The aim of this study was to evaluate serum liver enzymes’ activities and hepatic histoarchitecture in partially feed-deprived Clarias gariepinus (African Catfish). A total of forty-eight (48) active, live and apparently normal catfish randomly placed into two groups were used for this study. Fish in control group (labeled B) were fed with 4% of their body weight twice daily while fish in the feed-deprived group (labeled A) were fed with 25% of that quantity fed to the control group. Blood and liver samples were obtained at intervals of 7 days for 28 days for alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and for histopathology respectively. Results revealed significantly higher (P < 0.05) values for ALT, AST and ALP in the feed-deprived group (A) compared to the control group (B). On histopathology, liver sections of feed-deprived fish showed lipid vacuolation and this became accentuated over the period and most prominent on day 28. The study has demonstrated that starvation in catfish produced liver damage reflected by increase in serum activities of these liver enzymes.
{"title":"Effect of Partial Feed Deprivation on Serum Liver Enzymes’ Activities and Hepatic Histoarchitecture in Clarias gariepinus (African Catfish)","authors":"B. S. Aliyu, S. Sambo, O. Orakpoghenor","doi":"10.32861/AJLS.71.22.27","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32861/AJLS.71.22.27","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this study was to evaluate serum liver enzymes’ activities and hepatic histoarchitecture in partially feed-deprived Clarias gariepinus (African Catfish). A total of forty-eight (48) active, live and apparently normal catfish randomly placed into two groups were used for this study. Fish in control group (labeled B) were fed with 4% of their body weight twice daily while fish in the feed-deprived group (labeled A) were fed with 25% of that quantity fed to the control group. Blood and liver samples were obtained at intervals of 7 days for 28 days for alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and for histopathology respectively. Results revealed significantly higher (P < 0.05) values for ALT, AST and ALP in the feed-deprived group (A) compared to the control group (B). On histopathology, liver sections of feed-deprived fish showed lipid vacuolation and this became accentuated over the period and most prominent on day 28. The study has demonstrated that starvation in catfish produced liver damage reflected by increase in serum activities of these liver enzymes.","PeriodicalId":7759,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Life Sciences","volume":"17 1","pages":"22-27"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90026910","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-22DOI: 10.11648/J.AJLS.20210901.13
A. Orukpe, Geofrey Obinna Anoliefo, B. Ikhajiagbe
For sustainable space exploration there is need for torrential food supply. Apart from food in storage, constant production is vital as this could also serve as a source of Oxygen when activated during space expedition. However, the impact of gravity in crop development is significant. This study therefore, investigated the morphological and physiological responses of Maize (Zea mays) seedlings subjected to clinorotation. Agar Agar was used as source of nutrient for the developing seedlings. The Agar was prepared by measuring 1 – 1.5 g and made up to 100 ml with tap water. Seeds were collected in the seed bank of the Space-Earth Environment Research Laboratory, Benin City. Three sets of petri dishes were prepared and marked; one for normal surface, one rotated at 90°C and another set for clinorotation. Those for clinorotation were rotated at three different times; with 1, 2, and 3 rpm for 6 hrs respectively. The plumule, radicle and Enzyme activities were measured and analysed after four days. Results showed significant difference in germination parameters as occasioned by microgravity. Where as clinorotation enhanced radicule length (1.8-2.1cm), effect on plumule was minimal (p>0.05). Significant increase in CAT activity in the plumule was reported (7.59mol/sec) in the clinorotated (1rpm) seed compared to the control (2.56mol/sec). MDA activity in both radicle and plumule were higher than that of the control (p<0.05). Microscopic study of the cells was carried out using a binocular microscope (Labo) with a camera and result showed that the normal surface sample cells were arranged concentrically with spaces, while that of clinorotated seeds were arranged concentrically but highly packed with little spaces for the plumule. For the radicle, the normal surface sample cells were scattered within the plant with more spaces, while that of clinorotated were mostly clustered throughout.
