explore the science of population intervention in the rational medication treatment of hyperuricemia patients in China. The research model was designed to determine interventions from three dimensions of science propylitization (empirical evidence, logical reasoning, and skeptical attitude). Methods: The data for this research was collected from hyperuricemia patients in China with a survey-based questionnaire. A partial least square-structural equation modeling statistical method was used for data evaluation. Results: The research investigated that science popularization can strongly influence hyperuricemia patients' rational medication with empirical evidence, logical reasoning, and a skeptical attitude. Furthermore, the research asserted that more focus on scientific knowledge of hyperuricemia patients can improve their health further. Conclusion: Theoretically, this research would have wider implications. First, the research model was based on science popularization interventions which is a novel contribution to the relationship with rational medication. Second, the practical implications of this study would lie in science population interventions improving the rational medications for hyperuricemia patients. Besides, this research asserted a few future directions for scholars to contribute and determine the impact of further variables to enhance the model of science popularization in relationship with rational medication.

Objectives: Pain is one of the most common and distressing symptoms co-occurring with cancer progression and treatment, and medication adherence plays an important role in achieving good pain control. However, research on medication adherence and influential factors among individuals with cancer pain (CP) is limited in China. The present study aimed to investigate the adherence to analgesics in patients with CP in China and to identify factors that may influence adherence. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from June 2020 to February 2021. Study instruments consisted of a set of validated questionnaires, 5 measurement instruments including the numerical rating scale (NRS), ID-Pain, Morisky Medication Adherence Scale-Chinese validated version (MMAS-C), Beliefs about Medicines Questionnaire (BMQ) - Specific, and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). Results: A total of 141 participants with CP including 71 males (50.4%), aged 54.5±15.5 years were surveyed in this study. Overall, 83 patients (58.9%) showed adherence, but 58 patients (41.1%) showed non-adherence to analgesics. The univariate analysis showed that analgesic adherence was associated with pain duration of>3 months, outbreaks of pain in the last 24 hours, presence of side effects, getting analgesics in time, presence of neuropathic pain, stopping analgesics or adjusting dosage by themselves, presence of anxiety and depression, and beliefs about medicines. Moreover, the multivariate logistic regression showed that getting analgesic drugs in time (odds ratio [OR]=5.218, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.691-16.100) and high BMQ-Necessity (OR=1.907, 95% CI 1.418-2.565) were associated with high adherence, stopping analgesics or adjusting dosage by themselves (OR=7.958, 95% CI 2.443-25.926) and high BMQ-Concern (OR=0.760, 95% CI 0.600-0.964) were more likely to be associated with non-adherence. Conclusion: In view of our findings, it may be critical for individuals to have a better understanding and strong beliefs about their prescribed analgesic drugs. Pain education, counseling and follow-up of patients and their caregivers, and removal of barriers to accessing analgesic drugs could be considered in further intervention strategies.