{"title":"Determinants of Primary Infertility Among Married Women Attending Obstetrics and Gynecology Speciality Centers at Adama Town, Oromia, Ethiopia","authors":"Rehima Abdisa, Hussen Nemo, Lemlem Kebede, Legese Lemma, Chala Diriba","doi":"10.11648/j.ajls.20221001.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajls.20221001.12","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7759,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Life Sciences","volume":"46 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75520824","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-12DOI: 10.11648/J.AJLS.20210906.12
Linyue Hou, Yuneng Yang, Baosheng Sun, Youlin Jing, Deng Weixi
With the rapid development of gut microbiological research and high-throughput sequencing technology, we have gained a better understanding of the effects of the gut microbiota and its metabolites such as short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) on the metabolism of hosts. This effect was found closely related with the consumed dietary fiber by hosts. Dietary fiber has been proven to be very important for hosts. However, hosts such as human, chickens and other monogastric animals cannot digest dietary fiber due to a lack of endogenous fiber-degrading enzymes; therefore, they must rely on gut microorganisms who own endogenous fiber-degrading enzymes such as carbohydrate-active enZymes (CAZymes) encoded by gene. Excellent fiber-degrading bacteria include members of Bacteroidetes phylum such as Bacteroides and Prevotella and members of Firmicutes phylum including Ruminococcus, Fibrobacter, Butyrivibrio, Ruminiclostridium and so on. These fiber-degrading bacteria degrade fiber into monosaccharides via different degrading mechanisms. For instance, Bacteroidetes degrade a dozen kinds of plant fiber using its unique arm-polysaccharide utilization locus (PUL). In contrast to Bacteroidetes, members of the Firmicutes use gram-positive PULs (gp PULs) to process fiber. Some members of the Firmicutes can degrade cellulose and hemicellulose through the cellulosome pathway. And then some oligosaccharides and glucose produced by dietary fiber degradation can be used as carbon and energy sources for microbial growth, thus increasing the diversity of microorganisms. Dietary fiber is the substrate of gut microorganisms. The left monosaccharides are fermented into short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) by SCFA-producing bacteria including Bifidobacterium, Phascolarctobacterium, Faecalibacterium and so on via different pathways. SCFAs mainly include acetate, propionate and butyrate. SCFAs can further regulate the host's metabolism including energy metabolism, host appetite, liver metabolism and the glucose balance via SCFA receptors including GPR41 and GPR43 or other mechanisms. Therefore, gut microorganisms are also called our “second genome” or “forgotten organs”. In this paper, we provide an overview of the interactions among dietary fiber, gut microbiota, SCFAs and host metabolism.
{"title":"Dietary Fiber, Gut Microbiota, Short-Chain Fatty Acids, and Host Metabolism","authors":"Linyue Hou, Yuneng Yang, Baosheng Sun, Youlin Jing, Deng Weixi","doi":"10.11648/J.AJLS.20210906.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.AJLS.20210906.12","url":null,"abstract":"With the rapid development of gut microbiological research and high-throughput sequencing technology, we have gained a better understanding of the effects of the gut microbiota and its metabolites such as short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) on the metabolism of hosts. This effect was found closely related with the consumed dietary fiber by hosts. Dietary fiber has been proven to be very important for hosts. However, hosts such as human, chickens and other monogastric animals cannot digest dietary fiber due to a lack of endogenous fiber-degrading enzymes; therefore, they must rely on gut microorganisms who own endogenous fiber-degrading enzymes such as carbohydrate-active enZymes (CAZymes) encoded by gene. Excellent fiber-degrading bacteria include members of Bacteroidetes phylum such as Bacteroides and Prevotella and members of Firmicutes phylum including Ruminococcus, Fibrobacter, Butyrivibrio, Ruminiclostridium and so on. These fiber-degrading bacteria degrade fiber into monosaccharides via different degrading mechanisms. For instance, Bacteroidetes degrade a dozen kinds of plant fiber using its unique arm-polysaccharide utilization locus (PUL). In contrast to Bacteroidetes, members of the Firmicutes use gram-positive PULs (gp PULs) to process fiber. Some members of the Firmicutes can degrade cellulose and hemicellulose through the cellulosome pathway. And then some oligosaccharides and glucose produced by dietary fiber degradation can be used as carbon and energy sources for microbial growth, thus increasing the diversity of microorganisms. Dietary fiber is the substrate of gut microorganisms. The left monosaccharides are fermented into short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) by SCFA-producing bacteria including Bifidobacterium, Phascolarctobacterium, Faecalibacterium and so on via different pathways. SCFAs mainly include acetate, propionate and butyrate. SCFAs can further regulate the host's metabolism including energy metabolism, host appetite, liver metabolism and the glucose balance via SCFA receptors including GPR41 and GPR43 or other mechanisms. Therefore, gut microorganisms are also called our “second genome” or “forgotten organs”. In this paper, we provide an overview of the interactions among dietary fiber, gut microbiota, SCFAs and host metabolism.","PeriodicalId":7759,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Life Sciences","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73497903","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-12DOI: 10.11648/J.AJLS.20210906.11