{"title":"Effects of Clinorotation on the Enzyme Activities and Morphology of Zea mays Seedlings","authors":"A. Orukpe, Geofrey Obinna Anoliefo, B. Ikhajiagbe","doi":"10.11648/J.AJLS.20210901.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.AJLS.20210901.13","url":null,"abstract":"For sustainable space exploration there is need for torrential food supply. Apart from food in storage, constant production is vital as this could also serve as a source of Oxygen when activated during space expedition. However, the impact of gravity in crop development is significant. This study therefore, investigated the morphological and physiological responses of Maize (Zea mays) seedlings subjected to clinorotation. Agar Agar was used as source of nutrient for the developing seedlings. The Agar was prepared by measuring 1 – 1.5 g and made up to 100 ml with tap water. Seeds were collected in the seed bank of the Space-Earth Environment Research Laboratory, Benin City. Three sets of petri dishes were prepared and marked; one for normal surface, one rotated at 90°C and another set for clinorotation. Those for clinorotation were rotated at three different times; with 1, 2, and 3 rpm for 6 hrs respectively. The plumule, radicle and Enzyme activities were measured and analysed after four days. Results showed significant difference in germination parameters as occasioned by microgravity. Where as clinorotation enhanced radicule length (1.8-2.1cm), effect on plumule was minimal (p>0.05). Significant increase in CAT activity in the plumule was reported (7.59mol/sec) in the clinorotated (1rpm) seed compared to the control (2.56mol/sec). MDA activity in both radicle and plumule were higher than that of the control (p<0.05). Microscopic study of the cells was carried out using a binocular microscope (Labo) with a camera and result showed that the normal surface sample cells were arranged concentrically with spaces, while that of clinorotated seeds were arranged concentrically but highly packed with little spaces for the plumule. For the radicle, the normal surface sample cells were scattered within the plant with more spaces, while that of clinorotated were mostly clustered throughout.","PeriodicalId":7759,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Life Sciences","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91553393","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-20DOI: 10.31901/24566306.2021/13.1-2.257
Md. Golam Hossain
The world community including Bangladesh is doing its best to control COVID-19 but its effects on mental health are not being adequately addressed. This study aimed to investigate the psychological distress of COVID-19 among Bangladeshi adults. This cross-sectional study is conducted from 10 to 20 April, 2020, through an online survey and 320 samples were selected by simple random sampling. The frequency distribution revealed that 23.8 percent, 30.9 percent and 45.3 percent of the respondents were suffering from low, moderate, and high levels of psychological distress. Male, professions other than service and housewife, and large family size were the most influential predictors of psychological distress. This study revealed that the psychological impact of the COVID-19 pandemic was remarkably significant in Bangladesh and it might emerge as a serious public health concern. The country should prepare and realize guidelines for psychological crisis management in this regard.
{"title":"Psychological Distress among Bangladeshi Adults during the Covid-19 Pandemic: A Cross-sectional Study","authors":"Md. Golam Hossain","doi":"10.31901/24566306.2021/13.1-2.257","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31901/24566306.2021/13.1-2.257","url":null,"abstract":"The world community including Bangladesh is doing its best to control COVID-19 but its effects on mental health are not being adequately addressed. This study aimed to investigate the psychological distress of COVID-19 among Bangladeshi adults. This cross-sectional study is conducted from 10 to 20 April, 2020, through an online survey and 320 samples were selected by simple random sampling. The frequency distribution revealed that 23.8 percent, 30.9 percent and 45.3 percent of the respondents were suffering from low, moderate, and high levels of psychological distress. Male, professions other than service and housewife, and large family size were the most influential predictors of psychological distress. This study revealed that the psychological impact of the COVID-19 pandemic was remarkably significant in Bangladesh and it might emerge as a serious public health concern. The country should prepare and realize guidelines for psychological crisis management in this regard.","PeriodicalId":7759,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Life Sciences","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82218917","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Agricultural production is very sensitive to climate change, and it suffers from periodic outbreaks of insect pests which cause considerable losses especially in the humid and sub-humid tropics which severely constrain the productivity potential of global agriculture under changing climate conditions. The oil palm leaf miner is a major pest of the oil palm. Mathematical relationships between the leaf miner insect stages and weather factors were developed for pest predictions and forecasting. Decadal variation in air temperature was characterized by wide differences between 1961 – 1970 and 2001 – 2010. The assessment of the sensitivity of leaf miner to variability in weather and climate conditions is important in view of evidence that show expansion of pest ranges as a result of climate variability impacts. The study has established an upward increase in temperature, attributed to climate change, with a concomitant increase in leaf miner abundance between 1980 and 2010. Larvae showed an increasing trend for the observed period. When this observation was correlated with the weather (temperature, rainfall, and relative humidity) during these periods, it could be inferred that there was proliferation as a result of weather changes. This was different from the decreasing trend observed during the 1976 – 1980 period. Pupae showed a decreasing trend for the observed period. Adults showed an increasing trend for the observed period. It could be inferred that adults were proliferating due to temperature increases and rainfall decreases. An incremental increase in temperature could help explain fluctuations in insect pest populations within and between years. Thus climatic conditions greatly influenced seasonal leaf miner populations. The climate forecast up to 2050 indicates an upward trend in temperature and a downward trend in rainfall and relative humidity. This followed the climate trend between 1961 and 2010. This study contributes to the understanding of the insect pest-weather relationship in broad agricultural and food security terms. A major advantage is the potential for limiting the spread of outbreaks through timely control of early pest infestations.
