Journal de parodontologie最新文献

The aim of this review is to study the different interactions between human oral bacteria which, through specific mechanisms such as coaggregation, contribute to increase periodontal disease.

The elastic system fibers, i.e. oxytalan, elaunin and elastic fibers have respectively a fibrillar structure (oxytalan fibers), an amorphous structure (elastic fibers), or a mixed structure (elaunin fibers). The morphological distribution of these fibers is characterized by the presence of oxytalan, elaunin and elastic fibers in the upper medium and deep layers of gingival connective tissue. If the amorphous component is made up of elastin the microfibrillar component consist of structural glycoproteins containing aminoacids different of those found in elastin. Elastin is synthesized by gingival fibroblasts in the form of a precursor, tropoelastin, then disposed at the surface of the microfibrillar component and incorporated in the amorphous component.

Bleeding on probing is one of the techniques for evaluation of the periodontal pocket tissues condition. Bleeding, leading sign of inflammation inside the connective tissue, is a critical factor for pocket depth measurements, and with other variable factors prevents making reproducible measurements. With the concept of periodontal disease with asynchronous bursts of activity and period of remission, has appeared the necessity to determine and even to predict the presence of destructive activity just as it occurs in a particular site in order to set up a selective therapy. Many authors investigated for a correlation between destructive activity and bleeding on probing. At the present time, the development of manual or electronic probes provides a useful diagnostic aid for the clinician in daily practice as well as the researcher in longitudinal studies.

A prospective epidemiologic survey performed over a three months period was done in association with the Health Insurance Fund of Lyon, France. The major objectives of this study were to evaluate the credentials of practitioners prescribing periodontal therapy under the health plan. 72.9% of the dentists received their dental diploma within the last 5 years and were predominantly male. None of the practitioners were specialists. Apparently, periodontal therapy represented only 10% of the treatment prescribed by the dentists surveyed.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of a gel containing 4% metronidazole and collagen in periodontal pockets deeper than 4 mm. The treatment was utilized in 10 subjects with pocketing in the premolar-molar regions. The experimental design was as follows: one quadrant was treated with scaling and root planning (S), one with the metronidazole gel (M), one with scaling, root planning and metronidazole gel (S & M), and the last quadrant remained untreated. Pocket depths, gingival index (GI), sulcular bleeding index (SBI) and plaque indices were recorded at 7, 14 and 30 days after the experiment began. Significant improvement of the parameters studied was noted in the S & M quadrants.

Regeneration of connective tissue structures lost as a result of periodontal disease remains the major goal of periodontal therapy. The ability of cells of the periodontium to adhere to the tooth surface is central to a number of phenomenons. Among these are cellular migration, morphogenesis and wound healing. Several classes of molecules appear to mediate the ability of cells to adhere. These cells utilize a group of receptors called Integrins to anchor themselves to the extra-cellular matrix. The receptors are transmembrane heterodimers which serve as bridges which communicate informations between the extra-cellular matrix and the cytoskeleton.

A connective tissue graft technique described by Langer and Langer for treating gingival recession was attempted in 22 clinical cases using connective tissue above. 100% root coverage was obtained where only 3 mm of recession existed, 94% when recession was 3 to 5 mm and 58% root coverage occurred where recession was greater than 6 mm. This technique was compared with the classical technique of free gingival grafts and the connective tissue graft technique for covering exposed root surfaces proposed by Nelson.

Satisfactory results in case of Rapidly Progressive Periodontitis were obtained utilizing ultrasonic cleansing (Odontoson) with polyvidone (Betadine). Radiographic evidence of bone repair was noted in several clinical sites.

The popularity of polishing air devices (AP) is rising with the increased distribution of commercial units in both United States and European dental offices and clinics. The instrument's efficiency and effectiveness in stain removal has been demonstrated with minimal impact on soft tissue trauma and abrasion. This article reviews the literature on AP. Future research is indicated to explore surgical clinical applications of airpowder polishing as well as more detailed information regarding the biological basis for its use.

Plaque exposed cementum presents structure alterations and becomes cytotoxic. The purpose of this review is to synthetize the actual datas about these cementum modifications and treatment by root planing. It appears that root planing does not eliminate all the subgingival calculus. Endotoxins are rather easily removed but roots are not completely detoxified. Treatment of the exposed cementum could evaluate to a less severe root planing and completed by a detoxification with chemical agents.