Xiuzhi Shi, Hua Ke, Jien-Wei Liu, Xiaohong Cao
Objective Pulmonary cryptococcosis (PC) is a pulmonary fungal disease caused by Cryptococcus neoformans infection, the clinical manifestations are pneumonia or pulmonary nodules, or acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in severe cases. But its clinical manifestations lack specificity, so it is often misdiagnosed or missed in recent years. Pulmonary cryptococcosis is common in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and non-HIV-associated immunosuppression, it has been found that pulmonary cryptococcosis is also common in people with sound immune function. The purpose of this paper is to report the diagnosis and treatment process of a patient with pulmonary cryptococcosis in our hospital, so as to provide reference for the diagnosis and treatment of the disease and reduce the misdiagnosis rate and missed diagnosis rate of the disease. Methods The diagnosis and treatment process of a case of pulmonary cryptococcosis in our hospital were reviewed. Results Combined with the patient's lung CT Imaging manifestations, and environmental exposure history and immune status, pulmonary cryptococcosis was considered. After empirical anti-cryptococcosis treatment, the patient's symptoms improved, and pulmonary nodules disappeared according to lung CT review. Conclusion Clinicians should identify the imaging characteristics of patients with cryptococcus pneumonicum and combine them with their environmental exposure history and immune status to avoid missed diagnosis and delayed disease.
{"title":"A Case of Pulmonary Cryptococcosis with Normal Immune Function","authors":"Xiuzhi Shi, Hua Ke, Jien-Wei Liu, Xiaohong Cao","doi":"10.11648/J.AJLS.20210906.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.AJLS.20210906.11","url":null,"abstract":"Objective Pulmonary cryptococcosis (PC) is a pulmonary fungal disease caused by Cryptococcus neoformans infection, the clinical manifestations are pneumonia or pulmonary nodules, or acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in severe cases. But its clinical manifestations lack specificity, so it is often misdiagnosed or missed in recent years. Pulmonary cryptococcosis is common in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and non-HIV-associated immunosuppression, it has been found that pulmonary cryptococcosis is also common in people with sound immune function. The purpose of this paper is to report the diagnosis and treatment process of a patient with pulmonary cryptococcosis in our hospital, so as to provide reference for the diagnosis and treatment of the disease and reduce the misdiagnosis rate and missed diagnosis rate of the disease. Methods The diagnosis and treatment process of a case of pulmonary cryptococcosis in our hospital were reviewed. Results Combined with the patient's lung CT Imaging manifestations, and environmental exposure history and immune status, pulmonary cryptococcosis was considered. After empirical anti-cryptococcosis treatment, the patient's symptoms improved, and pulmonary nodules disappeared according to lung CT review. Conclusion Clinicians should identify the imaging characteristics of patients with cryptococcus pneumonicum and combine them with their environmental exposure history and immune status to avoid missed diagnosis and delayed disease.","PeriodicalId":7759,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Life Sciences","volume":"53 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79036258","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-16DOI: 10.11648/J.AJLS.20210905.14
W. Oh, Ja-Yoon Choe, Y. Jang
COVID-19 is a new type of infectious respiratory disease that has affected our lives enormously. Many restrictions have been enforced hoping to slow down the spread of the pandemic. Social distancing campaigns have been encouraged, masks have become mandatory and travel has been banned. Understanding the virus is vital in order to find a solution to end the suffering. In this project, we make our own attempt to simulate the spread of COVID-19 in hopes of understanding the spread of the pandemic. As a result, the project build a user-interactive design for the simulation of outbreaks. The project are able to set various parameters that we believe are still less understood. By tweaking these parameters in a well rounded simulation, we can test ideas and gain a visual understanding of what affects the spread. Solutions for flattening the curve were found, and distinguishing the policies that work from those that do not was available. In the project, travel was not restricted to their own region. The project focused more on international travel. The balls would be contained in their own region but at any given time, be able to travel to other contained regions. The effect of travel did not have much impact on the curve once the virus was spread to all regions. Travel restrictions seemed to have the most impact in the initial containment of the virus.
