Analytical biochemistry最新文献_第9页

Analysis of human milk oligosaccharides from women with gestational diabetes mellitus 分析妊娠糖尿病妇女的母乳低聚糖。

IF 2.6 4区生物学 Q2 BIOCHEMICAL RESEARCH METHODS

Analytical biochemistry

Pub Date : 2024-10-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2024.115689

Xinyue Ma , Yue Lu , Chuncui Huang , Zhendong Guo , Zheng Xiang , Huanyu Gao , Keli Zhao , Yao Zhao , Yan Li

Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) are bioactive components which play an important role in infant health. HMO composition is vulnerable to changes of maternal conditions including lactation stages and maternal phenotypes. Pregnant diseases such as gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) are commonly found in women during pragnancy, and may cause disorder in maternal physiological metabolism which is harmful to infants. Unfortunately, anlysis of oligosaccharides from women with GDM is limited. To address this issue, we analyzed HMO compositions and profiles in breast milk from women with GDM using an established 96-well plate permethylation platform and MALDI-TOF-MS. We enrolled 127 women with GDM, and investigated HMO abundances in colostrum, transition milk, and mature milk respectively. We found that GDM affected HMO compositions in breast milk, and the level of fucosylation became higher over the course of lactation for all the women with GDM. Interestingly, the relative abundances of fucosylated HMOs in different lactation stages were affected differentially by GDM, with the most pronounced effect in colostrum. In particular, the relative abundances of H3N1F1 and H3N1F2 sharply decreased over time, showing very low levels in late lactation. These differences in our findings need further investigation to develop optimal feeding for mothers with GDM.

母乳低聚糖（HMO）是一种生物活性成分，对婴儿健康起着重要作用。人乳寡糖的组成易受母体状况（包括哺乳阶段和母体表型）变化的影响。妊娠期疾病如妊娠糖尿病（GDM）常见于孕产妇，可能导致母体生理代谢紊乱，对婴儿造成危害。遗憾的是，对妊娠期糖尿病妇女体内低聚糖的分析十分有限。为了解决这个问题，我们使用已建立的 96 孔板过甲基化平台和 MALDI-TOF-MS 分析了 GDM 妇女母乳中的 HMO 成分和特征。我们招募了 127 名 GDM 妇女，分别研究了初乳、过渡乳和成熟乳中的 HMO 丰度。我们发现，GDM 影响了母乳中的 HMO 组成，所有 GDM 妇女在哺乳期的岩藻糖基化水平都会升高。有趣的是，GDM 对不同泌乳阶段的岩藻糖基化 HMO 的相对丰度有不同的影响，其中初乳的影响最为明显。特别是，H3N1F1 和 H3N1F2 的相对丰度随着时间的推移急剧下降，在泌乳后期的水平非常低。我们的研究结果中的这些差异需要进一步研究，以便为患有 GDM 的母亲制定最佳喂养方式。

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引用次数: 0

Chemical composition alterations in rat brain hypothalamus induced by irisin administration using spectroscopic and machine learning techniques 利用光谱学和机器学习技术研究施用鸢尾素诱导的大鼠大脑下丘脑化学成分变化

IF 2.6 4区生物学 Q2 BIOCHEMICAL RESEARCH METHODS

Analytical biochemistry

Pub Date : 2024-10-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2024.115687

Zozan Guleken , Huri Dedeakayoğulları , Esra Kutlu , Zeynep Ceylan , Joseph Cebulski , Joanna Depciuch

This study employed Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy to determine the chemical composition of brain tissues and the changes induced by irisin at doses of 50 mg and 100 mg. Brain tissues were collected from control rats and those administered with irisin, and key vibrational peaks were analyzed. In the 50 mg irisin group, all described vibrations decreased compared to control tissues, while the 100 mg group showed a decrease only in lipid vibrations. Comparatively, the 50 mg group had lower absorbance of phospholipids, amides, and lipid functional groups than the 100 mg group. Lower amounts of these compounds were found in treated tissues compared to controls, with higher levels in the 100 mg group. Ratios between amide peaks revealed significant differences between groups. Principal component analysis (PCA) differentiated control and irisin-treated tissues, primarily using PC1 and PC3. The decision tree model exhibited high classification accuracy, especially in the 800–1800 cm⁻¹ range, with high sensitivity and specificity. FTIR spectroscopy effectively highlighted chemical changes in brain tissues due to irisin, demonstrating dose-dependent variations. The combination of PCA, ROC analysis, and decision tree modeling underscored the potential of FTIR spectroscopy for studying the biochemical effects of compounds like irisin.

