Surface Engineering and Applied Electrochemistry最新文献

英文中文

Graphene Modified ZnO/Polyaniline Electrode Material for Electrochemical Sensing of Phenol Compounds 用于苯酚化合物电化学传感的石墨烯改性氧化锌/聚苯胺电极材料

IF 0.9 Q3 Engineering

Surface Engineering and Applied Electrochemistry

Pub Date : 2023-12-14 DOI: 10.3103/s1068375523060133

La Ode Agus Salim, Kurnia Sri Yunita, Irwan Irwan, Toshiyuki Nakai

Abstract

This study was aimed at developing an electrochemical sensor for the detection of phenol, a harmful organic pollutant for both humans and the environment. The sensor was developed by investigating metal oxide and conductive polymer modifiers on graphene electrodes to enhance the sensitivity for the phenol detection. In this research, the production of an electrode is discussed that is very sensitive to phenolic compounds using a composite of zinc oxide and polyaniline modified graphene (Gr/ZnO@PANi). The Gr/ZnO nanocomposite synthesis was carried out using a simple hydrothermal method and modification of PANi on the electrode surface by the electropolymerization method. It was found that the Gr/ZnO@PANi composite electrode can detect phenol effectively, with an efficient electron transfer occurring at a low oxidation potential. Additionally, it was observed that the electrode sensitivity to the phenol concentration was remarkably linear within a range of 10^–6–10^–1 M, and its limit of detection was as low as 0.0515 μM. Furthermore, the Gr/ZnO@PANi composite electrode exhibited excellent stability in detecting phenolic compounds, as indicated by the low stability coefficients of the relative standard deviation for reproducibility (0.37%) and the randomized strategic demand reduction (1.02%). Those findings suggest that the new Gr/ZnO@ PANi composite electrode is a promising tool for the sensitive detection of phenol in the environment, which could contribute to mitigating its negative impacts on human health and ecosystems. Future studies could explore the potential applications of this sensor for detecting other types of pollutants as well.

摘要本研究旨在开发一种电化学传感器，用于检测对人体和环境有害的有机污染物苯酚。该传感器通过研究金属氧化物和导电聚合物改性剂在石墨烯电极上的作用，以提高对苯酚检测的灵敏度。在本研究中，讨论了使用氧化锌和聚苯胺改性石墨烯(Gr/ZnO@PANi)的复合材料生产对酚类化合物非常敏感的电极。采用简单的水热法合成了Gr/ZnO纳米复合材料，并采用电聚合法对电极表面的聚苯胺进行了修饰。结果表明，Gr/ZnO@PANi复合电极在低氧化电位下具有高效的电子转移，可以有效地检测苯酚。电极对苯酚浓度的灵敏度在10-6-10-1 M范围内呈显著的线性关系，检出限低至0.0515 μM。此外，Gr/ZnO@PANi复合电极具有较低的重复性相对标准偏差(0.37%)和随机策略需求减少(1.02%)的稳定系数，在检测酚类化合物方面表现出优异的稳定性。这些发现表明，新型Gr/ZnO@ PANi复合电极是一种很有前途的环境中苯酚敏感检测工具，有助于减轻其对人类健康和生态系统的负面影响。未来的研究可以探索这种传感器在检测其他类型污染物方面的潜在应用。

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引用次数: 0

Kinetics and Mechanism of Methylene Blue Adsorption by a TiO2/Diatomite Nanocomposite and Its Components TiO2/Diatomite 纳米复合材料及其成分吸附亚甲基蓝的动力学和机理

IF 0.9 Q3 Engineering

Surface Engineering and Applied Electrochemistry

Pub Date : 2023-12-14 DOI: 10.3103/s1068375523060078

T. Ya. Datsko, V. I. Zelentsov

Abstract

A study was made of the kinetics of the adsorption of the methylene blue dye from an aqueous solution on the photocatalyst DDT (nanosized titanium dioxide in the anatase phase, deposited on diatomite) and its components: diatomite D and anatase TiO₂. The effect of the initial concentration and pH of the methylene blue solution on the rate of the adsorption process was investigated. The kinetic data of adsorption were processed using two simplified kinetic models, one of the pseudo-first-order and the other of pseudo-second-order. To investigate the adsorption mechanism, a model of intraparticle diffusion kinetics was employed. The adsorption kinetics of methylene blue on the surfaces of D, TiO₂, and DDT was found to be best described by the pseudo-second-order model. It was shown that the adsorption of methylene blue on the D and DDT adsorbents is a multistep process involving adsorption on the external surface and inside particles, with the limiting step being a chemical reaction. For the adsorption on TiO₂, the limiting step is the external diffusion.