{"title":"The Effect of Masks and Travel with the Simulation of COVID-19 Pandemic","authors":"W. Oh, Ja-Yoon Choe, Y. Jang","doi":"10.11648/J.AJLS.20210905.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.AJLS.20210905.14","url":null,"abstract":"COVID-19 is a new type of infectious respiratory disease that has affected our lives enormously. Many restrictions have been enforced hoping to slow down the spread of the pandemic. Social distancing campaigns have been encouraged, masks have become mandatory and travel has been banned. Understanding the virus is vital in order to find a solution to end the suffering. In this project, we make our own attempt to simulate the spread of COVID-19 in hopes of understanding the spread of the pandemic. As a result, the project build a user-interactive design for the simulation of outbreaks. The project are able to set various parameters that we believe are still less understood. By tweaking these parameters in a well rounded simulation, we can test ideas and gain a visual understanding of what affects the spread. Solutions for flattening the curve were found, and distinguishing the policies that work from those that do not was available. In the project, travel was not restricted to their own region. The project focused more on international travel. The balls would be contained in their own region but at any given time, be able to travel to other contained regions. The effect of travel did not have much impact on the curve once the virus was spread to all regions. Travel restrictions seemed to have the most impact in the initial containment of the virus.","PeriodicalId":7759,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Life Sciences","volume":"49 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72752030","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
As the soul of music, emotion information is widely used in music retrieval and recommendation systems because the pursuit of emotional experience is the main motivation for music listening. In the field of music emotion recognition, computer scientists investigated computation models to automatically detect the perceived emotion of music, but this method ignores the differences between listeners. To provide users with the most accurate music emotion information, this study investigated the effects of physiological features on personalized music emotion recognition (PMER) models, which can automatically identify an individual’s perceived emotion of music. Applying machine learning methods, we formed relations among audio features, physiological features, and music emotions. First, computational modeling analysis shows that physiological features extracted from electrocardiogram and electro-dermal activity signals can predict the perception of music emotion for some individuals. Second, we compared the performance of physiological feature-based perception and feeling models and observed substantial individual differences. In addition, we found that the performance of the perception model and the feeling model is related in predicting happy, relaxed, and sad emotions. Finally, by adding physiological features to the audio-based PMER model, the prediction effect of some individuals was improved. Our work investigated the relationship between physiological state and perceived emotion of music, constructed models with practical value, and provided a reference for the optimization of PMER systems.
{"title":"Physiological State Can Help Predict the Perceived Emotion of Music: Evidence from ECG and EDA Signals","authors":"Liang Xu, Jie Wang, Xin Wen, Zaoyi Sun, Rui Sun, Liuchang Xu, Xiuying Qian","doi":"10.11648/J.AJLS.20210905.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.AJLS.20210905.12","url":null,"abstract":"As the soul of music, emotion information is widely used in music retrieval and recommendation systems because the pursuit of emotional experience is the main motivation for music listening. In the field of music emotion recognition, computer scientists investigated computation models to automatically detect the perceived emotion of music, but this method ignores the differences between listeners. To provide users with the most accurate music emotion information, this study investigated the effects of physiological features on personalized music emotion recognition (PMER) models, which can automatically identify an individual’s perceived emotion of music. Applying machine learning methods, we formed relations among audio features, physiological features, and music emotions. First, computational modeling analysis shows that physiological features extracted from electrocardiogram and electro-dermal activity signals can predict the perception of music emotion for some individuals. Second, we compared the performance of physiological feature-based perception and feeling models and observed substantial individual differences. In addition, we found that the performance of the perception model and the feeling model is related in predicting happy, relaxed, and sad emotions. Finally, by adding physiological features to the audio-based PMER model, the prediction effect of some individuals was improved. Our work investigated the relationship between physiological state and perceived emotion of music, constructed models with practical value, and provided a reference for the optimization of PMER systems.","PeriodicalId":7759,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Life Sciences","volume":"49 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78768149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-11DOI: 10.11648/J.AJLS.20210905.11
Getahun Bekana, K. Assefa
Tef is the foremost cereal crop largely produced and consumed mostly in Ethiopia. It is grown on more than 3.1 million hectares annually. However, it’s productivity relatively low (1.85 t/ha). On the other hand, it gained recently global popularity “Super grain” as healthy and performance food due to its gluten free especially for celiac disease, diabetic and gluten allergy people. It has also high mineral contents like iron for anemia, bone and heart health as well as brain function. Lodging is a major constraint which affect both yields and quality of the grain as well as the straw. This experiment was led to assess genetic variability between the lines relating to lodging and other yield related traits. A total of forty-nine recombinant inbred lines were tested for 16 traits using simple lattice design on two sites. All the traits measured over the sites displayed highly significant differences among the lines except fertile tiller per plant, while their environmental interaction effect also highly significant for most of the traits measured. Grain yield showed the highest phenotypic coefficients of variation (PCV) (26.36%) followed by above ground biomass (23.16%), while the remaining traits showed low ( 60%), whereas half of the remained traits showed low ( 17.02%) and least for number of branches per panicle (0.09%). From all the traits evaluated in this study, plant height, panicle length showed high H2 and aboveground biomass performs relatively high values of GCV, PCV and GAM. Therefore, these traits are important for selection and further improvements. This study revealed that four recombinant inbred lines had higher yield and low lodging index than local as well as standard checks.
