Pub Date : 2021-08-05DOI: 10.31901/24566306.2021/13.1-2.259
Julio C. Garay-Jimenez
ABSTRACT The current study involves the synthesis of fourteen analogs of oligochitosan and their screening for antiviral potential against human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and Coxsackie virus. The synthesized oligochitosan analogs were characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and FTIR techniques. HIV-1 p24 ELISA was performed using HIV-1 p24 antigen capture assay in order to estimate the viral infectivity loss. It was observed that sulfated oligochitosan was devoid of antiviral activity as compared to oligochitosan UN102 analog. The rest of UN102 analogs which include N-thiol (UN105), N-glutaryl (UN106), N-Azido (UN111) and N-phthaloyl (UN114) and N-citric analog (UN117) exhibited antiviral activity against HIV. The UN102 also decreased viral infection caused by RSV. In addition, UN102 was found to bind Coxsackie virus, which causes autoimmune myocarditis. The findings were of great interest to proceed for the development of novel antiviral agents.
{"title":"A New Range of Chitosan Based Nano-antiviral Agents","authors":"Julio C. Garay-Jimenez","doi":"10.31901/24566306.2021/13.1-2.259","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31901/24566306.2021/13.1-2.259","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The current study involves the synthesis of fourteen analogs of oligochitosan and their screening for antiviral potential against human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and Coxsackie virus. The synthesized oligochitosan analogs were characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and FTIR techniques. HIV-1 p24 ELISA was performed using HIV-1 p24 antigen capture assay in order to estimate the viral infectivity loss. It was observed that sulfated oligochitosan was devoid of antiviral activity as compared to oligochitosan UN102 analog. The rest of UN102 analogs which include N-thiol (UN105), N-glutaryl (UN106), N-Azido (UN111) and N-phthaloyl (UN114) and N-citric analog (UN117) exhibited antiviral activity against HIV. The UN102 also decreased viral infection caused by RSV. In addition, UN102 was found to bind Coxsackie virus, which causes autoimmune myocarditis. The findings were of great interest to proceed for the development of novel antiviral agents.","PeriodicalId":7759,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Life Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83085547","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-15DOI: 10.11648/J.AJLS.20210904.12
Minda Tadesse
In Ethiopia, the coffee production is highly constrained by drought. To overcome such problem, knowing the behavior of coffee genotype’s biomass accumulation pattern to different parts under contrasting moisture stress is important in selection of drought tolerant genotypes. Therefore, the objectives of the present study were to evaluate and characterize the biomass partitioning patterns of Harerghe coffee genotypes as influenced by deficit irrigation in rain shelter at Jimma agricultural research center. An experiment was conducted in completely randomized block design with three replications, where treatments consisted of three deficit level (40, 80 and 120% of ETc) and six genotypes (H-674/98, H-739/98, H-823/98, H-981/98, H-929/98 and H-857/98). The result showed that the coffee dry-biomass partitioning patterns were significantly varied due deficit irrigation and genotypes as well as their interactions. Overall, the biomass assimilation and allocation were higher for roots (37%) under 40% ETc and finally dropped to 23% under well watered seedlings, the investment made in root at the expense of shoot in drought conditions, enables the plants to extract more water from dipper soil layers, if water is limited in upper soil layers Conversely, the dry matters portioned to leaf were greater (48%) under well watered seedlings and finally dropped to 26% under water stressed conditions. The accumulation of more dry-mater to leaf in well irrigated environment enables the plants to enhance photosynthetic capacity and thereby improve plant growth. Lastly, the study of dry biomass partitioning patterns in different parts of coffee plant is crucial important to decide appropriate watering amount and identifying drought tolerant genotypes for future breeding program under variable climatic conditions.