摘要研究了光催化剂DDT(硅藻土上沉积的锐钛矿相纳米二氧化钛)及其组分硅藻土D和锐钛矿TiO2对水溶液中亚甲基蓝染料的吸附动力学。考察了亚甲基蓝溶液的初始浓度和pH对吸附速率的影响。采用拟一级和拟二级两种简化的吸附动力学模型对吸附动力学数据进行了处理。为了研究吸附机理，采用了颗粒内扩散动力学模型。亚甲基蓝在D、TiO2和DDT表面的吸附动力学可以用拟二阶模型来描述。结果表明，亚甲基蓝在D和DDT吸附剂上的吸附是一个多步骤的过程，包括外表面和颗粒内部的吸附，其限制步骤是化学反应。对于TiO2的吸附，限制步骤是外扩散。

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引用次数: 0

Influence of the Volume of a Cylindrical Discharge Chamber with Rigid Walls on the Pressure Field in the Water Filling It 带刚性壁的圆柱形排放室容积对填充水中压力场的影响

IF 0.9 Q3 Engineering

Surface Engineering and Applied Electrochemistry

Pub Date : 2023-12-14 DOI: 10.3103/s1068375523060121

V. M. Kosenkov

Abstract

The volume of the discharge chamber has a great influence on the pressure field in the water filling it and on the efficiency of many technological processes; therefore, the study of the relationship between the volume of the chamber and the pressure in it is an urgent task. However, at present, the role of the volume of the discharge chamber in the formation of the pressure field in it has been insufficiently studied. The purpose of this work is to fill the gap. The study was carried out on the basis of a previously developed mathematical model of an electric discharge in water, the adequacy of which was substantiated via a comparison of the simulation results with experimental data. It is determined that the closed volume of the discharge chamber with rigid walls significantly affects the formation of the pressure field in the water filling it. In this case, the interaction of waves reflected from the walls of the discharge chamber with the surface of the discharge channel in water and the vapor-gas cavity is of decisive importance. The reflected waves determine the period and amplitude of the pulsation of the discharge channel and the vapor-gas cavity, thereby influencing the electrical characteristics of the discharge. This influence increases with decreasing the chamber volume.

摘要排料室的容积对充入排料室的水的压力场和许多工艺过程的效率有很大的影响;因此，研究腔体容积与腔内压力的关系是一项紧迫的任务。然而，目前对放电腔体积在放电腔内压力场形成中的作用研究还不够充分。这项工作的目的是填补这一空白。本研究是在先前建立的水中放电数学模型的基础上进行的，通过模拟结果与实验数据的比较证实了该数学模型的充分性。确定了刚性壁面放电室的封闭体积对充水压力场的形成有显著影响。在这种情况下，从放电室壁面反射的波与水中放电通道表面和汽-气腔的相互作用具有决定性的重要性。反射波决定放电通道和汽-气腔脉动的周期和幅度，从而影响放电的电特性。这种影响随着燃烧室体积的减小而增大。

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引用次数: 0

Electroactivation: An Advanced Method of Processing of Whey with Medium Protein Content 电激活：加工中等蛋白质含量乳清的先进方法

IF 0.9 Q3 Engineering

Surface Engineering and Applied Electrochemistry

Pub Date : 2023-12-14 DOI: 10.3103/s1068375523060145

I. V. Paladii, E. G. Vrabie, M. K. Bologa, V. G. Vrabie, T. G. Stepurina, A. A. Polikarpov, K. G. Sprinchan

Abstract

The results of the studies of electroactivation, an emerging method of nonwaste processing of secondary dairy products, namely, whey with a medium protein content, in order to recover whey proteins into protein mineral concentrates, are presented. Processing was carried out in electrolyzers with different ratios of the volume of the processed whey to the surface of the electrode/cathode with different constructive and geometric parameters, which influences the specific energy consumption per unit volume. The main purpose was the maximum recovery of whey proteins into protein mineral concentrates at low energy costs, and the exclusion of “dead” or inefficient zones of diaphragm electrolyzers. The degree of the recovery of whey protein depending on the pH values, the redox potential, and the temperature during electroactivation was analyzed. This justifies the optimization of the technical parameters of electrolyzers for whey with a medium protein content.