本研究采用傅立叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）测定脑组织的化学成分以及鸢尾素在 50 毫克和 100 毫克剂量下引起的变化。采集了对照组大鼠和服用鸢尾素组大鼠的脑组织，并对关键振动峰进行了分析。与对照组相比，50 毫克鸢尾素组的所有描述振动都有所下降，而 100 毫克组只显示脂质振动有所下降。与 100 毫克组相比，50 毫克组的磷脂、酰胺和脂质官能团的吸光度较低。与对照组相比，处理组组织中这些化合物的含量较低，而 100 毫克组的含量较高。酰胺峰之间的比率显示组间存在显著差异。主成分分析（PCA）主要利用 PC1 和 PC3 对对照组和鸢尾素处理组的组织进行区分。决策树模型显示出较高的分类准确性，尤其是在 800-1800 cm-1 范围内，具有较高的灵敏度和特异性。傅立叶变换红外光谱有效地突出了鸢尾素引起的脑组织化学变化，并显示出剂量依赖性变化。PCA、ROC分析和决策树模型的结合强调了傅立叶红外光谱在研究鸢尾素等化合物的生化效应方面的潜力。

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引用次数: 0

A novel simple fluorometric protease assay for monitoring hydrolysis of proteins in real time 用于实时监测蛋白质水解的新型简易荧光蛋白酶测定法

IF 2.6 4区生物学 Q2 BIOCHEMICAL RESEARCH METHODS

Analytical biochemistry

Pub Date : 2024-10-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2024.115688

Miha Bahun , Nataša Poklar Ulrih

Measuring the activity of proteases is essential for investigating both the physiological functions and commercial applications of these enzymes. In contrast to the numerous protease assays that are based on chromogenic or fluorogenic peptide substrates, there is a lack of approaches to monitor degradation of proteins in real time. Here we report a protease assay where SYPRO Orange is employed as a fluorogenic probe to follow proteolysis. The functionality of the assay was demonstrated with the two subtilases of varying thermostability, using four different protein substrates. The assay is compatible with a real-time PCR instrument which allows continuous fluorescence measurements in low-volume samples even at high temperatures. This makes the assay especially suitable for high-throughput characterization of thermostable proteases.

测量蛋白酶的活性对于研究这些酶的生理功能和商业应用至关重要。与众多基于发色性或荧光性肽底物的蛋白酶检测方法相比，目前还缺乏实时监测蛋白质降解的方法。在这里，我们报告了一种蛋白酶检测方法，它采用 SYPRO Orange 作为荧光探针来跟踪蛋白水解过程。我们使用四种不同的蛋白质底物，对两种热稳定性不同的亚铁酶进行了测定，证明了该测定法的功能。该检测方法与实时 PCR 仪器兼容，即使在高温条件下也能对低容量样品进行连续荧光测量。因此，该检测方法特别适用于对热稳定性蛋白酶进行高通量表征。

引用次数: 0

Photoelectrochemical biosensors: Prospects of graphite carbon nitride-based sensors in prostate-specific antigen diagnosis 光电化学生物传感器：基于氮化石墨的传感器在前列腺特异性抗原诊断中的应用前景。

IF 2.6 4区生物学 Q2 BIOCHEMICAL RESEARCH METHODS

Analytical biochemistry

Pub Date : 2024-10-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2024.115686