{"title":"Biomass Mass Production and Partitioning in Seedling of Harerghe Coffee Genotypes Under Deficit Irrigation at Jimma, Southwest Ethiopia","authors":"Minda Tadesse","doi":"10.11648/J.AJLS.20210904.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.AJLS.20210904.12","url":null,"abstract":"In Ethiopia, the coffee production is highly constrained by drought. To overcome such problem, knowing the behavior of coffee genotype’s biomass accumulation pattern to different parts under contrasting moisture stress is important in selection of drought tolerant genotypes. Therefore, the objectives of the present study were to evaluate and characterize the biomass partitioning patterns of Harerghe coffee genotypes as influenced by deficit irrigation in rain shelter at Jimma agricultural research center. An experiment was conducted in completely randomized block design with three replications, where treatments consisted of three deficit level (40, 80 and 120% of ETc) and six genotypes (H-674/98, H-739/98, H-823/98, H-981/98, H-929/98 and H-857/98). The result showed that the coffee dry-biomass partitioning patterns were significantly varied due deficit irrigation and genotypes as well as their interactions. Overall, the biomass assimilation and allocation were higher for roots (37%) under 40% ETc and finally dropped to 23% under well watered seedlings, the investment made in root at the expense of shoot in drought conditions, enables the plants to extract more water from dipper soil layers, if water is limited in upper soil layers Conversely, the dry matters portioned to leaf were greater (48%) under well watered seedlings and finally dropped to 26% under water stressed conditions. The accumulation of more dry-mater to leaf in well irrigated environment enables the plants to enhance photosynthetic capacity and thereby improve plant growth. Lastly, the study of dry biomass partitioning patterns in different parts of coffee plant is crucial important to decide appropriate watering amount and identifying drought tolerant genotypes for future breeding program under variable climatic conditions.","PeriodicalId":7759,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Life Sciences","volume":"48 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73987669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-30DOI: 10.11648/J.AJLS.20210903.13
B. Abate, Nagasa Dechassa
The production and productivity of coffee is affected by many insect pests and Ethiopian farmers get below 0.636 tons per hectare. Among insect pests Antestia bug is the major coffee insect pest affecting coffee productions. Therefore, the study was carried out to determine the frequency of promised Entomopathogenic fungi isolates against antestia bug. The experiment was done in Jimma Agricultural Research Center, Entomology and Pathology laboratories. Used entomopathogenic fungi isolates were brought from Ambo Agricultural Research Center. Two isolates of Beauvaria bassiana, PPRC-44BC and PPRC-27J isolates applied at 1x108 conidia ml-1 and three times were used for the experiment. Completely randomized design with three replications and probit analysis were used for data analysis by using SAS software version 9.3. PPRC-44BC and PPRC-27J isolates killed all the tested Antestia bugs in exposure time. The isolates applied three times reduced median lethal time by 42.13 and 38.89%, respectively as compared to with their respective one time application. The correlation result also showed that there was strong negative correlation between application frequency of isolates and median lethal times (LT50 and LT90 were r=-0.811 and r=-0.714, respectively). The study indicated that the more frequently applied isolates the shorter the median lethal time. This showed promising result in the microbials based insect pest management methods and need further investigations under field conditions and the effect of these isolates against natural enemies of the pest.
{"title":"Application Frequency of Beauvaria bassiana Isolates Against Antestia Bugs (Antetiopsis intircata: Pentatomidea, Hemimptera) Management","authors":"B. Abate, Nagasa Dechassa","doi":"10.11648/J.AJLS.20210903.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.AJLS.20210903.13","url":null,"abstract":"The production and productivity of coffee is affected by many insect pests and Ethiopian farmers get below 0.636 tons per hectare. Among insect pests Antestia bug is the major coffee insect pest affecting coffee productions. Therefore, the study was carried out to determine the frequency of promised Entomopathogenic fungi isolates against antestia bug. The experiment was done in Jimma Agricultural Research Center, Entomology and Pathology laboratories. Used entomopathogenic fungi isolates were brought from Ambo Agricultural Research Center. Two isolates of Beauvaria bassiana, PPRC-44BC and PPRC-27J isolates applied at 1x108 conidia ml-1 and three times were used for the experiment. Completely randomized design with three replications and probit analysis were used for data analysis by using SAS software version 9.3. PPRC-44BC and PPRC-27J isolates killed all the tested Antestia bugs in exposure time. The isolates applied three times reduced median lethal time by 42.13 and 38.89%, respectively as compared to with their respective one time application. The correlation result also showed that there was strong negative correlation between application frequency of isolates and median lethal times (LT50 and LT90 were r=-0.811 and r=-0.714, respectively). The study indicated that the more frequently applied isolates the shorter the median lethal time. This showed promising result in the microbials based insect pest management methods and need further investigations under field conditions and the effect of these isolates against natural enemies of the pest.","PeriodicalId":7759,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Life Sciences","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81951071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-08DOI: 10.31901/24566306.2021/13.1-2.260
