FreeBook reviewHousing in the Ancient Mediterranean World: Material and Textual Approaches, edited by J.A. Baird and April PudseyBradley AultBradley Ault Search for more articles by this author PDFPDF PLUS Add to favoritesDownload CitationTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints Share onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmailPrint SectionsMoreDetailsFiguresReferencesCited by American Journal of Archaeology Ahead of Print The journal of the Archaeological Institute of America Article DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1086/728014 Copyright 2024 by Archaeological Institute of America. All rights reserved.PDF download Crossref reports no articles citing this article.
{"title":":<i>Housing in the Ancient Mediterranean World: Material and Textual Approaches</i>","authors":"Bradley Ault","doi":"10.1086/728014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/728014","url":null,"abstract":"FreeBook reviewHousing in the Ancient Mediterranean World: Material and Textual Approaches, edited by J.A. Baird and April PudseyBradley AultBradley Ault Search for more articles by this author PDFPDF PLUS Add to favoritesDownload CitationTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints Share onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmailPrint SectionsMoreDetailsFiguresReferencesCited by American Journal of Archaeology Ahead of Print The journal of the Archaeological Institute of America Article DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1086/728014 Copyright 2024 by Archaeological Institute of America. All rights reserved.PDF download Crossref reports no articles citing this article.","PeriodicalId":7745,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Archaeology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136293432","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Suburbs and other zones of urban sprawl are not recent phenomena; they are as old as cities themselves. However, archaeological investigation of them has been relatively scarce, biasing reconstructions of the scale and diversity of early urban populations, industries, and economies, as well as reconstructions of ancient cities’ size and form. Here, we use aerial and satellite imagery in combination with ground survey to identify and characterize the extramural areas of one of the world’s earliest cities, Ur (Tell al-Muqayyar), in southern Iraq. The results suggest the need for some revisions of earlier impressionistic ideas about the extent, location, and dates of Ur’s suburbs. The distributions of ceramics of periods spanning the fifth to first millennium BCE suggest that Ur may have been founded in the fifth to fourth millennium BCE as a pair of spatially separate settlements that grew at different rates, only one of which developed into the city’s highly mounded core; that more distant suburbs formed by the third millennium BCE; and that intensity of occupation of various extramural zones covering hundreds of hectares shifted throughout the third to first millennium BCE. Overall, the data challenge characterizations of Ur as more compact and spatially continuous than other early Mesopotamian cities.1
{"title":"The Suburbs of the Early Mesopotamian City of Ur (Tell al-Muqayyar, Iraq)","authors":"Emily Hammer, Angelo Di Michele","doi":"10.1086/725907","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/725907","url":null,"abstract":"Suburbs and other zones of urban sprawl are not recent phenomena; they are as old as cities themselves. However, archaeological investigation of them has been relatively scarce, biasing reconstructions of the scale and diversity of early urban populations, industries, and economies, as well as reconstructions of ancient cities’ size and form. Here, we use aerial and satellite imagery in combination with ground survey to identify and characterize the extramural areas of one of the world’s earliest cities, Ur (Tell al-Muqayyar), in southern Iraq. The results suggest the need for some revisions of earlier impressionistic ideas about the extent, location, and dates of Ur’s suburbs. The distributions of ceramics of periods spanning the fifth to first millennium BCE suggest that Ur may have been founded in the fifth to fourth millennium BCE as a pair of spatially separate settlements that grew at different rates, only one of which developed into the city’s highly mounded core; that more distant suburbs formed by the third millennium BCE; and that intensity of occupation of various extramural zones covering hundreds of hectares shifted throughout the third to first millennium BCE. Overall, the data challenge characterizations of Ur as more compact and spatially continuous than other early Mesopotamian cities.1","PeriodicalId":7745,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Archaeology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135274125","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ursula Rothe, Anique Hamelink, Nicolas Delferrière