Seyed Saman Nemati, Gholamreza Dehghan

Prostate cancer (PC) is very common in old age and causes many deaths. Early diagnosis and monitoring of the progress of the disease and the effectiveness of PC treatment are critical. On the other hand, choosing a specific biomarker for PCs is essential. Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) is a specific biomarker secreted in the prostate epithelial cells, which increases in cancer cells. Between all employed sensing mechanism, electrochemical sensors based on nanomaterials have created many hopes. Meanwhile, graphite carbon nitride (g-C₃N₄) is interested in developing photoelectrochemical sensors due to its large surface area, stability, easy modification, and good photoelectronic properties. In this review, electrochemical sensors based on nanocomposites containing g-C₃N₄ have been investigated in PSA detection. After providing an overview of the characteristics of g-C₃N₄ and cancer biomarkers, it reviews the strategies and mechanisms involved in identifying PSA. Different approaches to photoelectrochemistry, impedimetric immunosensors, photocatalysis, and luminescence have been used in diagnostic mechanisms. Then, challenges and prospects for electrochemical sensors based on nanocomposites containing g-C₃N₄ in PSA detection have been analyzed. The recent review generally opens an efficient view in PSA diagnosis and the application of g–C₃N₄–based electrochemical sensors in personalized medicine diagnosis and treatment.

前列腺癌（PCs）在老年人中非常常见，并导致许多人死亡。早期诊断、监测疾病进展和癌症治疗效果至关重要。另一方面，选择前列腺癌的特异性生物标记物也至关重要。前列腺特异性抗原（PSA）是前列腺上皮细胞分泌的一种特异性生物标志物，在癌细胞中会增加。在所有采用的传感机制中，基于纳米材料的电化学传感器给人们带来了许多希望。与此同时，氮化石墨（g-C3N4）因其比表面积大、稳定性好、易于改性和良好的光电特性而在光电化学传感器的开发中备受关注。本综述研究了基于含 g-C3N4 纳米复合材料的电化学传感器在 PSA 检测中的应用。在概述了 g-C3N4 和癌症生物标记物的特性之后，本综述回顾了识别 PSA 所涉及的策略和机制。诊断机制采用了光电化学、阻抗免疫传感器、光催化和发光等不同方法。然后，分析了基于含 g-C3N4 纳米复合材料的电化学传感器在 PSA 检测中面临的挑战和前景。最近的综述总体上为 PSA 诊断以及基于 g-C3N4 的电化学传感器在个性化医学诊断和治疗中的应用开辟了一条有效的途径。

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引用次数: 0

Urea biosensors based in zeolites and chalcogenide-oxide semiconductor thin films as active materials: A review 以沸石和氧化镓半导体薄膜为活性材料的尿素生物传感器：综述。

IF 2.6 4区生物学 Q2 BIOCHEMICAL RESEARCH METHODS

Analytical biochemistry

Pub Date : 2024-10-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2024.115685

Manuel A.Chairez Ortega , Rafael E. González Landaeta , Francisco S. Aguirre Tostado , Soledad V. Torres Argüelles , Amanda Carrillo Castillo

Diagnosis of renal failure by measuring urea levels has been a topic of intense study in recent years. A major focus has been on improving the sensitivity, linearity, precision, accuracy, and selectivity of biosensors for measuring urea. Although various materials have been used in the fabrication of urea biosensors, ceramics, and chalcogenides have been less explored in this field. Recently, the use of ceramics such as zeolite has been investigated to improve enzyme immobilization methods in urea biosensors and their application in ion-selective membranes, to increase the specificity of the devices. While oxides have been widely used as transducers in urea biosensors, chalcogenide semiconductor materials from Group VI of the periodic table also show promising properties, such as chemical stability, to signal transduction capability, and improved electrical measurements. This review provides a comprehensive overview of recent research in urea biosensors, with a special emphasis on the use of ceramics for enzyme immobilization and chalcogenides as transducers and how these materials contribute to improving the performance of these devices.

近年来，通过测量尿素水平来诊断肾功能衰竭一直是一个热门研究课题。研究的重点是提高尿素生物传感器的灵敏度、线性度、精确度、准确性和选择性。虽然尿素生物传感器的制造中使用了多种材料，但陶瓷和钙化物在这一领域的应用较少。最近，人们研究了陶瓷（如沸石）的使用，以改进尿素生物传感器中的酶固定方法及其在离子选择膜中的应用，从而提高设备的特异性。虽然氧化物已被广泛用作尿素生物传感器中的传感器，但元素周期表第 VI 族的铬化半导体材料也显示出良好的性能，如化学稳定性、信号传导能力和改进的电学测量。本综述全面概述了尿素生物传感器的最新研究成果，特别强调了使用陶瓷固定酶和铬化物作为换能器的情况，以及这些材料如何有助于提高这些设备的性能。

