American Journal of Archaeology最新文献

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Mikon’s Hekatompedon: An Architectural Graffito from Attica 米康的赫卡通佩顿：来自阿提卡的建筑涂鸦

IF 0.9 1区历史学 N/A ARCHAEOLOGY

American Journal of Archaeology

Pub Date : 2024-07-01 DOI: 10.1086/729771

Merle K. Langdon, J. Z. V. Rookhuijzen

Among the more than 2,000 ancient engravings on marble outcrops in hills north and east of Vari, Attica, there appears a remarkable drawing of a building. The structure, which seems to be a temple, is identified by its inscription as “the Hekatompedon” and was produced by an individual named Mikon. This note presents the drawing and the inscription. Following a discussion of the peculiarities of the graffito and its relevance for our understanding of the term ἑκατόµπεδος, it argues that the graffito depicts an Archaic temple on the Acropolis of Athens.1

在阿提卡瓦里北部和东部山丘上的 2000 多幅古代大理石雕刻中，有一幅引人注目的建筑图画。该建筑似乎是一座神庙，根据铭文可确定为 "Hekatompedon"，制作者是一位名叫 Mikon 的人。本说明介绍了这幅图和碑文。在讨论了涂鸦的特殊性及其与我们理解ἑκατόµπεδος 一词的相关性之后，本说明认为涂鸦描绘的是雅典卫城上的一座古风神庙1。

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The Christian Building at Dura-Europos: Rethinking the Archaeology of the World’s Oldest House Church 杜拉-欧罗巴斯的基督教建筑：重新思考世界上最古老的家庭教堂考古学

IF 0.9 1区历史学 N/A ARCHAEOLOGY

American Journal of Archaeology

Pub Date : 2024-07-01 DOI: 10.1086/730388

David K. Pettegrew

In his final report of the excavations at Dura-Europos, Syria, the scholar Carl Kraeling established the site’s Christian Building as the ancient world’s preeminent example of a domus ecclesiae, a house converted into a church through architectural adaptation. In Kraeling’s interpretation, a private domestic structure (House M8A) built in 232 CE was later remade as a community-owned church through a single, deliberate program of modification. This article engages with legacy ideas about the Christian Building, unexplored archival records, and recent studies of Dura-Europos to rethink the building’s phases, functions, and dating. I argue that House M8A was not the domus ecclesiae that Kraeling envisioned—wholly, instantly, and permanently converted to a church—but a Christian house that retained a domestic aspect even as it was adapted for religious activity. The article proposes new phases for the building and advances an earlier chronology for its construction in the late second or early third century CE, a time that better fits revised estimates of Dura’s Roman development. This reinterpretation of the world’s oldest domestic church building bears significant repercussions for our understanding of early Christian architecture and communities and underscores the value of critical thinking and revisiting legacy ideas in archaeology.1

学者卡尔-克雷林（Carl Kraeling）在其关于叙利亚杜拉-欧罗巴斯发掘的最终报告中，将该遗址的基督教建筑确定为古代世界上最杰出的教会建筑（domus ecclesiae）范例，即通过建筑改造将房屋改建成教堂。根据 Kraeling 的解释，一座建于公元 232 年的私人住宅建筑（M8A 号房屋）后来通过一个单一的、深思熟虑的改造计划被改建成了一座社区所有的教堂。本文结合有关基督教建筑的传统观点、未开发的档案记录以及最近对杜拉-欧罗巴的研究，重新思考了该建筑的阶段、功能和年代。我认为，M8A 号房屋并不是克雷林所设想的教会住宅（domus ecclesiae）--完全、即时、永久性地改建为教堂，而是一座基督徒住宅，在改建后用于宗教活动的同时仍保留了家庭的一面。文章提出了该建筑的新阶段，并将其建造年代提前到了公元二世纪末或三世纪初，这一时间更符合对杜拉罗马发展的修订估计。对这座世界上最古老的国内教堂建筑的重新诠释，对我们了解早期基督教建筑和社区产生了重大影响，并强调了考古学中批判性思维和重新审视传统观念的价值。

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引用次数: 0

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