{"title":"Genetic Variation, Heritability and Genetic Advance Among Semi-Dwarf Tef [Eragrostis tef (Zucc.) Trotter] Recombinant Inbred Lines with Emphasis to Lodging","authors":"Getahun Bekana, K. Assefa","doi":"10.11648/J.AJLS.20210905.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.AJLS.20210905.11","url":null,"abstract":"Tef is the foremost cereal crop largely produced and consumed mostly in Ethiopia. It is grown on more than 3.1 million hectares annually. However, it’s productivity relatively low (1.85 t/ha). On the other hand, it gained recently global popularity “Super grain” as healthy and performance food due to its gluten free especially for celiac disease, diabetic and gluten allergy people. It has also high mineral contents like iron for anemia, bone and heart health as well as brain function. Lodging is a major constraint which affect both yields and quality of the grain as well as the straw. This experiment was led to assess genetic variability between the lines relating to lodging and other yield related traits. A total of forty-nine recombinant inbred lines were tested for 16 traits using simple lattice design on two sites. All the traits measured over the sites displayed highly significant differences among the lines except fertile tiller per plant, while their environmental interaction effect also highly significant for most of the traits measured. Grain yield showed the highest phenotypic coefficients of variation (PCV) (26.36%) followed by above ground biomass (23.16%), while the remaining traits showed low ( 60%), whereas half of the remained traits showed low ( 17.02%) and least for number of branches per panicle (0.09%). From all the traits evaluated in this study, plant height, panicle length showed high H2 and aboveground biomass performs relatively high values of GCV, PCV and GAM. Therefore, these traits are important for selection and further improvements. This study revealed that four recombinant inbred lines had higher yield and low lodging index than local as well as standard checks.","PeriodicalId":7759,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Life Sciences","volume":"120 1-2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77156255","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-01DOI: 10.22159/IJLS.2021.V9I5.42000
S. Thakar, Deepali Bansode
Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the top 10 causes of mortality and morbidity. Worldwide, yet, it has been over 60 years since a novel drug was introduced in market to treat the disease exclusively. Increased number of drug resistant TB cases has prompted the search for novel potent anti-TB drug. Mycobacterial cell wall has unique structure which provides integrity to the cell. The future development of new potent anti-TB drug targets is associated with the synthesis of various cell wall constituents; the structural and genetic information about mycobacterial cell wall envelope is now available. In the present review, we have focused on prospective drug targets that can be optimum triumph for successful drug candidate.
