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The effects of laser irradiation on the activation of macrophage and fibroblast were examined by determining the rate of glucose utilization into the cell and the activity of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in culture supernatant. The laser irradiated macrophages that had been prepared from the peritoneal exudate cells, did not show any enhancement of activity, whereas fibroblast cell line (Gin 1 cell) were activated by laser irradiation. These findings suggest that laser irradiation was effective for the growth of fibroblast and induced suppressive effects for macrophage. In addition, effects of laser irradiation on the vital pulpotomy were investigated. It was observed that laser irradiation induced enhancement of calcification in wound surface and stimulated formation of calcified tissue. These observations indicate that laser irradiation is a useful method for the vital pulpotomy.

The main purpose of this study was to Jarify the early invasive modes of carcinoma of oral mucosa. For the histological observation, the specimens were surgically removed and sectioned stepwise and serially. The results were as follows. 1. There were two types of early invasion according to the degree of invasion; primary invasion and secondary invasion. The primary invasion was observed as microinvasion from the basal layer, and the secondary invasion was observed near the muscle layer or periosteum. Before the early invasion, there were severe epithelial dysplasia which appeared to be pre-invasive. 2. The primary invasion was observed as budding, drop, and diffuse infiltration of atypical cells from the dysplastic epithelium or carcinoma-in-situ. The secondary invasion was noticed as drop and diffuse infiltration, which were morphologically similar to the invasive patterns of developmental carcinoma. 3. Downward growth of the dysplastic epithelium which was characterized by the structural atypia was observed. This type of downward proliferation of epithelium was considered to be early invasion. 4. Unclearness of the basement membrane, round cell infiltration, proliferation of the blood vessels, and loose connective tissue were seen around the early invasion. 5. Two types of malignant processes of dysplastic epitheliu; One was the process of "dysplasia--carcinoma in situ--early invasive carcinoma", the other showed a direct invasion from the dysplastic epithelium. 6. Round cell infiltration and proliferation of the blood vessels were seen near the pre-invasive epithelium or early invasion.

This study was carried out to clarify the clinico-pathological conditions of dysplasia, early carcinoma and invasive carcinoma (the invasion 5mm deep) in oral cavity. 57 cases (61 lesions), Which were resected by surgery alone, and diagnosed histologically as dysplasia, early invasive carcinoma and invasive carcinoma (the invasion 5mm deep), were used. All lesions were serially sectioned, and the relationship between clinical and histological appearances were examined. Further, a disease map was made in order to examine the distribution of carcinoma. Age of patients with an early carcinoma showed a wide distribution. Sex were 33 males and 24 females. Twenty-two cases of dysplasia showed white, red, red and white patch, and papillary outgrowth. Twenty-three cases of early invasive carcinoma showed same appearance as those of dysplasia. Sixteen cases of 5mm depth invasive carcinoma showed white, red, white and red patch, and granular and ulcerous appearance. In red lesions, so-called atypical vessels were seen. Atypical vessels were recognized as punctation. The punctation in area of dysplasia and carcinoma in situ were regular in shape. On the other hand, the punctation in 5mm deep invasive carcinoma became irregular in size and orientation. There was no correlation between the size and level of invasion. Fixed survival was 95.5% in early invasive carcinoma, 92.9% in 5mm deep invasive carcinoma. There were two types of distribution patterns of early invasive and 3mm deep invasive carcinoma; multi-centric and mono-centric pattern. All of 5mm deep invasive carcinoma showed mono-centric pattern, but the outline of carcinomatous area was more complicated in shape.

Cephalometric laminagraphs were taken on 40 left and right sides of 20 adults with normal occlusion. It was found that condyle of nonworking side during quantitative lateral movement at incisal region with 1mm interval up to 3mm. The results were analyzed by computer superposition graph. The results were as follows: 1. The displacement of condyle during quantitative lateral movement of the mandible was 1.00mm, 1.93mm and 2.88mm at condylar top from intercuspal position to a maximum 3mm, 1mm by 1mm average, respectively. The displacement at condylar center was 0.97mm, 1.92mm and 2.85mm average, respectively. It was noticed that condyle on nonworking side with lateral movement translated equal distances. 2. The inclination of condyle by the quantitative lateral movement of the mandible was 45.41 degrees, 49.13 degrees and 48.59 degrees at condylar top from intercuspal position to a maximum 3mm, 1mm by 1mm average, respectively. The inclination at condylar center was 44.21 degrees, 48.06 degrees and 48.44 degrees average, respectively. Directional stabilizing with condylar movement, was seen. 3. The range of condylar movement from intercuspal position, at condylar center was maximum; 40.1 degrees, minimum; 0.0 degrees, average; 10.05 degrees, SD; 7.98 degrees. 4. The results of the survey on rotation factor with condylar movement revealed that there was a slight difference, and the movement of condyle was like bodily shift.