{"title":"Climate Change Impacts and Forecasts of Oil Palm Leaf Miner Populations","authors":"Aneni Thomas Idemudia, Adaigbe Victor Chuks","doi":"10.32861/AJLS.71.1.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32861/AJLS.71.1.13","url":null,"abstract":"Agricultural production is very sensitive to climate change, and it suffers from periodic outbreaks of insect pests which cause considerable losses especially in the humid and sub-humid tropics which severely constrain the productivity potential of global agriculture under changing climate conditions. The oil palm leaf miner is a major pest of the oil palm. Mathematical relationships between the leaf miner insect stages and weather factors were developed for pest predictions and forecasting. Decadal variation in air temperature was characterized by wide differences between 1961 – 1970 and 2001 – 2010. The assessment of the sensitivity of leaf miner to variability in weather and climate conditions is important in view of evidence that show expansion of pest ranges as a result of climate variability impacts. The study has established an upward increase in temperature, attributed to climate change, with a concomitant increase in leaf miner abundance between 1980 and 2010. Larvae showed an increasing trend for the observed period. When this observation was correlated with the weather (temperature, rainfall, and relative humidity) during these periods, it could be inferred that there was proliferation as a result of weather changes. This was different from the decreasing trend observed during the 1976 – 1980 period. Pupae showed a decreasing trend for the observed period. Adults showed an increasing trend for the observed period. It could be inferred that adults were proliferating due to temperature increases and rainfall decreases. An incremental increase in temperature could help explain fluctuations in insect pest populations within and between years. Thus climatic conditions greatly influenced seasonal leaf miner populations. The climate forecast up to 2050 indicates an upward trend in temperature and a downward trend in rainfall and relative humidity. This followed the climate trend between 1961 and 2010. This study contributes to the understanding of the insect pest-weather relationship in broad agricultural and food security terms. A major advantage is the potential for limiting the spread of outbreaks through timely control of early pest infestations.","PeriodicalId":7759,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Life Sciences","volume":"55 1","pages":"1-13"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83542151","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The present investigation aimed at comparing meat qualities of broiler chickens reared on deep litter as affected by skip-a-day feed restriction and strain. A total number of two hundred and eighty-eight (288) unsexed day-old broilers comprising of 96 chicks each of Arbor acre, Marshall and Hubbard strains of broiler chickens raised on intensive housing systems were used to evaluate the organoleptic attributes. The chicks were allotted randomly to 12 pens per strain. The birds were distributed into four treatments with three replicates per treatment. An organoleptic test was carried out using the breast muscle at the 8th week. The cuts were salted and kept inside labeled polythene bags and steamed to the temperature of 72ᶿC. A total of ten trained individuals aged between 20 and 30 years (males and females) were employed to assess the coded meat samples. Equal bite size from each treatment was coded, replicated thrice, and served for evaluation by the trainees. Analyzed results revealed that the organoleptic parameters such as Aroma, flavor, tenderness, juiciness, texture, and overall acceptability were not significantly affected by both the different feeding regimes and strains of broiler chickens.