{"title":"AN EXHAUSTIVE REVIEW ON EMERGING DRUG TARGETS OF TUBERCULOSIS WITH SPECIAL EMPHASIS ON CELL WALL SYNTHESIS","authors":"S. Thakar, Deepali Bansode","doi":"10.22159/IJLS.2021.V9I5.42000","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22159/IJLS.2021.V9I5.42000","url":null,"abstract":"Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the top 10 causes of mortality and morbidity. Worldwide, yet, it has been over 60 years since a novel drug was introduced in market to treat the disease exclusively. Increased number of drug resistant TB cases has prompted the search for novel potent anti-TB drug. Mycobacterial cell wall has unique structure which provides integrity to the cell. The future development of new potent anti-TB drug targets is associated with the synthesis of various cell wall constituents; the structural and genetic information about mycobacterial cell wall envelope is now available. In the present review, we have focused on prospective drug targets that can be optimum triumph for successful drug candidate.","PeriodicalId":7759,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Life Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79908203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-24DOI: 10.11648/J.AJLS.20210904.14
Habtamu Seyoum, Ashenafi Ayano, Berihu Menges
Rapid and mass propagation of clean and quality seedlings in horticulture industry becomes a priority for many countries to supply increasing demand of planting materials. Attempt of exploiting the benefit of heterosis from F1 hybrid and overcoming the shortage of planting materials associated with it needs proper intervention. Tissue culture techniques offer disease free, uniform, and large amount of planting materials. The technique is playing a significant role in advancing agriculture in many developing countries in which the current production has to be doubled by 2050. Specially, countries like Ethiopia in which population growth is very high and food insecurity persist, the need for improved production and productivity through the use of modern technologies become apparent. To feed the tremendously growing population, utilization of biotechnology tools such as micro-propagation in agriculture is helpful. Currently, in Ethiopia, somehow there is a fertile ground to exploit the possible advantage which may be acquired from biotechnology as in the case of sugarcane, banana, pineapple etc. micropropagation that boosted the production. This review is therefore to bold out the development of mass-propagation of selected crops and present the current status of protocol optimization of high value horticultural and spice crops. In the meantime, the development of private tissue culture laboratories makes an encouraging advancement where it has to be largely consolidated and highly linked with innovating laboratories to take over the responsibility of multiplying improved varieties. Thus, it can be concluded that despite the development of biotechnology remains at its early stage, promising results were obtained from micro propagation work and if adequate attention given to rapid development of protocol for mass propagation of high value cash crops, there exist untapped potential of biotechnology in Ethiopia.
{"title":"Current State and Development of Micro Propagation of Selected High Value Crops in Ethiopia: A Review","authors":"Habtamu Seyoum, Ashenafi Ayano, Berihu Menges","doi":"10.11648/J.AJLS.20210904.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.AJLS.20210904.14","url":null,"abstract":"Rapid and mass propagation of clean and quality seedlings in horticulture industry becomes a priority for many countries to supply increasing demand of planting materials. Attempt of exploiting the benefit of heterosis from F1 hybrid and overcoming the shortage of planting materials associated with it needs proper intervention. Tissue culture techniques offer disease free, uniform, and large amount of planting materials. The technique is playing a significant role in advancing agriculture in many developing countries in which the current production has to be doubled by 2050. Specially, countries like Ethiopia in which population growth is very high and food insecurity persist, the need for improved production and productivity through the use of modern technologies become apparent. To feed the tremendously growing population, utilization of biotechnology tools such as micro-propagation in agriculture is helpful. Currently, in Ethiopia, somehow there is a fertile ground to exploit the possible advantage which may be acquired from biotechnology as in the case of sugarcane, banana, pineapple etc. micropropagation that boosted the production. This review is therefore to bold out the development of mass-propagation of selected crops and present the current status of protocol optimization of high value horticultural and spice crops. In the meantime, the development of private tissue culture laboratories makes an encouraging advancement where it has to be largely consolidated and highly linked with innovating laboratories to take over the responsibility of multiplying improved varieties. Thus, it can be concluded that despite the development of biotechnology remains at its early stage, promising results were obtained from micro propagation work and if adequate attention given to rapid development of protocol for mass propagation of high value cash crops, there exist untapped potential of biotechnology in Ethiopia.","PeriodicalId":7759,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Life Sciences","volume":"162 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76988603","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Drought affects all pastoral and agro pastoral communities of the world, whose their livelihood is depend on rain water. It is one of the major constraints to sustainable livelihood of these communities in the arid and semi-arid areas. However, pastorals are using different coping strategies toward its impacts even though their choices are affected by different factors. The study was taken place in Yabello woredas of Boorana Zone, Southern Ethiopia to identify the major factors that affect choices of drought coping strategies by the pastoral and agro pastoral community. A survey was conducted among 288 sample pastoral and agro pastoral households in three kebeles of Yabello woredas area. The study was used mixed method, particularly the concurrent triangulation approach as research design. The study select sample kebeles and household from the districts by Multi stage sampling technique. Multinomial logit model was used to identify the factors which affect the pastoral drought coping strategies. Accordingly, Results from choice model employed indicate that gender, age, education level, market distance, credit, livestock size and income influence Pastorals and agro pastorals choices at 1%, 5% and 10% significance level. Moreover, the result revealed pastorals and agro pastorals whose livelihood depend on rainfall are significantly affected from impact of drought sensitivity with weakened coping strategies. To conclude, there is needed to improve the capability to cope with changing environmental conditions to offsets the negative impacts of droughts.