New evidence for color decoration on garments calls into question previously held assumptions about the nature of local dress styles in Roman Gaul. So-called Gallic dress, consisting of a sleeved, unbelted tunic for both men and women, accompanied by a hooded cape for men and a rectangular mantle for women, was especially popular in the northwestern provinces from the late first to the late third century CE. Most recent research on the subject has seen it as entirely local in origin and the result of the development of a Gallic/northwestern regional identity. However, recently published evidence, including a detailed study of paint remains on a corpus of funerary reliefs in eastern Gaul, a reconstructed second tunic from the textile find site at Les Martres-de-Veyre (France), and wall painting fragments from Maasbracht (Netherlands) have revealed that the sleeved Gallic tunics could in fact be decorated with two vertical parallel bands, clavi—a typically Roman tunic decoration. As a result, it is necessary to reevaluate our understanding of how Gallic dress developed, what it signified, and ultimately the extent to which we can reconstruct local dress styles in the Roman provinces when so little of the original paintwork on stone monuments survives.1
{"title":"Roman <i>Clavus</i> Decoration on Gallic Dress: A Reevaluation Based on New Discoveries","authors":"Ursula Rothe, Anique Hamelink, Nicolas Delferrière","doi":"10.1086/725914","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/725914","url":null,"abstract":"New evidence for color decoration on garments calls into question previously held assumptions about the nature of local dress styles in Roman Gaul. So-called Gallic dress, consisting of a sleeved, unbelted tunic for both men and women, accompanied by a hooded cape for men and a rectangular mantle for women, was especially popular in the northwestern provinces from the late first to the late third century CE. Most recent research on the subject has seen it as entirely local in origin and the result of the development of a Gallic/northwestern regional identity. However, recently published evidence, including a detailed study of paint remains on a corpus of funerary reliefs in eastern Gaul, a reconstructed second tunic from the textile find site at Les Martres-de-Veyre (France), and wall painting fragments from Maasbracht (Netherlands) have revealed that the sleeved Gallic tunics could in fact be decorated with two vertical parallel bands, clavi—a typically Roman tunic decoration. As a result, it is necessary to reevaluate our understanding of how Gallic dress developed, what it signified, and ultimately the extent to which we can reconstruct local dress styles in the Roman provinces when so little of the original paintwork on stone monuments survives.1","PeriodicalId":7745,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Archaeology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135274287","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
An extended area of quarrying activity has been located at Xobourgo, on the Greek island of Tenos, where extraction continued for millennia to the north of the ancient settlement. The quarrying was centered on the protuberance of Xobourgo, a leucogranite outcrop that lies to the southwest of a larger granodiorite zone. The joint study of the material’s properties, the quarry’s layout, the extraction traces, and the use of leucogranite in constructions at Xobourgo shows that the quarrying activity was related to local building projects, especially fortifications. These are dated to the period that spans from the Early Iron Age (11th–10th century BCE) to the end of the Classical period (end of the fourth century BCE), as well as to the era of Venetian rule (1204–1715 CE). Extraction techniques differed through time depending on available tools, traditions, and the type of masonry. The leucogranite was exploited for its endurance, workability, and aesthetic value. Extraction so close to the adjacent settlement was also advantageous due to low transport costs. High levels of stoneworking skill, in line with the scale of constructions undertaken at the site, are diachronically attested.1
{"title":"The Granite Quarry at Xobourgo, Tenos: Patterns of Extraction and Exploitation Through Time","authors":"Athina Boleti","doi":"10.1086/725862","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/725862","url":null,"abstract":"An extended area of quarrying activity has been located at Xobourgo, on the Greek island of Tenos, where extraction continued for millennia to the north of the ancient settlement. The quarrying was centered on the protuberance of Xobourgo, a leucogranite outcrop that lies to the southwest of a larger granodiorite zone. The joint study of the material’s properties, the quarry’s layout, the extraction traces, and the use of leucogranite in constructions at Xobourgo shows that the quarrying activity was related to local building