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引用次数: 0

The method of capillary electrophoresis for quantitative determination of hydrophobized hyaluronic acid in its micellar forms 毛细管电泳法，用于定量测定胶束形式的疏水性透明质酸。

IF 2.6 4区生物学 Q2 BIOCHEMICAL RESEARCH METHODS

Analytical biochemistry

Pub Date : 2024-10-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2024.115684

Yu Ermolenko, M. Antonova, A. Polivanova, S. Gelperina

Micelles based on hydrophobized hyaluronic acid (HA) are frequently used in targeted drug delivery systems. Capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) was utilized for the quantitative determination of hydrophobized and native HA. A universal methodology was developed, suitable for the quantitative analysis of amphiphilic derivatives of hyaluronan (oleyl hyaluronan and hyaluronan conjugate with naphthalimide fluorophore) and native HA with varying molecular weights (15, 150, and 800 kDa). Furthermore, methodologies were proposed for the simultaneous quantification of a drug substance and oleyl hyaluronan in micellar forms based on the latter. The CE technique was applied for analyzing oleyl-hyaluronan-based micellar forms of two poorly soluble drug substances with oppositely charged ionic forms (loperamide and rifabutin). The examples contained in the study demonstrate a range of analytical sensitivity (LOD) for hyaluronan from 11 to 40 μg/mL and for the drug substance from 0.4 to 0.6 μg/mL. The study also showcases the accurate quantitative determination of rifabutin and loperamide in oleyl-hyaluronan-based micellar forms without the need for sample preparation. Thus, the proposed methodologies can be used to quantify native HA or its amphiphilic derivatives and simultaneously determine drug substances of various nature.

基于疏水性透明质酸（HA）的胶束常用于靶向给药系统。毛细管区带电泳（CZE）被用于定量测定疏水化透明质酸和原生透明质酸。所开发的通用方法适用于定量分析透明质酸的两亲衍生物（油酰透明质酸和与萘二甲酰亚胺荧光团共轭的透明质酸）以及不同分子量（15、150 和 800 kDa）的原生 HA。此外，还提出了基于油酰基透明质酸的胶束形式同时定量药物物质和油酰基透明质酸的方法。CE 技术被用于分析两种带相反电荷离子形式的难溶性药物（洛哌丁胺和利福布丁）的油酰透明质酸胶束形式。研究中的实例表明，透明质酸的分析灵敏度（LOD）范围为 11 至 40 μg/mL，药物的分析灵敏度（LOD）范围为 0.4 至 0.6 μg/mL。该研究还展示了基于油酰基透明质酸胶束形式的利福布汀和洛哌丁胺的精确定量测定，无需样品制备。因此，所提出的方法可用于定量原生 HA 或其两亲衍生物，并同时测定不同性质的药物物质。

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引用次数: 0

A time-saving one-step polyacrylamide gel with a colored stacking gel for SDS-PAGE and western blotting 一步式聚丙烯酰胺凝胶，带彩色叠层凝胶，用于 SDS-PAGE 和 Western 印迹，省时省力。

IF 2.6 4区生物学 Q2 BIOCHEMICAL RESEARCH METHODS

Analytical biochemistry

Pub Date : 2024-09-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2024.115680

Makoto Hagiwara

A time-saving, one-step polyacrylamide gel preparation method enabling simultaneous preparation of separating and stacking gels was previously reported, but the boundary between the separating and stacking gels was often not well defined. As such, determining whether the gel preparation failed is difficult before SDS-PAGE is carried out. To address this issue, a one-step polyacrylamide gel preparation method was developed in which the stacking gel is colored to allow better visualization of the border between the stacking and separating gels. This new one-step method saves time and achieves comparable performance for SDS-PAGE and western blotting to that obtained with conventional gels.