摘要介绍了一种新兴的对中等蛋白质含量的乳清进行无废物处理的方法——电活化法的研究结果，该方法旨在将乳清蛋白回收为蛋白质矿物浓缩物。在不同结构参数和几何参数的电解槽中，以不同的乳清体积与电极/阴极表面的比例进行加工，影响单位体积比能耗。主要目的是以低能量成本最大限度地将乳清蛋白回收为蛋白质矿物浓缩物，并排除隔膜电解槽的“死亡”或低效区域。分析了电活化过程中pH值、氧化还原电位和温度对乳清蛋白回收率的影响。这为优化中等蛋白含量乳清的电解槽技术参数提供了依据。

引用次数: 0

Preparation of L(+)-Lactic Acid upon Electroactivation of Serum 电活化血清制备 L(+)- 乳酸

IF 0.9 Q3 Engineering

Surface Engineering and Applied Electrochemistry

Pub Date : 2023-12-14 DOI: 10.3103/s1068375523060182

I. I. Vutkareva, G. K. Balan, M. K. Bologa

Abstract

The results from investigations of obtaining the L(+) optical isomer of lactic acid from different types of whey are presented: of the initial, fermented, and concentrated in an electrolysis-type apparatus with a separating diaphragm. The rate of obtaining the L(+) isomer of lactic acid in the anode chamber of the electrolyzer was determined depending on the concentration of whey.

摘要介绍了从不同乳清中提取乳酸的L(+)光学异构体的研究结果:乳酸的初始、发酵和在分离隔膜式电解装置中的浓缩。乳酸的L(+)同分异构体在电解槽的阳极室中得到的速率取决于乳清的浓度。

引用次数: 0

Enhancing the Efficiency of Silicon Solar Cells through Nickel Doping 通过掺镍提高硅太阳能电池的效率

IF 0.9 Q3 Engineering

Surface Engineering and Applied Electrochemistry

Pub Date : 2023-12-14 DOI: 10.3103/s1068375523060108

Z. T. Kenzhaev, N. F. Zikrillaev, K. S. Ayupov, K. A. Ismailov, S. V. Koveshnikov, T. B. Ismailov

Abstract

It was demonstrated that the concentration of nickel atoms near the surface of solar cells (SCs) is higher by 2–3 orders of magnitude in comparison with the bulk material, resulting in a significantly increased gettering rate in the former case. Experiments determined the optimal gettering conditions for nickel clusters (nickel diffusion temperature 800–850°C and additional thermal annealing temperature 750–800°C) and the structure of a silicon SC that enhances its efficiency by 25–30% in comparison with the reference structure. Physical mechanisms were identified for the effect of the diffusion of nickel impurity atoms and additional thermal annealing on the state of nickel atoms near the surface and the SC base and, consequently, on SC parameters. Physical models were developed for the structure of a cluster of nickel atoms in silicon and for the gettering process of fast-diffusing impurities by clusters of nickel atoms. The binding energy of fast-diffusing impurity atoms with a nickel cluster was estimated to be approximately 1.39 eV. Calculations showed that nickel doping can increase the minority carrier lifetime and the collection coefficient by factors of 2–4 and 1.4–2, respectively. Experiments demonstrated a twofold increase in minority carrier lifetime and a 25–30% improvement in the efficiency of SCs.