projects, especially fortifications. These are dated to the period that spans from the Early Iron Age (11th–10th century BCE) to the end of the Classical period (end of the fourth century BCE), as well as to the era of Venetian rule (1204–1715 CE). Extraction techniques differed through time depending on available tools, traditions, and the type of masonry. The leucogranite was exploited for its endurance, workability, and aesthetic value. Extraction so close to the adjacent settlement was also advantageous due to low transport costs. High levels of stoneworking skill, in line with the scale of constructions undertaken at the site, are diachronically attested.1","PeriodicalId":7745,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Archaeology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135274289","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mircea Negru, Petre Badica, Andrei Alexandru-Dinu, Magdalena Galatanu, Andrei Kuncser, Delia Patroi, Ilinca Artene
Romula (today Reşca, Dobrosloveni Village, Romania) was the largest urban and economic center of Dacia Inferior (Malvensis), a Roman province located in the north of the Lower Danube region. In this context, the city market included workshops for the production of ceramic, metal, stone, bone, and glass objects. In 2013, 2015, and 2018, during excavations of the former Roman city, two rectangular glass furnaces were discovered. One has only one chamber, the other has two chambers. A melted glass layer was found on the walls of furnace no. 1, as well as in one room of furnace no. 2. Broken fragments of glass were also found in both. The furnaces are located in the central area of the Roman city. The evidence suggests that the furnaces belong to secondary glass workshops. The glass may have arrived in raw form, where it was remelted and processed. The discovery of these furnaces contributes to the growing body of evidence for Roman glass production around the empire.1
{"title":"Two Roman Glass Furnaces Discovered at Reşca-Romula (Romania)","authors":"Mircea Negru, Petre Badica, Andrei Alexandru-Dinu, Magdalena Galatanu, Andrei Kuncser, Delia Patroi, Ilinca Artene","doi":"10.1086/726009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/726009","url":null,"abstract":"Romula (today Reşca, Dobrosloveni Village, Romania) was the largest urban and economic center of Dacia Inferior (Malvensis), a Roman province located in the north of the Lower Danube region. In this context, the city market included workshops for the production of ceramic, metal, stone, bone, and glass objects. In 2013, 2015, and 2018, during excavations of the former Roman city, two rectangular glass furnaces were discovered. One has only one chamber, the other has two chambers. A melted glass layer was found on the walls of furnace no. 1, as well as in one room of furnace no. 2. Broken fragments of glass were also found in both. The furnaces are located in the central area of the Roman city. The evidence suggests that the furnaces belong to secondary glass workshops. The glass may have arrived in raw form, where it was remelted and processed. The discovery of these furnaces contributes to the growing body of evidence for Roman glass production around the empire.1","PeriodicalId":7745,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Archaeology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135274126","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Letter from the Book Reviews Editor","authors":"Lisa R. Brody","doi":"10.1086/727225","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/727225","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7745,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Archaeology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135274127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The exhibition Open Horizons: Ancient Greek Journeys and Connections at Melbourne Museum explored stories of ancient and modern journeys. Featuring ancient artifacts on loan from the National Archaeological Museum in Athens as well as photographs from Melbourne Museum’s own collection which illustrated the history of Greek migration to Australia in more recent centuries, the exhibition invited its viewers to consider the impact of travel of both objects and people on how ideas spread. On display in April–August 2022, exploring this subject at this time had particular significance given most people’s recent experiences with lockdowns and difficult travel due to the COVID-19 pandemic. In addition, the exhibition touched on complex themes such as colonization in the ancient Mediterranean and the resonance of the term to a contemporary audience. Although this could have been explored in more detail in this space, the organizers should be commended for starting the conversation so that many more can follow. A beautiful display and a wide variety of objects, coupled with materials directly relevant to its Australian setting, made this exhibition a worthwhile visit.