S. Roy
ABSTRACT Rural tribal children of India are facing difficult growing conditions. It is very important to track the nutritional status of tribal children to understand their current situation. The present study was conducted to understand the nutritional status of Santhal children of Paschim Medinipur in West Bengal, India. The present study is cross-sectional, ex-post-facto research. The study depicts that nearly one-third of the study children are undernourished (26.38% stunted, 37.78% underweight, 25.73% thin). A higher percentage of underweight (41.6%), stunting (29.8%) and thinness (28%) can be observed among boys compared to the girls (33.6%, 22.6%, 23.3% respectively) in this area. The differences in the nutritional status of boys and girls are not statistically significant. The study concludes that Santhal children of this area are facing difficult situations concerning nutritional status, which indirectly indicates compromised health and wellbeing
{"title":"Nutritional Status of Primary Schoolgoing Santhal Children of Paschim Medinipur District, West Bengal, India","authors":"S. Roy","doi":"10.31901/24566306.2021/13.1-2.260","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31901/24566306.2021/13.1-2.260","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Rural tribal children of India are facing difficult growing conditions. It is very important to track the nutritional status of tribal children to understand their current situation. The present study was conducted to understand the nutritional status of Santhal children of Paschim Medinipur in West Bengal, India. The present study is cross-sectional, ex-post-facto research. The study depicts that nearly one-third of the study children are undernourished (26.38% stunted, 37.78% underweight, 25.73% thin). A higher percentage of underweight (41.6%), stunting (29.8%) and thinness (28%) can be observed among boys compared to the girls (33.6%, 22.6%, 23.3% respectively) in this area. The differences in the nutritional status of boys and girls are not statistically significant. The study concludes that Santhal children of this area are facing difficult situations concerning nutritional status, which indirectly indicates compromised health and wellbeing","PeriodicalId":7759,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Life Sciences","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79094226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-03DOI: 10.31901/24566306.2021/13.1-2.258
S. Banerjee
ABSTRACT The aim of the present study was to investigate the maternal healthcare services in Eastern Indian States (West Bengal, Odisha, Jharkhand, Bihar). The present study also tried to understand the effect of socio-economic and demographic factors in the utilization of maternal health care services in the above mentioned states of India, using NFHS-4 data. The present study considered only those women who conceived baby within last five years. All the study women were married and the age range was 15-49 years. Total sample size consisted of 170995 of ever married women. For statistical analysis, Pearson Chi-squre test and Binary logistic regression were performed. The present study revealed that statistically significant difference in utilization of maternal health care services were present among women of different Eastern Indian states.The present study also depicted that residential pattern, caste, religion, respondent’s occupation, respondent’s age, respondent’s educational attainments, Wealth Index had significant association with maternal health care services
{"title":"Study on Maternal Health Care Services in the Eastern Indian States","authors":"S. Banerjee","doi":"10.31901/24566306.2021/13.1-2.258","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31901/24566306.2021/13.1-2.258","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The aim of the present study was to investigate the maternal healthcare services in Eastern Indian States (West Bengal, Odisha, Jharkhand, Bihar). The present study also tried to understand the effect of socio-economic and demographic factors in the utilization of maternal health care services in the above mentioned states of India, using NFHS-4 data. The present study considered only those women who conceived baby within last five years. All the study women were married and the age range was 15-49 years. Total sample size consisted of 170995 of ever married women. For statistical analysis, Pearson Chi-squre test and Binary logistic regression were performed. The present study revealed that statistically significant difference in utilization of maternal health care services were present among women of different Eastern Indian states.The present study also depicted that residential pattern, caste, religion, respondent’s occupation, respondent’s age, respondent’s educational attainments, Wealth Index had significant association with maternal health care services","PeriodicalId":7759,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Life Sciences","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80975793","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-14DOI: 10.11648/J.AJLS.20210902.13
Guta waktole Weyesa