{"title":"Comparison of Selected Meat Qualities of Broiler Chickens as Affected by Feed Restriction and Strain at Finisher Phase","authors":"Akinyemi Felicia Omolola, Olawumi Simeon Olutoye","doi":"10.32861/AJLS.71.14.16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32861/AJLS.71.14.16","url":null,"abstract":"The present investigation aimed at comparing meat qualities of broiler chickens reared on deep litter as affected by skip-a-day feed restriction and strain. A total number of two hundred and eighty-eight (288) unsexed day-old broilers comprising of 96 chicks each of Arbor acre, Marshall and Hubbard strains of broiler chickens raised on intensive housing systems were used to evaluate the organoleptic attributes. The chicks were allotted randomly to 12 pens per strain. The birds were distributed into four treatments with three replicates per treatment. An organoleptic test was carried out using the breast muscle at the 8th week. The cuts were salted and kept inside labeled polythene bags and steamed to the temperature of 72ᶿC. A total of ten trained individuals aged between 20 and 30 years (males and females) were employed to assess the coded meat samples. Equal bite size from each treatment was coded, replicated thrice, and served for evaluation by the trainees. Analyzed results revealed that the organoleptic parameters such as Aroma, flavor, tenderness, juiciness, texture, and overall acceptability were not significantly affected by both the different feeding regimes and strains of broiler chickens.","PeriodicalId":7759,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Life Sciences","volume":"25 1","pages":"14-16"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83721572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study evaluated the distribution of particulates (PM1, PM 2.5, PM 4, PM 7, PM 10, and TSP) around smallholder gari production facilities in the Niger Delta, Nigeria. The particulates were evaluated at 3 distances (3.05, 7.62, and 15.24 m) from emission source in the dry season (November, January, and March) and wet season (May, July, and September) in Delta, Bayelsa, Rivers, and Abia states. A mini-volume air sampler was used to assess the concentration of particulates, while health risk was assessed following standard protocol using median and geometric mean as reference values. The particulates ranged from 11.54 – 14.99 µg/m3, 18.70 – 22.34 µg/m3, 26.12 – 36.04 µg/m3, 37.00 – 52.26 µg/m3, 46.91 – 72.49 µg/m3 and 57.94 – 99.49 µg/m3 for PM1, PM2.5, PM4, PM7, PM10 and TSP, respectively. There were statistical variations (p<0.05) across months, distances, and locations of study and their interactions. The particulates correlates positively at p<0.01 with higher concentrations recorded for the dry season as opposed to the wet season, (indication of seasonal influence). The health risk assessment indicated a slight to moderate pollution in both seasons across the study area, which should be taken into advisement when considering long-term exposure to sensitive groups. Hence, there is a need to adopt a sustainable management of emissions due to gari production from cassava tuber.
{"title":"Particulates Distribution Around Smallholder Gari Production Facilities in the Niger Delta, Nigeria","authors":"Glory Richard","doi":"10.32861/AJLS.71.17.21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32861/AJLS.71.17.21","url":null,"abstract":"This study evaluated the distribution of particulates (PM1, PM 2.5, PM 4, PM 7, PM 10, and TSP) around smallholder gari production facilities in the Niger Delta, Nigeria. The particulates were evaluated at 3 distances (3.05, 7.62, and 15.24 m) from emission source in the dry season (November, January, and March) and wet season (May, July, and September) in Delta, Bayelsa, Rivers, and Abia states. A mini-volume air sampler was used to assess the concentration of particulates, while health risk was assessed following standard protocol using median and geometric mean as reference values. The particulates ranged from 11.54 – 14.99 µg/m3, 18.70 – 22.34 µg/m3, 26.12 – 36.04 µg/m3, 37.00 – 52.26 µg/m3, 46.91 – 72.49 µg/m3 and 57.94 – 99.49 µg/m3 for PM1, PM2.5, PM4, PM7, PM10 and TSP, respectively. There were statistical variations (p<0.05) across months, distances, and locations of study and their interactions. The particulates correlates positively at p<0.01 with higher concentrations recorded for the dry season as opposed to the wet season, (indication of seasonal influence). The health risk assessment indicated a slight to moderate pollution in both seasons across the study area, which should be taken into advisement when considering long-term exposure to sensitive groups. Hence, there is a need to adopt a sustainable management of emissions due to gari production from cassava tuber.","PeriodicalId":7759,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Life Sciences","volume":"26 1","pages":"17-21"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77459434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-02-10DOI: 10.36348/SJLS.2021.V06I02.002
A. Al-Miraj, Md. Arifur Reza Sikder, M. Ullah, Md. Arif Uddin Khan, M. Mominul, Haque, Shohel Mahmud Khan, Kawsur Ahmed, Md. Enamul Hoque, Md. Magfur Rahman, Md. Abdul Baset, Md., A. Haque
