{"title":":Honors to Eileithyia at Ancient Inatos: The Sacred Cave of Eileithyia at Tsoutsouros, Crete: Highlights of the Collection","authors":"Jerolyn E. Morrison","doi":"10.1086/731992","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/731992","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7745,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Archaeology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141665412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":":De tornos y tornillos: Tecnologías de prensado de la uva y la aceituna en el mundo romano y tardoantiguo","authors":"Tamara Lewit","doi":"10.1086/731991","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/731991","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7745,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Archaeology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141663773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":":Greek Inscriptions on the East Bank","authors":"Haggai Olshanetsky","doi":"10.1086/731989","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/731989","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7745,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Archaeology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141664706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":":The Destruction of Cities in the Ancient Greek World: Integrating the Archaeological and Literary Evidence","authors":"Guy D. Middleton","doi":"10.1086/731990","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/731990","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7745,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Archaeology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141664096","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
E. Thill, Maryl B. Gensheimer, Elizabeth M. Greene
This article offers an analysis of the Feminine Sacrificial Attendant figure type on the Column of Trajan frieze in Rome. We first present a detailed study of the Column of Trajan examples, focusing on both composition and broader narrative context. We argue, based on this methodology, that the traditional identification of these figures as masculine must be abandoned, in favor of a more demonstrable identification as feminine. By analyzing these figures as materializations of a sacrificial role—that both referred to contemporary norms and participated in their construction—this article demonstrates that our feminine identification has wide implications beyond the frieze itself. In particular, this figure type broadens our understanding of the variety of players in the life of the Roman army and the rites of Roman state religion more generally.1
{"title":"Representations of Gender: Recognizing the Role of Feminine Sacrificial Attendants in the Column of Trajan Sacrifice Scenes","authors":"E. Thill, Maryl B. Gensheimer, Elizabeth M. Greene","doi":"10.1086/730184","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/730184","url":null,"abstract":"This article offers an analysis of the Feminine Sacrificial Attendant figure type on the Column of Trajan frieze in Rome. We first present a detailed study of the Column of Trajan examples, focusing on both composition and broader narrative context. We argue, based on this methodology, that the traditional identification of these figures as masculine must be abandoned, in favor of a more demonstrable identification as feminine. By analyzing these figures as materializations of a sacrificial role—that both referred to contemporary norms and participated in their construction—this article demonstrates that our feminine identification has wide implications beyond the frieze itself. In particular, this figure type broadens our understanding of the variety of players in the life of the Roman army and the rites of Roman state religion more generally.1","PeriodicalId":7745,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Archaeology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141708809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A striking find emerged from a tumulus in the eastern necropolis of Daskyleion in northwestern Anatolia: a white-ground cup depicting Hermes Psychopompos leading a deceased woman to the underworld. This article focuses on the painter or workshop associated with the cup and questions how it ended up in the multicultural context of a noble grave in a Persian satrapal center. The stylistic study of the vase painting suggests that the tondo was created by a Polygnotan painter, probably the Kleophon Painter, and the palaestra scene on the exterior may be by a lesser painter of the period, the Painter of Heidelberg 209. The outcome of the study challenges our knowledge of Classical Attic vase painting and provides clues about the eastern pottery trade of the late fifth century BCE. Considering the exclusivity of the cup, it must have been brought here as the product of a special and individual commission.1