以前曾报道过一种省时的一步法聚丙烯酰胺凝胶制备方法，可同时制备分离凝胶和堆积凝胶，但分离凝胶和堆积凝胶之间的界限往往界定不清。因此，在进行 SDS-PAGE 分析之前很难确定凝胶制备是否失败。为了解决这个问题，我们开发了一种一步法聚丙烯酰胺凝胶制备方法，该方法对堆积凝胶进行着色，以便更好地观察堆积凝胶和分离凝胶之间的边界。这种新的一步法不仅节省了时间，而且在 SDS-PAGE 和 Western 印迹方面的性能与传统凝胶不相上下。

引用次数: 0

Production and characterization of a panel of anti-mouse placenta-specific protein 1 (plac1) monoclonal antibodies 抗小鼠胎盘特异性蛋白 1（placenta-specific Protein 1，plac1）单克隆抗体的制备与表征。

IF 2.6 4区生物学 Q2 BIOCHEMICAL RESEARCH METHODS

Analytical biochemistry

Pub Date : 2024-09-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2024.115682

Sahar Mortezagholi , Faezeh Maghsood , Sorour Shojaeian , Fazel Shokri , Mohammad Mehdi Amiri , Ahmad Ghorbani , Mahdi Shabani , Amir-Hassan Zarnani

Placenta-Specific Protein 1 (PLAC1) is essential for normal placental and embryonic development. It is widely expressed in various types of cancer cells. We produced a panel of anti-mouse plac1 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) with different applications. Two recombinant proteins were produced containing either the extracellular domain (ED) plus tetanus toxin P2, P30, pan-DR epitope (PADRE), and KDEL3 (main plac1) or ED plus KDEL3 (control plac1). Recombinant proteins were used for immunization and screening. Positive clones were selected by ELISA and flow cytometry. Purified mAbs were tested by ELISA, WB, flow cytometry, immunohistochemistry (IHC), and immunofluorescent (IF). A combination of bioinformatics tools was used to predict the target epitope(s) of the mAbs. Eight anti-mouse plac1 mAbs (all IgG1/κ1) were generated, all reacting with high affinity in ELISA. Seven clones recognized plac1 in both reduced and non-reduced Western blots, while one only recognized the non-reduced form. Cross-inhibition ELISA revealed that all mAbs recognized overlapping epitopes with a shared motif except for 5C9. Four clones reacted with the native antigen in flow cytometry, but none were functional in IF or IHC staining. The produced multifunctional mAbs can be used to investigate different aspects of PLAC1 biology in reproduction and cancer.

胎盘特异性蛋白 1（PLAC1）对胎盘和胚胎的正常发育至关重要。它在各种类型的癌细胞中广泛表达。我们制备了一组具有不同用途的抗小鼠胎盘特异性蛋白 1 单克隆抗体（mAbs）。我们制备了两种重组蛋白，分别含有细胞外结构域（ED）和破伤风毒素P2、P30、泛DR表位（PADRE）和KDEL3（主plac1），或ED和KDEL3（对照plac1）。重组蛋白用于免疫和筛选。通过 ELISA 和流式细胞术筛选阳性克隆。纯化的 mAbs 通过 ELISA、WB、流式细胞术、免疫组织化学（IHC）和免疫荧光（IF）进行检测。结合使用生物信息学工具预测了 mAbs 的靶表位。共生成了八种抗小鼠 plac1 mAbs（均为 IgG1/κ1），它们在 ELISA 中均能产生高亲和力反应。七个克隆在还原型和非还原型 Western 印迹中都能识别 plac1，而一个克隆只能识别非还原型。交叉抑制酶联免疫吸附试验（Cross-inhibition ELISA）显示，所有 mAbs 都能识别具有共享基团的重叠表位。四个克隆在流式细胞术中与原生抗原发生反应，但没有一个在 IF 或 IHC 染色中起作用。所制备的多功能 mAbs 可用于研究 PLAC1 在生殖和癌症中的不同生物学特性。

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引用次数: 0

Competitive SPR chaser assay to study biomolecular interactions with very slow binding dissociation rate constant 竞争性 SPR 追踪器测定法，用于研究结合解离速率常数极慢的生物分子相互作用。

IF 2.6 4区生物学 Q2 BIOCHEMICAL RESEARCH METHODS

Analytical biochemistry

Pub Date : 2024-09-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2024.115679