Background: Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (PCI) is the preferred method of revascularization in Acute ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction (STEMI). Aim: Our aim was to study the clinical profile and outcomes of patients who underwent PCI for STEMI at tertiary cardiac centre of Bangladesh. Methods: It is a retrospective, single centre study, performed at Bangabandu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Dhaka, Bangladesh. All patients who underwent PCI for STEMI from November 2017 to July 2019 were enrolled in this study. All the data were collected from hospital registry and cath lab records. Results: The Study showed that out of 232 patients who presented with STEMI, 74.5% were male with average age of 57.39 years. The mean time of presentation after onset of symptom/s was 17.5 hours. About 66% patients presented in less than 12 hours of symptoms onset, 21% presented at 12-24 hours of symptoms onset and 13% patients presented late. Primary PCI was done in 87% of patients. Almost all patients (98.2%) underwent coronary artery stenting with drug eluting stents. Multivessel PCI during index procedure was done in 7 patients. TIMI III flow following PCI was achieved in 97% cases. Average LVEF at discharge was 44.73%. There were 8 deaths, all after Primary PCI. In-hospital mortality rates for patients presenting with and without cardiogenic shock were 38.46% and 1.59% respectively. The overall mortality rate was 3.98%. Conclusion: This study has reemphasized that PCI is effective in the management of STEMI cases in Bangladesh with improving mortality rates and decreasing complications. Minimizing the delayed presentation after the onset of symptoms should be one of the prime focuses for effective management of STEMI.
{"title":"“Study of Clinical Profile and Outcomes of Percutaneous Coronary Intervention in ST Elevation Myocardial Infraction”","authors":"A. Al-Miraj, Md. Arifur Reza Sikder, M. Ullah, Md. Arif Uddin Khan, M. Mominul, Haque, Shohel Mahmud Khan, Kawsur Ahmed, Md. Enamul Hoque, Md. Magfur Rahman, Md. Abdul Baset, Md., A. Haque","doi":"10.36348/SJLS.2021.V06I02.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36348/SJLS.2021.V06I02.002","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (PCI) is the preferred method of revascularization in Acute ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction (STEMI). Aim: Our aim was to study the clinical profile and outcomes of patients who underwent PCI for STEMI at tertiary cardiac centre of Bangladesh. Methods: It is a retrospective, single centre study, performed at Bangabandu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Dhaka, Bangladesh. All patients who underwent PCI for STEMI from November 2017 to July 2019 were enrolled in this study. All the data were collected from hospital registry and cath lab records. Results: The Study showed that out of 232 patients who presented with STEMI, 74.5% were male with average age of 57.39 years. The mean time of presentation after onset of symptom/s was 17.5 hours. About 66% patients presented in less than 12 hours of symptoms onset, 21% presented at 12-24 hours of symptoms onset and 13% patients presented late. Primary PCI was done in 87% of patients. Almost all patients (98.2%) underwent coronary artery stenting with drug eluting stents. Multivessel PCI during index procedure was done in 7 patients. TIMI III flow following PCI was achieved in 97% cases. Average LVEF at discharge was 44.73%. There were 8 deaths, all after Primary PCI. In-hospital mortality rates for patients presenting with and without cardiogenic shock were 38.46% and 1.59% respectively. The overall mortality rate was 3.98%. Conclusion: This study has reemphasized that PCI is effective in the management of STEMI cases in Bangladesh with improving mortality rates and decreasing complications. Minimizing the delayed presentation after the onset of symptoms should be one of the prime focuses for effective management of STEMI.","PeriodicalId":7759,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Life Sciences","volume":"12 1","pages":"28-32"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86688489","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-02-01DOI: 10.5352/JLS.2021.31.2.109
Jin Gyu Go, Sun Park, Soon-Young Kim
Oryzalin is a dinitroaniline herbicide that has been known to disrupt microtubules. Microtubules and microfilaments are components of cytoskeletons that are implicated in plant cell growth, which requires the synthesis of cellulose when cell walls elongate. In addition, microtubules are also involved in the sedimentation of statoliths, which regulate the perception of gravity in the columella cells of root tips. In this study, we investigated the effect of oryzalin on the growth and gravitropic response of Arabidopsis roots. The role of ethylene in oryzalin’s effect was also examined using these roots. Treatment of oryzalin at a concentration of 10 M completely inhibited the roots’ growth and gravitropic response. At a concentration of 10 M oryzalin, root growth was inhibited by 47% at 8 hr when compared to control. Gravitropic response was inhibited by about 38% compared to control in roots treated with 10 M oryzalin for 4 hr. To understand the role of oryzalin in the regulation of root growth and gravitropic response, we measured ethylene production in root segments treated with oryzalin. It was found that the addition of oryzalin stimulated ethylene production through the activation of ACC oxidase and ACC synthase genes, which are key components in the synthesis of ethylene. From these findings, it can be inferred that oryzalin inhibits the growth and gravitropic response of Arabidopsis roots by stimulating ethylene production. The increased ethylene alters the arrangement of the microtubules, which eventually interferes with the growth of the cell wall.