{"title":"Determinants Choices of Drought Coping Strategies Among Boorana Pastoral Communities: The Case of Yabello Woreda, Oromiya Region, Southern Ethiopia","authors":"Gelgelo Wako Duba, Solomon Tekalign, Tegegne Sishaw","doi":"10.11648/J.AJLS.20210904.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.AJLS.20210904.13","url":null,"abstract":"Drought affects all pastoral and agro pastoral communities of the world, whose their livelihood is depend on rain water. It is one of the major constraints to sustainable livelihood of these communities in the arid and semi-arid areas. However, pastorals are using different coping strategies toward its impacts even though their choices are affected by different factors. The study was taken place in Yabello woredas of Boorana Zone, Southern Ethiopia to identify the major factors that affect choices of drought coping strategies by the pastoral and agro pastoral community. A survey was conducted among 288 sample pastoral and agro pastoral households in three kebeles of Yabello woredas area. The study was used mixed method, particularly the concurrent triangulation approach as research design. The study select sample kebeles and household from the districts by Multi stage sampling technique. Multinomial logit model was used to identify the factors which affect the pastoral drought coping strategies. Accordingly, Results from choice model employed indicate that gender, age, education level, market distance, credit, livestock size and income influence Pastorals and agro pastorals choices at 1%, 5% and 10% significance level. Moreover, the result revealed pastorals and agro pastorals whose livelihood depend on rainfall are significantly affected from impact of drought sensitivity with weakened coping strategies. To conclude, there is needed to improve the capability to cope with changing environmental conditions to offsets the negative impacts of droughts.","PeriodicalId":7759,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Life Sciences","volume":"109 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82490550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-18DOI: 10.37591/RRJOLS.V11I2.3111
E. Vasquez
Monogamy and polygamy are the two reproductive structures for Homo sapiens which have been evolving millenia now rendering and stagnating into social construction rather than underlying in H. sapiens evolved nature. Anatomically, modern H. sapiens emerged and behaved, use energy to fullfill a physiological need, based on the information in their DNA here referred as “code”-driven behaviour; other species conscioulessness also behave on the basis of their genomes and here also some arguments were presented. H. sapiens since the evolution of an innerself or consicousness sustains a physiology which rests upon DNA encription with the difference that behaviours are the result of the mental process of deciding here referred as “choice”-driven behaviour. In the matter of reproductive behaviour, H. sapiens can choose monogamy or polygamy unlike other non-concious species known to this planet. Being the evolved nature of our species that is polygamy, our genomes should be preserved as such for our offspring to have the right to decide, being this the final argument in the matter of single or multiple partners. To become an unfair society will lead towards extinction of H. sapiens, either our species will return to a widespread, accepted and law-regulated polygamy or become generationally extinct. The manuscript also presented evidence which supports a non-specific, male-centered female subordinating polygamy as the prevalent reproductive structure for unconcious species of copulating taxons including only anatomically modern H. sapiens.
{"title":"On the Nature of Reproductive Behaviour of Homo sapiens species: A Narrative Approach","authors":"E. Vasquez","doi":"10.37591/RRJOLS.V11I2.3111","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37591/RRJOLS.V11I2.3111","url":null,"abstract":"Monogamy and polygamy are the two reproductive structures for Homo sapiens which have been evolving millenia now rendering and stagnating into social construction rather than underlying in H. sapiens evolved nature. Anatomically, modern H. sapiens emerged and behaved, use energy to fullfill a physiological need, based on the information in their DNA here referred as “code”-driven behaviour; other species conscioulessness also behave on the basis of their genomes and here also some arguments were presented. H. sapiens since the evolution of an innerself or consicousness sustains a physiology which rests upon DNA encription with the difference that behaviours are the result of the mental process of deciding here referred as “choice”-driven behaviour. In the matter of reproductive behaviour, H. sapiens can choose monogamy or polygamy unlike other non-concious species known to this planet. Being the evolved nature of our species that is polygamy, our genomes should be preserved as such for our offspring to have the right to decide, being this the final argument in the matter of single or multiple partners. To become an unfair society will lead towards extinction of H. sapiens, either our species will return to a widespread, accepted and law-regulated polygamy or become generationally extinct. The manuscript also presented evidence which supports a non-specific, male-centered female subordinating polygamy as the prevalent reproductive structure for unconcious species of copulating taxons including only anatomically modern H. sapiens.","PeriodicalId":7759,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Life Sciences","volume":"67 1","pages":"14-19"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85138969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：