Despite considerable efforts made throughout the century to eradicate or control malaria it is still the most prevalent and most devastating disease in the global tropics. The disease has a negative effect on the economic growth and perpetuates vicious cycles of poverty especially in the developing parts of the world. It costs Africa US$10 – 12 billion every year in lost domestic product even though it could be controlled for a fraction of that sum. In Africa, the malaria causes about 20% of cerebral conditions leading to coma and death. One important strategy to prevent malaria infection is the use of insecticide treated mosquito net. Many researches were done in Ethiopia on the prevalence of malaria. Even though many researches were done on the prevalence of malaria in other place of the country, no any recent study conducted in Sigmo Health centre. Since knowing the prevalence of malaria is very important and the prevalence of malaria in Sigmo Health centre is yet not well known the investigator was interested to do research on this area to fill the knowledge gap. The main objective of this study is to assess the prevalence of malaria from 2000 to 2009, in the case of Sigmo health center, Jimma zone, South-west Ethiopia. The study was conducted in Sigmo health centre, Sigmo woreda, located in Jimma zone from Dec 2016 to August 2017. The source of population was all patients admitted at Sigmo health center from 2000-2009. Secondary data collected from from the health centre was used as a source of data. After collected data cleared and checked for their completeness, the data were analyzed by using a scientific calculator. Accordingly compared to other areas, in the current study site, the prevalence of malaria was low (3%) throughout the years (2000-2009). The most prevalent parasite in the study site was plasmodium vivax (76%) and female were the most affected by malaria. Thus, the declining pattern of malaria infection in the study area could be evidence for intense intervention strategies undertaking in the study area.
{"title":"Assessing the Prevalence of Malaria, in the Case of Sigmo Health Center, Sigmo Woreda, Jimma Zone, South West Ethiopia","authors":"Guta waktole Weyesa","doi":"10.11648/J.AJLS.20210902.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.AJLS.20210902.13","url":null,"abstract":"Despite considerable efforts made throughout the century to eradicate or control malaria it is still the most prevalent and most devastating disease in the global tropics. The disease has a negative effect on the economic growth and perpetuates vicious cycles of poverty especially in the developing parts of the world. It costs Africa US$10 – 12 billion every year in lost domestic product even though it could be controlled for a fraction of that sum. In Africa, the malaria causes about 20% of cerebral conditions leading to coma and death. One important strategy to prevent malaria infection is the use of insecticide treated mosquito net. Many researches were done in Ethiopia on the prevalence of malaria. Even though many researches were done on the prevalence of malaria in other place of the country, no any recent study conducted in Sigmo Health centre. Since knowing the prevalence of malaria is very important and the prevalence of malaria in Sigmo Health centre is yet not well known the investigator was interested to do research on this area to fill the knowledge gap. The main objective of this study is to assess the prevalence of malaria from 2000 to 2009, in the case of Sigmo health center, Jimma zone, South-west Ethiopia. The study was conducted in Sigmo health centre, Sigmo woreda, located in Jimma zone from Dec 2016 to August 2017. The source of population was all patients admitted at Sigmo health center from 2000-2009. Secondary data collected from from the health centre was used as a source of data. After collected data cleared and checked for their completeness, the data were analyzed by using a scientific calculator. Accordingly compared to other areas, in the current study site, the prevalence of malaria was low (3%) throughout the years (2000-2009). The most prevalent parasite in the study site was plasmodium vivax (76%) and female were the most affected by malaria. Thus, the declining pattern of malaria infection in the study area could be evidence for intense intervention strategies undertaking in the study area.","PeriodicalId":7759,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Life Sciences","volume":"47 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90608920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-08DOI: 10.11648/J.AJLS.20210902.12
M. Yousuf, T. Getachew, E. Bayou
This study was conducted to study the morphological characteristics of indigenous goats breed under farmer’s management condition in Ancher and Gemechis districts, West Hararghe Zone, Eastern Ethiopia. The most frequently observed coat color pattern of goat was (60.8%) plain, (9.1%) spotted and (30.1%) were patchy coat color and coat color type in the study area was brown (36.8%) followed by white (24.7%). Heart girth had consistently the highest correlation coefficient (0.80), (0.76), (0.90) with body weight of intact male, female and castrated male goat respectively in both study districts. The mean of body weight, body length, chest girth, wither height, chest width, pelvic width, face length, horn length, rump length, ear length intact male are 38.1±0.7, 65.2±0.63, 74.0±0.70, 69.0±0.48, 15.0±0.12, 15.±0.14, 19.8±0.18, 16.0±0.56, 16.0±0.23, 14.4±0.14, respectively. The corresponding values for the female goat were 32.0±0.22, 62.0±0.20, 70.0±0.22, 64.7±0.15, 14.2±0.04, 13.8±0.04, 19.0±0.06, 12.0±0.23, 15.0±0.07, 14.1±0.04, respectively. The mean of body weight, body length, chest girth, wither height, chest width, pelvic width, face length, horn length, rump length, ear length castrated male are 44.4±0.42, 69.6±0.37, 78.9±0.42, 72.9±0.29, 15.1±0.07, 16.4±0.08, 20.5±0.12, 18.1±0.44, 15.8±0.14, 14.7±0.08, respectively. The body weight of castrated male goat was higher than the intact male and female goat in both districts. As conclusion castrated male goat has potential for improving income and to increase economy of smallholder farmers in the study areas as well as in the surrounding areas.