{"title":"The Effect of Oryzalin on Growth and Gravitropism in Arabidopsis Roots","authors":"Jin Gyu Go, Sun Park, Soon-Young Kim","doi":"10.5352/JLS.2021.31.2.109","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5352/JLS.2021.31.2.109","url":null,"abstract":"Oryzalin is a dinitroaniline herbicide that has been known to disrupt microtubules. Microtubules and microfilaments are components of cytoskeletons that are implicated in plant cell growth, which requires the synthesis of cellulose when cell walls elongate. In addition, microtubules are also involved in the sedimentation of statoliths, which regulate the perception of gravity in the columella cells of root tips. In this study, we investigated the effect of oryzalin on the growth and gravitropic response of Arabidopsis roots. The role of ethylene in oryzalin’s effect was also examined using these roots. Treatment of oryzalin at a concentration of 10 M completely inhibited the roots’ growth and gravitropic response. At a concentration of 10 M oryzalin, root growth was inhibited by 47% at 8 hr when compared to control. Gravitropic response was inhibited by about 38% compared to control in roots treated with 10 M oryzalin for 4 hr. To understand the role of oryzalin in the regulation of root growth and gravitropic response, we measured ethylene production in root segments treated with oryzalin. It was found that the addition of oryzalin stimulated ethylene production through the activation of ACC oxidase and ACC synthase genes, which are key components in the synthesis of ethylene. From these findings, it can be inferred that oryzalin inhibits the growth and gravitropic response of Arabidopsis roots by stimulating ethylene production. The increased ethylene alters the arrangement of the microtubules, which eventually interferes with the growth of the cell wall.","PeriodicalId":7759,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Life Sciences","volume":"94 3 1","pages":"109-114"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91331122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-30DOI: 10.11648/J.AJLS.20210901.12
M. Jafar, Gezu Degefa, Girma Wakgari, Gebisa Benti
Garlic (Allium sativum L.) belongs to the family Alliaceae and is the second most widely used Allium next to onion. Eastern Hararghe has a considerable potential agro ecology which is suitable for garlic production. However, lack of improved and adaptable varieties of this crop is the major production constraints to study area. A field experiment was conducted for two consecutive years (2019 and 20120) during the cropping season on farmers’ land at Kombolcha and Gursum districts. The objective of the study was to identify adaptable, high yielding and diseases tolerant garlic varieties for study area and similar agro ecology. The treatments arranged in randomized complete block design with three replications. The treatments were consisted of five garlic varieties (Chelenko I, Kuriftu, Tsedey 92, HL and Chefe) and one local check. The result of the study showed significant differences among varieties for all the recorded traits except days to maturity. Among the varieties, Tsedey 92 provided about 54.3% and 13.3% yield advantages over the local and standard check, respectively. Also Tsedey 92 was tolerant to rust disease than other varieties and local cultivar. Therefore, for sustainable garlic production and productivity in study area Tsedey 92 was recommended and need to be demonstrated.