摘要:研究表明，太阳能电池(SCs)表面附近的镍原子浓度比块状材料高2-3个数量级，从而显著提高了吸收率。实验确定了镍团簇的最佳捕集条件(镍扩散温度800-850℃，外加热退火温度750-800℃)和硅SC的结构，与参考结构相比，硅SC的效率提高了25-30%。确定了镍杂质原子的扩散和额外的热处理对表面和SC碱附近镍原子状态的影响的物理机制，从而影响SC参数。建立了硅中镍原子团簇结构的物理模型和镍原子团簇对快速扩散杂质的吸附过程的物理模型。快速扩散的杂质原子与镍团簇的结合能约为1.39 eV。计算结果表明，掺杂镍可使少量载流子寿命和收集系数分别提高2 ~ 4倍和1.4 ~ 2倍。实验表明，少数载流子寿命增加了两倍，sc的效率提高了25-30%。

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引用次数: 0

Investigation and Modelling of Copper Electroforming Process for Surface Roughness Parameters Using Regression and Pareto ANOVA Analyses 利用回归分析和帕累托方差分析对铜电铸工艺的表面粗糙度参数进行研究和建模

IF 0.9 Q3 Engineering

Surface Engineering and Applied Electrochemistry

Pub Date : 2023-12-14 DOI: 10.3103/s1068375523060066

Amir Masoud Behagh, Alireza Fadaei Tehrani

Abstract

The objective of this paper was to examine the effect of such deposited copper electroforming process control parameters as the applied voltage, the process time, the filler content, and the copper sulfate concentration on the surface roughness. For this purpose, an electroforming setup was made using a copper sulfate electroforming bath. A full factorial method was used to design the experiments with four control factors, each of them of two levels. After conducting each experiment, the prepared copper electroformed samples were characterized using a contact profilemeter and measuring certain surface roughness parameters, namely, the average roughness, the root mean square roughness, the average maximum height of the profile, and the autocorrelation length. Finally, the regression modelling was used to obtain a predictive model based on the measurements data. Also, the Pareto ANOVA analysis was performed for each surface roughness parameter to evaluate the contribution ratio of the control factors. The results demonstrated that a different control factor is dominant for each surface roughness parameter.

摘要本文研究了镀铜电铸工艺控制参数如施加电压、工艺时间、填料含量、硫酸铜浓度等对表面粗糙度的影响。为此，采用硫酸铜电铸浴建立了电铸装置。采用全因子法设计4个控制因子，每个控制因子为2个水平。每次实验结束后，用接触轮廓仪对制备的铜电铸样品进行表征，测量表面粗糙度参数，即平均粗糙度、均方根粗糙度、平均最大轮廓高度和自相关长度。最后，利用回归建模方法，根据实测数据建立预测模型。此外，对每个表面粗糙度参数进行Pareto方差分析，以评估控制因素的贡献率。结果表明，不同的表面粗糙度参数具有不同的控制因子。

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引用次数: 0

On the Issue of Calculating the Magnitude of Induced Charges and the Electrostatic Dipole of an Oblate Spheroid with an Axis of Symmetry Collinear to the External Homogeneous Electrostatic Field 关于计算对称轴与外部均质静电场平行的扁球体的感应电荷量和静电偶极子的问题

IF 0.9 Q3 Engineering

Surface Engineering and Applied Electrochemistry

Pub Date : 2023-12-14 DOI: 10.3103/s106837552306011x

N. Yu. Kolbneva

Abstract

The values of the surface induced charges, the positions of their centers, and the value of the equivalent dipole of an oblate conducting spheroid are determined by transition from spheroidal coordinates to a spherical system of coordinates in the analytical asymptotic calculations of the first order of smallness with respect to the squared eccentricity. The characteristics of the equivalent dipole are obtained depending on the value of the electrostatic field strength, squared eccentricity, and the radius of an equal sphere.

摘要在对偏心率平方的一阶小的解析渐近计算中，通过从球坐标系到球坐标系的转换，确定了一个扁圆导电球的表面感应电荷的值、电荷中心的位置和等效偶极子的值。等效偶极子的特性取决于静电场强度、偏心率平方和等球半径的值。

引用次数: 0

Industrial Application of the Diamond Electrochemical Honing Method 金刚石电化学珩磨法的工业应用

IF 0.9 Q3 Engineering

Surface Engineering and Applied Electrochemistry

Pub Date : 2023-12-14 DOI: 10.3103/s1068375523060170

S. V. Usov, I. P. Tochilin, A. V. Zhdanov

Abstract

Changes in surface roughness, residual stresses, and other parameters are studied under various selected conditions of diamond-electrochemical honing (DEH) of parts made of the steels 30KhGSA, 30KhN2MFA, 35KhN2MFASh, 23KhGS2MFALU, and St.50A. The honing tool design is presented, and the question of the geometric characteristics of the cathodic section, insulating coating, and material of the guides of the honing tool is resolved. The results are obtained, demonstrating the effect of DEH on the reliability and durability indicators of parts manufactured by this method. The technical and economic efficiency of the created industrial DEH department is demonstrated.