{"title":"On farm Phenotypic Characterization of Indigenous Goat Breeds within Their Production System in Ancher and Gemechis Districts, West Hararghe Zone, Eastern Ethiopia","authors":"M. Yousuf, T. Getachew, E. Bayou","doi":"10.11648/J.AJLS.20210902.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.AJLS.20210902.12","url":null,"abstract":"This study was conducted to study the morphological characteristics of indigenous goats breed under farmer’s management condition in Ancher and Gemechis districts, West Hararghe Zone, Eastern Ethiopia. The most frequently observed coat color pattern of goat was (60.8%) plain, (9.1%) spotted and (30.1%) were patchy coat color and coat color type in the study area was brown (36.8%) followed by white (24.7%). Heart girth had consistently the highest correlation coefficient (0.80), (0.76), (0.90) with body weight of intact male, female and castrated male goat respectively in both study districts. The mean of body weight, body length, chest girth, wither height, chest width, pelvic width, face length, horn length, rump length, ear length intact male are 38.1±0.7, 65.2±0.63, 74.0±0.70, 69.0±0.48, 15.0±0.12, 15.±0.14, 19.8±0.18, 16.0±0.56, 16.0±0.23, 14.4±0.14, respectively. The corresponding values for the female goat were 32.0±0.22, 62.0±0.20, 70.0±0.22, 64.7±0.15, 14.2±0.04, 13.8±0.04, 19.0±0.06, 12.0±0.23, 15.0±0.07, 14.1±0.04, respectively. The mean of body weight, body length, chest girth, wither height, chest width, pelvic width, face length, horn length, rump length, ear length castrated male are 44.4±0.42, 69.6±0.37, 78.9±0.42, 72.9±0.29, 15.1±0.07, 16.4±0.08, 20.5±0.12, 18.1±0.44, 15.8±0.14, 14.7±0.08, respectively. The body weight of castrated male goat was higher than the intact male and female goat in both districts. As conclusion castrated male goat has potential for improving income and to increase economy of smallholder farmers in the study areas as well as in the surrounding areas.","PeriodicalId":7759,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Life Sciences","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77474680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-04-29DOI: 10.11648/J.AJLS.20210902.11
Hina Afzal Sajid, Ahmad Ali, Y. Khan, A. Rabbani, K. Hussain, Nayab Arshad, Rabia Khan
A novel coronavirus has become a major health issue worldwide, initially founded in Wuhan city, province of china, in the end of December 2019. Now it has widely spread across 215 countries. On 30th of January 2020, World Health Organization (WHO) declared sixth public health emergency of international concern (PHEIC) to be COVID-19 outbreak as pandemic. Easing up on lockdowns and mandatory precautionary strategies has led to a sharp increment in mortalities across the world. Fear of third wave in different countries, World health organizations (WHO) and governments have to give the Standard Operation Protocols SOPs for coming wave of pandemic. Countries have not yet achieved the complete control of the spread of COVID-19 and third wave of infection is already beginning throughout the world. Many experts are predicting that COVID-19 may extend its stay and countries need to continue exercise stringent quarantine, lockdown, social-distancing and use of face masks as well as personal and environmental hygiene is very important to evade the risk of this virus. Countries will need strict actions like smart lockdown, restrict the gathering of peoples, self-isolation, social-distancing, health measures including COVID-19 vaccines, better adherence towards quarantine, responsible mass and social media, and implement mitigating measures to combat COVID-19.