{"title":"Hermes Psychopompos in an Anatolian Grave: The White-Ground Cup from Daskyleion","authors":"Çİçek Karaöz, Kaan İren","doi":"10.1086/730133","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/730133","url":null,"abstract":"A striking find emerged from a tumulus in the eastern necropolis of Daskyleion in northwestern Anatolia: a white-ground cup depicting Hermes Psychopompos leading a deceased woman to the underworld. This article focuses on the painter or workshop associated with the cup and questions how it ended up in the multicultural context of a noble grave in a Persian satrapal center. The stylistic study of the vase painting suggests that the tondo was created by a Polygnotan painter, probably the Kleophon Painter, and the palaestra scene on the exterior may be by a lesser painter of the period, the Painter of Heidelberg 209. The outcome of the study challenges our knowledge of Classical Attic vase painting and provides clues about the eastern pottery trade of the late fifth century BCE. Considering the exclusivity of the cup, it must have been brought here as the product of a special and individual commission.1","PeriodicalId":7745,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Archaeology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141714196","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Letter from the Museum Reviews Editor","authors":"Lindsay Der","doi":"10.1086/731023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/731023","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7745,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Archaeology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141693742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nicholas Cahill, Philip Stinson, M. Rautman, Bahadır Yıldırım, Jane DeRose Evans, Frances Gallart Marqués, Vanessa Rousseau, Elizabeth Deridder Raubolt
An artificial terrace in the center of the city of Sardis in western Asia Minor formed a focus of urban life from the Early Imperial period until the early Byzantine era. Following the earthquake of 17 CE, the terrace became a major sanctuary of the imperial cult belonging to the koinon of Asia. The lavishly ornamented octastyle temple and broad range of honorific monuments attest the importance of the sanctuary for the first three centuries CE. In the fourth century, the temple was largely demolished, and the sanctuary plaza converted to elite housing. This region was later enclosed by an impressive fortification wall built almost entirely out of spolia from the temple and sanctuary. The houses were destroyed by one or more earthquakes in the early seventh century, and while most of the area was apparently abandoned, traces of occupation cast light on this little-known period of Sardis’ history.1
{"title":"The First Koinon Temple of Roman Sardis: A Sanctuary from the First Century Through Late Antiquity","authors":"Nicholas Cahill, Philip Stinson, M. Rautman, Bahadır Yıldırım, Jane DeRose Evans, Frances Gallart Marqués, Vanessa Rousseau, Elizabeth Deridder Raubolt","doi":"10.1086/730070","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/730070","url":null,"abstract":"An artificial terrace in the center of the city of Sardis in western Asia Minor formed a focus of urban life from the Early Imperial period until the early Byzantine era. Following the earthquake of 17 CE, the terrace became a major sanctuary of the imperial cult belonging to the koinon of Asia. The lavishly ornamented octastyle temple and broad range of honorific monuments attest the importance of the sanctuary for the first three centuries CE. In the fourth century, the temple was largely demolished, and the sanctuary plaza converted to elite housing. This region was later enclosed by an impressive fortification wall built almost entirely out of spolia from the temple and sanctuary. The houses were destroyed by one or more earthquakes in the early seventh century, and while most of the area was apparently abandoned, traces of occupation cast light on this little-known period of Sardis’ history.1","PeriodicalId":7745,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Archaeology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141708493","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nuova luce da Pompei (New Light from Pompeii) explored the role of artificial light in the lives of ancient Romans. In addition to presenting 180 rarely seen bronzes from Pompeii, including lamps, candelabra, and elegant statues that held lamps, the exhibition demonstrated the effects and meanings these lighting devices generated. Clearly, Roman lamps have lost their agency, presented as objects in museums or in photographs—a problem addressed by encouraging visitors to handle replicas of lamps and to light them virtually. In a virtual reality recreation of the triclinium of the House of Polybius, visitors could use a torch to light lamps and see what they could reveal—or fail to reveal. Videos of elaborate lamps with figures standing on their oil holes were particularly noteworthy, demonstrating their potential for “shadow play.” In addition to plumbing the meanings of the astonishingly varied imagery, the show investigated bronze metallurgy and modern conservation, as well as the role lamps played in the convivium, cult, nighttime pursuits, and commerce. A section on the creation of pastiches and copies evoked the antiquarian culture sparked by the discovery of Pompeii and Herculaneum. In its Rome venue, curators added a roomful of rarely seen objects from Rome’s former Antiquarium Comunale.