Aye Myat Myat Thinn , Wei Wang , Qing Chen

Binding kinetics of drug and its target protein is crucial for the efficacy and safety of the drug. Using surface plasmon resonance (SPR) technology, we performed a competitive SPR chaser assay, a method to study biomolecular interactions with very slow dissociation rate constants (k_d < 1E-4 s⁻¹). This report described the principle and the experimental setup of the chaser assay, which involves using a competitive probe (chaser) to detect changes in target occupancy by a test molecule over time. We demonstrated the applicability of the chaser assay for both small and large molecules and compared the results with conventional SPR kinetic analysis and other methods. We suggest that the chaser assay is a useful and robust technique to characterize very tight biomolecular interactions, and that it can also be used to study cooperativity in ternary complex formation.

药物与其靶蛋白的结合动力学对药物的疗效和安全性至关重要。利用表面等离子体共振（SPR）技术，我们进行了竞争性 SPR 追逐测定，这是一种研究解离速率常数非常慢（kd < 1E-4 s-1）的生物分子相互作用的方法。本报告介绍了追逐者测定的原理和实验装置，其中包括使用竞争性探针（追逐者）来检测测试分子对目标的占有率随时间的变化。我们展示了追逐者测定法对小分子和大分子的适用性，并将结果与传统的 SPR 动力学分析和其他方法进行了比较。我们认为，追逐者测定法是表征非常紧密的生物分子相互作用的一种有用而稳健的技术，它还可用于研究三元复合物形成过程中的合作性。

引用次数: 0

Proximity ligation-triggered DNAzyme for selective fluorescent aptasensing of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus 用于耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌选择性荧光诱导的近接触发 DNA 酶。

IF 2.6 4区生物学 Q2 BIOCHEMICAL RESEARCH METHODS

Analytical biochemistry

Pub Date : 2024-09-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2024.115683

Li Wan , Li Feng , Meiling Wang , Yanhui Yang , Pinxiu Pan , Shuhua Gao

There is an urgent need for novel strategies to accurately and reliably detect pathogenic bacteria to address the global epidemic of antibiotic resistance. This study proposes an innovative approach combining dual aptamer-based target recognition and proximity ligation assay (PLA) triggered DNAzyme recycling cleavage. This method allows for the precise identification and reliable detection of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). The fluorescence probe labeled with a fluorophore is modified on gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), resulting in the quenching of the fluorescent signal by the AuNPs. The interaction between MRSA and two aptamers leads to forming a Mg²⁺-dependent DNAzyme. The DNAzyme cleaves the fluorescence probe, causing the fluorescent fragment to detach from the surface of the AuNPs, in which the quenched fluorescence signal in the fluorescence probe reappears. The DNAzyme-assisted cleavage and rebinding process generates a processive strolling along the surface track of AuNPs. Consequently, the fluorescence intensity experiences a substantial recovery. A strong linear correlation is observed between the fluorescence intensity and MRSA concentration within 50 cfu/mL to 10⁶ cfu/mL. We believe that implementing the novel integrated strategy will broaden the range of bacterial detection methods in the battlefield environment and stimulate the creation of potential new drugs in the future.

为应对抗生素耐药性在全球的流行，我们迫切需要采用新的策略来准确可靠地检测病原菌。本研究提出了一种创新方法，它结合了基于双适配体的目标识别和近接检测（PLA）触发的 DNA 酶循环裂解。该方法可精确识别和可靠检测耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌（MRSA）。用荧光团标记的荧光探针被修饰在金纳米粒子（AuNPs）上，导致荧光信号被 AuNPs淬灭。MRSA 与两种适配体之间的相互作用会形成一种 Mg2+ 依赖性 DNA 酶。DNA 酶裂解荧光探针，使荧光片段从 AuNPs 表面脱离，荧光探针中被淬灭的荧光信号重新出现。DNA 酶辅助的裂解和重新结合过程产生了沿着 AuNPs 表面轨迹漫步的过程。因此，荧光强度出现了大幅恢复。在 50 cfu/mL 至 106 cfu/mL 的范围内，荧光强度与 MRSA 浓度之间存在很强的线性相关。我们相信，实施这种新型综合策略将拓宽战场环境中细菌检测方法的范围，并促进未来潜在新药的开发。

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引用次数: 0