{"title":"COVID-19: Third Wave Feared as Cases Soar and Precautionary Measures","authors":"Hina Afzal Sajid, Ahmad Ali, Y. Khan, A. Rabbani, K. Hussain, Nayab Arshad, Rabia Khan","doi":"10.11648/J.AJLS.20210902.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.AJLS.20210902.11","url":null,"abstract":"A novel coronavirus has become a major health issue worldwide, initially founded in Wuhan city, province of china, in the end of December 2019. Now it has widely spread across 215 countries. On 30th of January 2020, World Health Organization (WHO) declared sixth public health emergency of international concern (PHEIC) to be COVID-19 outbreak as pandemic. Easing up on lockdowns and mandatory precautionary strategies has led to a sharp increment in mortalities across the world. Fear of third wave in different countries, World health organizations (WHO) and governments have to give the Standard Operation Protocols SOPs for coming wave of pandemic. Countries have not yet achieved the complete control of the spread of COVID-19 and third wave of infection is already beginning throughout the world. Many experts are predicting that COVID-19 may extend its stay and countries need to continue exercise stringent quarantine, lockdown, social-distancing and use of face masks as well as personal and environmental hygiene is very important to evade the risk of this virus. Countries will need strict actions like smart lockdown, restrict the gathering of peoples, self-isolation, social-distancing, health measures including COVID-19 vaccines, better adherence towards quarantine, responsible mass and social media, and implement mitigating measures to combat COVID-19.","PeriodicalId":7759,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Life Sciences","volume":"58 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84815388","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Objective: Coronavirus (Covid 19) is a dangerous viral disease that principally targets the respiratory system of human beings. The main objective of this study is to evaluate the significant effects resulting from Covid19 using radiologic CT scanning technology. Methods: The recent study was conducted in order to evaluate covid19 among the local public. The sample size for this study consisted of two hundred and thirty (230) patients diagnosed with coronavirus and underwent a chest computed tomography scan. The study was conducted at Najran city, between the period from September to December 2020. Results: The results showed that it is possible to diagnose the complications of coronavirus that affects the respiratory tract in an accurate manner using chest CT imaging and the main results revealed that coronavirus COVID-19 affected all, but males more than female. (50-60) Age group was the big distribution while acute respiratory failure is the most common clinical etiology. The CT scan findings revealed that bilateral pneumonia was the common complication with a high incidence rate of 32% percent and blood coagulation achieved 5% percent as the minimum distribution result. Conclusion: The sensitivity of the CT scans in assessing COVID-19 was significantly high, it has the efficiency to assess complications of COVID-19 in an accurate manner, and therefore it has been proposed to use CT scan as a complementary method in covid-19 diagnosis. More studies on coronavirus disease were recommended by the author.