Nuova luce da Pompei（来自庞贝的新光）探索了人工照明在古罗马人生活中的作用。展览展出了 180 件庞贝古城罕见的青铜器，包括灯具、烛台和放置灯具的优雅雕像，此外还展示了这些照明设备所产生的效果和意义。很明显，罗马灯具已经失去了它们在博物馆或照片中的作用--这个问题通过鼓励参观者摆弄灯具复制品和虚拟点亮它们得到了解决。在波里比乌斯宫三层大厅的虚拟现实再现中，参观者可以用手电筒点亮灯具，看看它们能显示什么，或者不能显示什么。尤其值得注意的是，在精心制作的灯具上，有人物站在油孔上，这些视频展示了 "影子游戏 "的潜力。除了探究令人惊叹的各种图像的含义外，展览还研究了青铜冶金和现代保护，以及灯在聚会、崇拜、夜间活动和商业中扮演的角色。关于仿制品和复制品创作的部分则唤起了庞贝和赫库兰尼姆发现所引发的古董文化。在罗马展厅，策展人增加了一个展厅，展出来自罗马前 Antiquarium Comunale 的罕见物品。
{"title":"Bringing Roman Light to Life","authors":"John R. Clarke","doi":"10.1086/731029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/731029","url":null,"abstract":"Nuova luce da Pompei (New Light from Pompeii) explored the role of artificial light in the lives of ancient Romans. In addition to presenting 180 rarely seen bronzes from Pompeii, including lamps, candelabra, and elegant statues that held lamps, the exhibition demonstrated the effects and meanings these lighting devices generated. Clearly, Roman lamps have lost their agency, presented as objects in museums or in photographs—a problem addressed by encouraging visitors to handle replicas of lamps and to light them virtually. In a virtual reality recreation of the triclinium of the House of Polybius, visitors could use a torch to light lamps and see what they could reveal—or fail to reveal. Videos of elaborate lamps with figures standing on their oil holes were particularly noteworthy, demonstrating their potential for “shadow play.” In addition to plumbing the meanings of the astonishingly varied imagery, the show investigated bronze metallurgy and modern conservation, as well as the role lamps played in the convivium, cult, nighttime pursuits, and commerce. A section on the creation of pastiches and copies evoked the antiquarian culture sparked by the discovery of Pompeii and Herculaneum. In its Rome venue, curators added a roomful of rarely seen objects from Rome’s former Antiquarium Comunale.","PeriodicalId":7745,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Archaeology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141712033","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This archaeological note reports on an architectural block from the peak sanctuary at Stelida on Naxos that is inscribed with a mason’s mark, the first such example from the island and one of only a handful outside of Crete and Akrotiri on Thera. The context of recovery immediately to the south of the sanctuary leads us to suggest that it originally formed part of the building’s back wall, the sign facing Thera, and Crete beyond—signaling a connection to and possibly protection from these important political loci. An alternative hypothesis sees the block as an altar. The design of the mason’s mark, a simple cross, is well attested at Knossos and several other sites on Minoan Crete, plus at Akrotiri on Thera, and at Mycenae in the Argolid. It is argued that this mason’s mark provides further evidence for Knossian politico-religious influence at Stelida.1
{"title":"A Mason’s Mark from the Stelida Peak Sanctuary, Naxos","authors":"Tristan Carter, Dimitris Athanasoulis","doi":"10.1086/729924","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/729924","url":null,"abstract":"This archaeological note reports on an architectural block from the peak sanctuary at Stelida on Naxos that is inscribed with a mason’s mark, the first such example from the island and one of only a handful outside of Crete and Akrotiri on Thera. The context of recovery immediately to the south of the sanctuary leads us to suggest that it originally formed part of the building’s back wall, the sign facing Thera, and Crete beyond—signaling a connection to and possibly protection from these important political loci. An alternative hypothesis sees the block as an altar. The design of the mason’s mark, a simple cross, is well attested at Knossos and several other sites on Minoan Crete, plus at Akrotiri on Thera, and at Mycenae in the Argolid. It is argued that this mason’s mark provides further evidence for Knossian politico-religious influence at Stelida.1","PeriodicalId":7745,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Archaeology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141697419","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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