{"title":"Adaptation Trail of Garlic (Allium sativum L.) Varieties in the High Land of Eastern Hararghe Zone, Oromia, Ethiopia","authors":"M. Jafar, Gezu Degefa, Girma Wakgari, Gebisa Benti","doi":"10.11648/J.AJLS.20210901.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.AJLS.20210901.12","url":null,"abstract":"Garlic (Allium sativum L.) belongs to the family Alliaceae and is the second most widely used Allium next to onion. Eastern Hararghe has a considerable potential agro ecology which is suitable for garlic production. However, lack of improved and adaptable varieties of this crop is the major production constraints to study area. A field experiment was conducted for two consecutive years (2019 and 20120) during the cropping season on farmers’ land at Kombolcha and Gursum districts. The objective of the study was to identify adaptable, high yielding and diseases tolerant garlic varieties for study area and similar agro ecology. The treatments arranged in randomized complete block design with three replications. The treatments were consisted of five garlic varieties (Chelenko I, Kuriftu, Tsedey 92, HL and Chefe) and one local check. The result of the study showed significant differences among varieties for all the recorded traits except days to maturity. Among the varieties, Tsedey 92 provided about 54.3% and 13.3% yield advantages over the local and standard check, respectively. Also Tsedey 92 was tolerant to rust disease than other varieties and local cultivar. Therefore, for sustainable garlic production and productivity in study area Tsedey 92 was recommended and need to be demonstrated.","PeriodicalId":7759,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Life Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89495662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-28DOI: 10.11648/J.AJLS.20210901.11
R. Dargie, T. Meleta
The experiment was conducted on research field of Sinana Agricultural Research center and Goro sub site in the highlands of Bale, south eastern Ethiopia under rain fed conditions during main cropping season of 2018 and 2019 to evaluate the integrated effects of pre-emergence (Dual gold 960 EC), post emergence (Gallant super) herbicides and hand weeding frequencies on yield and yield components of chick pea. The experiment consisted of eight weed management options; sole dual gold 960 EC, dual gold 960 EC + one time hand weeding at two weeks after crop emergence, and dual gold 960 EC at four weeks after crop emergence, sole gallant super, gallant super and one time hand weeding, weedy check, one time hand weeding at two weeks after crop emergence and two times hand weeding at two and four weeks after crop emergence along with two varieties (Dhera and Habru) laid out in randomized complete block (RCBD) with three replications. Analysis of variance showed that a significant difference in number of branches per plant, biological yield (kg ha-1), and grain yield (kg ha-1) were observed on different herbicidal treatments and hand weeding at Sinana while at Goro significant effects of integrated weed management were observed on dry matter, plant height, biological yield, grain yield and harvest index. The remains parameters studied at both locations were no significant for the treatments studied. The highest net return obtained from the application of 1.5 lit ha-1 dual gold 960 EC integrated with hand weeding at four weeks after crop emergence while the highest net return at Goro was obtained from two times hand weeding at two and four weeks after crop emergence and hence can be recommended for the end users. Moreover, similar experiments should be carried out in different cold and warmer regions of chickpea potential areas of the zone to confirm the present findings.
{"title":"Influence of Integrated Weed Management Practices on Yield and Yield Components of Chickpea in Southeastern of Ethiopia","authors":"R. Dargie, T. Meleta","doi":"10.11648/J.AJLS.20210901.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.AJLS.20210901.11","url":null,"abstract":"The experiment was conducted on research field of Sinana Agricultural Research center and Goro sub site in the highlands of Bale, south eastern Ethiopia under rain fed conditions during main cropping season of 2018 and 2019 to evaluate the integrated effects of pre-emergence (Dual gold 960 EC), post emergence (Gallant super) herbicides and hand weeding frequencies on yield and yield components of chick pea. The experiment consisted of eight weed management options; sole dual gold 960 EC, dual gold 960 EC + one time hand weeding at two weeks after crop emergence, and dual gold 960 EC at four weeks after crop emergence, sole gallant super, gallant super and one time hand weeding, weedy check, one time hand weeding at two weeks after crop emergence and two times hand weeding at two and four weeks after crop emergence along with two varieties (Dhera and Habru) laid out in randomized complete block (RCBD) with three replications. Analysis of variance showed that a significant difference in number of branches per plant, biological yield (kg ha-1), and grain yield (kg ha-1) were observed on different herbicidal treatments and hand weeding at Sinana while at Goro significant effects of integrated weed management were observed on dry matter, plant height, biological yield, grain yield and harvest index. The remains parameters studied at both locations were no significant for the treatments studied. The highest net return obtained from the application of 1.5 lit ha-1 dual gold 960 EC integrated with hand weeding at four weeks after crop emergence while the highest net return at Goro was obtained from two times hand weeding at two and four weeks after crop emergence and hence can be recommended for the end users. Moreover, similar experiments should be carried out in different cold and warmer regions of chickpea potential areas of the zone to confirm the present findings.","PeriodicalId":7759,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Life Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":"1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89119136","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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