{"title":"Opening Horizons Between Antiquity and Today at Melbourne Museum","authors":"Alina Kozlovski","doi":"10.1086/727226","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/727226","url":null,"abstract":"The exhibition Open Horizons: Ancient Greek Journeys and Connections at Melbourne Museum explored stories of ancient and modern journeys. Featuring ancient artifacts on loan from the National Archaeological Museum in Athens as well as photographs from Melbourne Museum’s own collection which illustrated the history of Greek migration to Australia in more recent centuries, the exhibition invited its viewers to consider the impact of travel of both objects and people on how ideas spread. On display in April–August 2022, exploring this subject at this time had particular significance given most people’s recent experiences with lockdowns and difficult travel due to the COVID-19 pandemic. In addition, the exhibition touched on complex themes such as colonization in the ancient Mediterranean and the resonance of the term to a contemporary audience. Although this could have been explored in more detail in this space, the organizers should be commended for starting the conversation so that many more can follow. A beautiful display and a wide variety of objects, coupled with materials directly relevant to its Australian setting, made this exhibition a worthwhile visit.","PeriodicalId":7745,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Archaeology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135274290","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This online-only published content is freely available electronically immediately upon publication and can be distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial License (CC BY-NC). This license allows anyone to reuse, remix, and build upon the content, as long as it is for legal noncommercial purposes; the new work must credit the author, the AJA, and the Archaeological Institute of America. Volume 127 (2023) Index
{"title":"Volume 127 (2023) Index","authors":"","doi":"10.1086/727367","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/727367","url":null,"abstract":"This online-only published content is freely available electronically immediately upon publication and can be distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial License (CC BY-NC). This license allows anyone to reuse, remix, and build upon the content, as long as it is for legal noncommercial purposes; the new work must credit the author, the AJA, and the Archaeological Institute of America. Volume 127 (2023) Index","PeriodicalId":7745,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Archaeology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135274291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Recent excavations and research projects are bringing Crete to the center of debates about state formation in ancient Greece. Civic feasting in the Archaic period, correlating in epigraphic terms to the andreion institution known on Crete, has emerged with greater clarity in the archaeological record. These feasts took place in the public mess halls where food and drink were served to citizens. Feasting buildings at Azoria help establish criteria for distinguishing andreion-style feasts from other forms as a more regular and inclusive practice emerging at the end of the seventh century BCE. Ceramic assemblages also provide clues to the defining characteristics of such feasting, with the standardization in the cup line best expressing a communalistic ideology. The frequency of the high-necked cup in addition to volumetric studies presented here point to a standard Cretan cup, implying uniform practices. In a broader sense, the cups themselves and their austere style contributed to a new ideology and defined citizenship in performative terms, the social glue underpinning the early Cretan polis.1
{"title":"Austerity, Communal Feasts, and the Emergence of the Cretan Polis","authors":"Brice Erickson","doi":"10.1086/725915","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/725915","url":null,"abstract":"Recent excavations and research projects are bringing Crete to the center of debates about state formation in ancient Greece. Civic feasting in the Archaic period, correlating in epigraphic terms to the andreion institution known on Crete, has emerged with greater clarity in the archaeological record. These feasts took place in the public mess halls where food and drink were served to citizens. Feasting buildings at Azoria help establish criteria for distinguishing andreion-style feasts from other forms as a more regular and inclusive practice emerging at the end of the seventh century BCE. Ceramic assemblages also provide clues to the defining characteristics of such feasting, with the standardization in the cup line best expressing a communalistic ideology. The frequency of the high-necked cup in addition to volumetric studies presented here point to a standard Cretan cup, implying uniform practices. In a broader sense, the cups themselves and their austere style contributed to a new ideology and defined citizenship in performative terms, the social glue underpinning the early Cretan polis.1","PeriodicalId":7745,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Archaeology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135274122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A Roman bust in the Knole collection (Kent, United Kingdom) was sold by Thomas Jenkins to John Frederick Sackville, Third Duke of Dorset, in Rome in 1771. Researchers who studied the bust since the end of the 19th century were unanimous in their opinion: it was a modern sculpture. However, the present study is able to refute that hypothesis, demonstrating that the bust was sculpted in a workshop in Rome in the second quarter of the third century CE. The vitis (centurion’s staff) and the dagger at the figure’s left side indicate that it represents a Roman centurion.1
{"title":"Centurion: On a Bust in the Knole Collection Sculpted in Rome in the Third Century CE","authors":"David Ojeda","doi":"10.1086/725761","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/725761","url":null,"abstract":"A Roman bust in the Knole collection (Kent, United Kingdom) was sold by Thomas Jenkins to John Frederick Sackville, Third Duke of Dorset, in Rome in 1771. Researchers who studied the bust since the end of the 19th century were unanimous in their opinion: it was a modern sculpture. However, the present study is able to refute that hypothesis, demonstrating that the bust was sculpted in a workshop in Rome in the second quarter of the third century CE. The vitis (centurion’s staff) and the dagger at the figure’s left side indicate that it represents a Roman centurion.1","PeriodicalId":7745,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Archaeology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135274123","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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