摘要研究了30KhGSA、30KhN2MFA、35KhN2MFASh、23KhGS2MFALU和St.50A钢在不同条件下，金刚石-电化学珩磨(DEH)零件表面粗糙度、残余应力等参数的变化。提出了珩磨刀具的设计方案，解决了珩磨刀具阴极截面几何特性、绝缘涂层、导轨材料等问题。结果表明，DEH对采用该方法制造的零件的可靠性和耐久性指标的影响。论证了新建工业DEH部门的技术经济效益。

引用次数: 0

Electrocatalytic Oxygen Evolution on Glassy Carbon Electrode Modified with Optimized GC/CuxFe3 – xO4 (0 ≤ x ≤ 1.0) Nanocomposite in 1 M KOH Solution 优化 GC/CuxFe3 - xO4（0 ≤ x ≤ 1.0）纳米复合材料修饰的玻璃碳电极在 1 M KOH 溶液中的电催化氧进化过程

IF 0.9 Q3 Engineering

Surface Engineering and Applied Electrochemistry

Pub Date : 2023-12-14 DOI: 10.3103/s1068375523060054

Basant Lal, Pankaj Chauhan

Abstract

Copper substituted ferrites (Cu_xFe_3 – xO₄; (0 ≤ x ≤ 1.0) were prepared by the egg white auto-combustion method at 550°C and investigated their physicochemical properties via the thermogravimetric analysis, infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and electrochemical ones via cyclic voltammenry and Tafel polarization. The formation of copper ferrites with a spinel phase was confirmed by the Fourier-transform infrared spectra having characteristic vibration peaks and by the X-ray diffraction spectra with reflection planes. The electrochemical performance of the oxygen evolution reaction of copper ferrites on glassy carbon electrodes was investigated in 1 M KOH. No redox couple was observed in cyclic voltammograms of the glassy carbon/oxide electrode in the selected oxygen overpotential regions. The iR-free Tafel polarization curves having higher Tafel slopes (b = 72–125 mV dec^–1) and a lower current density (i = 0.29–4.7 mA cm^–2 at 0.85 V) exhibited a sluggish nature of the fabricated oxide electrodes from the electrocatalytic point of view. The substitution of Fe by Cu in the oxide lattice considerably increased the electrocatalytic activity for the oxygen evolution reaction. Based on the current density for the oxygen evolution reaction, the 0.75 mol Cu-substituted oxide electrode was found to be the most active electrode among the prepared oxides. The order of the reaction related to the [OH^–] concentration was a unity for almost all of the electrodes except when 0.25 mol Cu-substitution followed the second-order kinetics.

铜取代铁氧体(CuxFe3 - xO4);(0≤x≤1.0)，通过热重分析、红外光谱、x射线衍射、扫描电镜以及循环伏安法和塔菲尔极化法对其理化性质进行了研究。具有特征振动峰的红外傅立叶变换光谱和具有反射面的x射线衍射光谱证实了尖晶石相铜铁氧体的形成。在1 M KOH条件下，研究了铜铁氧体在玻碳电极上析氧反应的电化学性能。在选定的氧过电位区，玻璃碳/氧化物电极的循环伏安图未观察到氧化还原偶。从电催化的角度来看，无ir Tafel极化曲线具有较高的Tafel斜率(b = 72-125 mV dec1)和较低的电流密度(i = 0.29-4.7 mA cm-2 at 0.85 V)，表明制备的氧化电极具有缓慢的性质。在氧化晶格中以Cu取代Fe大大提高了析氧反应的电催化活性。根据析氧反应的电流密度，发现0.75 mol cu取代氧化物电极是制备的氧化物中最活跃的电极。除了0.25 mol cu取代反应遵循二级动力学外，几乎所有电极的反应顺序与[OH -]浓度的关系都是一个单位。

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引用次数: 0

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