The purpose of this study was to investigate observer's cognition of alterations on a facial form corrected by orthognathic surgery. Subjects were twenty undergraduate students at a women's college, who had no technical training in dentistry before. The subjects ranged in age from 19 to 22. The computerized analytic system was used for the fixation points analysis of eye movement. Two test cards (55 x 65cm) were used as stimuli; one test card bearing two frontal facial photographs of a patient, preoperative and postoperative, the other test card bearing two lateral facial photographs of the same patient likewise. The patient showed asymmetrical mandibular prognathism, corrected by Obwegeser-Dal Pont osteotomy and Le Fort I osteotomy. Each subject's eye movement was analyzed for 10 seconds during presentation of each stimulus. Fixation points, characteristic points and saccadic eye movements were used as indices. Subjects' introspective comments showed that 70 percent (same person-a brother group) of the subjects recognized two faces as resembling. From eye movement analysis, it was identified that the same person-a brother group searched out precisely at areas which were corrected by orthognathic surgery. This group pointed out lips or chin as differences of facial features by the introspective comments. It was suggested that these subjects comparatively make much more of impression than different facial features themselves. It was clarified that simultaneous repositioning of maxilla and mandible maintained impression of a patient's face. In conclusion, if a dentofacial deformity of a patient's face is altered by orthognathic surgery, the similarity of the face can be maintained after the surgery.

The purpose of this study was to detect the influence on the growth and development of the maxillofacial cranium due to anterior crossbite in early childhood. The author observed the morphological changes of the maxillofacial cranium of rats in which of mandible was induced anterior crossbite artificially. Experimental animals used in this study were closed colony bred Wistar Crj rats. A total of 106 rats consisting of 65 in the experimental group and 41 in the control group were used. In the experiment, the appliance which was applied to the mandibular incisors of rats aged 30 days to induce anterior crossbite. X-ray photos of the head were taken in lateral and parietal at the age of 30, 60, 90 and 120 days and the soft X-ray photo of the right mandible isolated by sacrificing and decapitation of several animals at the respective ages. 1. The experimental rats have a tendency to lose weight in accordance with the appliance. The increase rate of weight in experimental group is similar to that in the control group and it was estimated that the appliance affected their weights a little. 2. The lateral cephalometric observation 1) The tip of the nasal bone was modified upwards in its position with advancing age. 2) In the mandibular angular region an inhibition of posterior growth was observed. 3) The dental arch length of maxilla was shorter and of mandibular was longer. 4) The molar changed its position upward, and the height of the upper facial region including the tooth and facial height had a lowering tendency. 3. The parietal cephalometric observation Parietal head X-ray photo showed a widening tendency of the width of anterior facial cranium and the anterior tip of zygomatic arch.

Information on the length and the shape of the root canals is necessary in dental care. They are obtained from X-ray examination of teeth. However, it is useful to apply eccentric projection for optimization in dental radiography. We observed 135 teeth and 355 films of extracted upper premolars, and tried to establish the standard of eccentric projection for the observation of root canals of the upper premolars, on the basis of the calculations and the experiments. 1. Shapes of root canals in the upper premolars are classified into 3 types with 3 subtypes. The rate of teeth with one root was 69.6%, but the rate of teeth with two root canals was 43%. These indicate the necessity of the eccentric projection in dental radiography, although there is a limit to the ability of X-ray film for confirmation of real condition of the root canals. 2. Optimal eccentric projection angle was 20 degrees-25 degrees. There is no significant difference between the paralleling technique and bisecting technique. There is no significant difference between the mesial and distal eccentric projection. But, the mesial eccentric projection is more effective for the observation of whole root and the ease of radiographic technique than the distal eccentric projection.