{"title":"Role of Radiologic Computed Tomography in Evaluating Coronavirus (COVID-19) Patients","authors":"M. Aldosh","doi":"10.32861/AJLS.72.39.44","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32861/AJLS.72.39.44","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: Coronavirus (Covid 19) is a dangerous viral disease that principally targets the respiratory system of human beings. The main objective of this study is to evaluate the significant effects resulting from Covid19 using radiologic CT scanning technology. Methods: The recent study was conducted in order to evaluate covid19 among the local public. The sample size for this study consisted of two hundred and thirty (230) patients diagnosed with coronavirus and underwent a chest computed tomography scan. The study was conducted at Najran city, between the period from September to December 2020. Results: The results showed that it is possible to diagnose the complications of coronavirus that affects the respiratory tract in an accurate manner using chest CT imaging and the main results revealed that coronavirus COVID-19 affected all, but males more than female. (50-60) Age group was the big distribution while acute respiratory failure is the most common clinical etiology. The CT scan findings revealed that bilateral pneumonia was the common complication with a high incidence rate of 32% percent and blood coagulation achieved 5% percent as the minimum distribution result. Conclusion: The sensitivity of the CT scans in assessing COVID-19 was significantly high, it has the efficiency to assess complications of COVID-19 in an accurate manner, and therefore it has been proposed to use CT scan as a complementary method in covid-19 diagnosis. More studies on coronavirus disease were recommended by the author.","PeriodicalId":7759,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Life Sciences","volume":"49 1","pages":"39-44"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72867372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-04-01DOI: 10.5352/JLS.2021.31.4.442
박지아, 강현본, 최윤식
미세 플라스틱은 입자의 크기가 5 mm 이하인 플라스틱 조각을 말하며 미세 플라스틱의 오염은 해양 생태계와 인간의 건강과 관련되어 전 세계적인 관심사이다. 광범위하게 오염되어 있는 관계로, 미세 플라스틱은 물고기, 담치, 굴, 조개, 가리비와 같이 다양한 동물에 섭취되어 체내에 축적된다. 게다가, 섭취된 미세 플라스틱은 소장, 간, 신장 그리고 심지어 뇌에서도 높은 농도로 관찰된다. 해산물은 인간에게 있어 주요 단백질 공급원 중 하나이므로, 해산물의 소비는 인간이 미세 플라스틱에 노출되는 경로가 될 수 있다. 많은 근거들은 설치류에서 미세 플라스틱의 반복적인 경구 투여가 생식, 심장, 소화기, 내분비 그리고 심지어 신경계에서 병리적, 기능적 변화를 유도함을 가리킨다. 더욱이, 임신기와 수유기 동안 모체가 미세 플라스틱에 노출되면 새끼에서 대사의 항상성에 변화가 일어난다. 해산물은 세계적으로 3억 1천만 명 이상의 사람들에게 20% 이상의 단백질 공급원이라는 사실을 고려할 때, 미세 플라스틱은 인간의 몸에 축적되어 생리적 기능에 장애를 유발할 수 있다고 가정하는 것이 타당하다. 본 리뷰에서 우리는 해양에서 미세 플라스틱 오염의 현재 실태와 해양 동물 및 설치류에서 미세 플라스틱의 축적과 독성, 그리고 인간에게의 노출과 인간 건강에 미치는 잠재적인 영향에 대해 요약하였다.
{"title":"해양 환경의 미세 플라스틱과 인간의 건강에 미치는 영향","authors":"박지아, 강현본, 최윤식","doi":"10.5352/JLS.2021.31.4.442","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5352/JLS.2021.31.4.442","url":null,"abstract":"미세 플라스틱은 입자의 크기가 5 mm 이하인 플라스틱 조각을 말하며 미세 플라스틱의 오염은 해양 생태계와 인간의 건강과 관련되어 전 세계적인 관심사이다. 광범위하게 오염되어 있는 관계로, 미세 플라스틱은 물고기, 담치, 굴, 조개, 가리비와 같이 다양한 동물에 섭취되어 체내에 축적된다. 게다가, 섭취된 미세 플라스틱은 소장, 간, 신장 그리고 심지어 뇌에서도 높은 농도로 관찰된다. 해산물은 인간에게 있어 주요 단백질 공급원 중 하나이므로, 해산물의 소비는 인간이 미세 플라스틱에 노출되는 경로가 될 수 있다. 많은 근거들은 설치류에서 미세 플라스틱의 반복적인 경구 투여가 생식, 심장, 소화기, 내분비 그리고 심지어 신경계에서 병리적, 기능적 변화를 유도함을 가리킨다. 더욱이, 임신기와 수유기 동안 모체가 미세 플라스틱에 노출되면 새끼에서 대사의 항상성에 변화가 일어난다. 해산물은 세계적으로 3억 1천만 명 이상의 사람들에게 20% 이상의 단백질 공급원이라는 사실을 고려할 때, 미세 플라스틱은 인간의 몸에 축적되어 생리적 기능에 장애를 유발할 수 있다고 가정하는 것이 타당하다. 본 리뷰에서 우리는 해양에서 미세 플라스틱 오염의 현재 실태와 해양 동물 및 설치류에서 미세 플라스틱의 축적과 독성, 그리고 인간에게의 노출과 인간 건강에 미치는 잠재적인 영향에 대해 요약하였다.","PeriodicalId":7759,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Life Sciences","volume":"36 1","pages":"442-451"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89602244","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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