Experiments were made to determine the dependence of CO3(3-) signal intensity on radiation dose in the low dose region from 3.1 x 10(-4) C/kg to 865.6 x 10(-4) C/kg. After all human tooth enamel samples were crushed into 350-500 micrometers particles, they were irradiated with 60Co gamma rays. Irradiated samples were measured with the ESR instrument, and the CO3(3-) signal appearance and the true signal have been determined. It is confirmed that the relation between the true intensity of the CO3(3-) signal and the exposure have linearity from 25.0 x 10(-4) C/kg to 865.6 x 10(-4) C/kg. It is difficult to confirm this in the case of less than 25.0 x 10(-4) C/kg due to the effect of organic signal and noise.

The method of immediate root canal filling following vital pulp extirpation involves many problems to be solved clinically. Therefore, the present study was performed to increase the clinical usefulness by applying formalin medicine in the root canal before immediate root canal filling after vital pulp extirpation. Group 1 (the group of applying formalin tricresol or formalin guaiacol on the intentionally exposed pulp tissue) Group 2 (pulp extirpation). This study is based upon 95 human permanent teeth with noninfected pulps in patients ranging in age from 16 to 43 years. Under local anesthesia the experimental teeth were isolated with cotton rolls. The pulp was intentionally exposed during the preparation of the Ingle's cavity with diamond instruments mounted on a high speed air turbine. The cavity and exposed pulp surface were cleaned with Neo-cleaner (10% Hypochlorite) and oxydol, and then dried using an absorbent material. One of the experimental medicines, which had been saturated into phi 2mm cotton pellet, was applied on the exposed pulp tissue. The cavity was filled with gutta-percha and amalgam. Under local anesthesia, the pulp was intentionally exposed in the same way as mentioned above. After removal of pulp tissue, root canals were cleaned with oxydol. Root canals were filled with Calvital (CV) in 15 cases. Following insertion of sterilized paper point soaked in the solution of formalin guaiacol (FG) or formalin tricresol (FC) for 5 minutes, root canal filling with Calvital was carried out in 20 cases. The experimental teeth were clinically observed at various intervals, and then extracted. After fixation in 10% formalin solution, the teeth were decalcified using nitric acid and embedded in celloidin. The serial sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin and observed histopathologically. Group 1. 1. Kinds of clinical discomfort observed in this investigation were as follows. FG: Spontaneous pain (25.0%), Percussion discomfort (5.0%). FC: Spontaneous pain (35.0%), Percussion discomfort (35.0%). 2. Clinical results were as follows. FG: 14 cases (70.0%) out of 20 were evaluated as good, 6 cases (30.0%) as fairly good, and none as bad. FC: 11 cases (55.0%) out of 20 were evaluated as good, 9 cases (45.0%) as fairly good, and none as bad. 3. Histopathological changes observed in this investigation were as follows. 1) Hyperemia, 2) Hemorrhage, 3) Round cell infiltration, 4) Suppurative inflammation, 5) Coagulation necrosis, 6) Atrophy, 7) Cicatrization. Group 2. 1. Kinds of clinical discomfort observed in this investigation were as follows. CV: Spontaneous pain (20.0%), Percussion discomfort (20.0%). FG: Spontaneous pain (30.0%), Percussion discomfort (15.0%). FC: Spontaneous pain (30.0%), Percussion discomfort (30.0%). 2. Clinical results were as follows.

The study was performed on 30 left and right temporomandibular joints of 15 adults with normal occlusion. The exterior point was set on condylar center of each subject. Using cephalometric laminagrams and submental-vertical cephalograms, the movement of condyle and the movement of exterior point were compared on the nonworking side in 3mm lateral movement at incisal region. Also, the relation between the inclination angle of front wall of mandibular fossa and the movement of condylar center was evaluated. The standard of horizontal plane was F-H-L. The results were as follows: 1. The position of exterior point on sagittal plane, 12 examples shifted in front upward, 9 examples shifted in rear downward, 8 examples shifted in front downward and 1 example shifted in rear upward from condylar center. 2. The inclination of moving front downward of condylar center was 47.0 degrees, and that of exterior point was 50.3 degrees. 3. The shifting direction of exterior point was correlative with the shifting direction of condylar center. However, there was an individual difference in the synchronism between the shifting direction of condylar center and the shifting direction of exterior point during lateral movement. 4. The inclination of front wall of mandibular fossa was 50.9 degrees. 5. A coefficient of correlation between the inclination of front wall of mandibular fossa and the shifting direction of condylar center during 3mm lateral movement was small.