The aim of the study is to show the anti-inflammatory effect of sage ( Salvia officinalis ) extract as mouthwash on treating the infect- ed gums (gingivitis) and mouth ulcers (minor aphthous ulceration). Methods and materials : sixty (60) patients (50% female and 50% male) 30 patients had RAU (minor aphthous ulceration) according to clinical presentation and 30 patients had gingivitis according to gingival index of loe and Silness. Sage mouthwash was extracted from the plant Salvia officinalis . The patients of the study group were demonstrated to how they made the mouth wash. Patients with minor aphthous ulceration of study and control group were included in the post-treatment daily observations of the ulcer on [first, third and sixth day] and we looked for pain relief, reduction of intensity of pain, reduction in size of ulcers, and complete healing. Results: Analysis of gingival scores by gingival index of loe and silness of sage mouthwash individually showed a statistically highly significant improvement and healing of gingivitis (decreased mean value) from the first day to the sixth day. Analysis of gingival scores by gingival index of loe and silness of normal saline mouthwash showed a statistically significant results from the first day to the sixth day but there was no complete healing. Minor aphthous signs and symptoms of the study group in comparison with control group showed a statistically significant improvement in daily observations. Conclusions: Sage extract was found to be effective as anti-inflammatory product against gingival inflammation and mouth ulcers and present study confirmed the efficacy of the plant.
本研究的目的是显示鼠尾草(Salvia officinalis)提取物作为漱口水对牙龈感染(牙龈炎)和口腔溃疡(轻微口腔溃疡)的抗炎作用。方法与材料:60例患者(男女各占50%)，临床表现为轻度口腔溃疡(RAU) 30例，牙龈指数(love and Silness)为牙龈炎30例。以鼠尾草为原料提取鼠尾草漱口水。研究人员向研究组的患者演示了他们是如何制作漱口水的。实验组和对照组的轻度口腔溃疡患者在治疗后[第1天、第3天和第6天]对溃疡进行日常观察，观察疼痛缓解、疼痛强度减轻、溃疡大小缩小和完全愈合情况。结果:分别使用鼠尾草漱口水进行牙龈评分分析，从第1天到第6天，牙龈炎的改善和愈合(平均值下降)具有统计学上的高度显著性。用生理盐水漱口水的牙龈爱度指数和柔软度指数对牙龈评分进行分析，从第1天到第6天，结果有统计学意义，但没有完全愈合。与对照组相比，研究组轻微口疮体征和症状在日常观察中有统计学意义的改善。结论:鼠尾草提取物是一种有效的抗牙龈炎症和口腔溃疡的抗炎产品，本研究证实了该植物的功效。
{"title":"Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Sage (Salvia Officinalis) Extracts ABSTRACT on Oral Health","authors":"M. Fawzi, Z. Kamel, Sabah Farhan","doi":"10.26477/idj.v39i1.111","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26477/idj.v39i1.111","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the study is to show the anti-inflammatory effect of sage ( Salvia officinalis ) extract as mouthwash on treating the infect- ed gums (gingivitis) and mouth ulcers (minor aphthous ulceration). Methods and materials : sixty (60) patients (50% female and 50% male) 30 patients had RAU (minor aphthous ulceration) according to clinical presentation and 30 patients had gingivitis according to gingival index of loe and Silness. Sage mouthwash was extracted from the plant Salvia officinalis . The patients of the study group were demonstrated to how they made the mouth wash. Patients with minor aphthous ulceration of study and control group were included in the post-treatment daily observations of the ulcer on [first, third and sixth day] and we looked for pain relief, reduction of intensity of pain, reduction in size of ulcers, and complete healing. Results: Analysis of gingival scores by gingival index of loe and silness of sage mouthwash individually showed a statistically highly significant improvement and healing of gingivitis (decreased mean value) from the first day to the sixth day. Analysis of gingival scores by gingival index of loe and silness of normal saline mouthwash showed a statistically significant results from the first day to the sixth day but there was no complete healing. Minor aphthous signs and symptoms of the study group in comparison with control group showed a statistically significant improvement in daily observations. Conclusions: Sage extract was found to be effective as anti-inflammatory product against gingival inflammation and mouth ulcers and present study confirmed the efficacy of the plant.","PeriodicalId":78326,"journal":{"name":"Iraqi Dental Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86831236","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Occlusion characteristics of the deciduous dentition plays an important responsibility in the subsequent final occlusion of the permanent teeth. Consequently, good understanding of occlusion in preschoolers is important for pediatric dentist. A total of 630 children of 3-5 years age group with complete primary dentition were examined for occlusal and canine relationship, primate spaces, physiological spacing and overbite. There is alteration in primary molar relation as age increases ,there was a significant rise in mesial step molar relation within five years age group compared to three years age group. The class I canine relation was the most predominant canine relationship, but canine relation alterations with age was not statistically significant. Larger number of the assessed children had spaced primary dentition and flush terminal plane that precede to occurrence of typical occlusion of permanent teeth.
{"title":"Epidemiological Study of Features of Primary Dentition Occlusion in Iraqi Preschool Kids sample","authors":"Jamal Km, A. Amash, Ahmed Ibrahim","doi":"10.26477/idj.v39i1.112","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26477/idj.v39i1.112","url":null,"abstract":"Occlusion characteristics of the deciduous dentition plays an important responsibility in the subsequent final occlusion of the permanent teeth. Consequently, good understanding of occlusion in preschoolers is important for pediatric dentist. A total of 630 children of 3-5 years age group with complete primary dentition were examined for occlusal and canine relationship, primate spaces, physiological spacing and overbite. There is alteration in primary molar relation as age increases ,there was a significant rise in mesial step molar relation within five years age group compared to three years age group. The class I canine relation was the most predominant canine relationship, but canine relation alterations with age was not statistically significant. Larger number of the assessed children had spaced primary dentition and flush terminal plane that precede to occurrence of typical occlusion of permanent teeth.","PeriodicalId":78326,"journal":{"name":"Iraqi Dental Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84708867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background : Periodontal diseases are multifactorial, inflammatory diseases that, when left without treatment may results in the destruction of tooth-supporting structures and finally may cause tooth loss. Diode laser therapy as an adjunct to non-surgical peri- odontal treatment of periodontal pockets has been increasingly encouraged by some researches but experimental proves have not yet supported the use of laser therapy. Aim: The objective of this single controlled clinical study was to assess the effect of a 940-nm diode laser as an adjunct to scaling and root planing (SRP) therapy in the treatment of periodontal pockets. Methods : Fifteen patients in need of periodontal treatment with periodontal pocket ≥ 4 were selected for this split-mouth clinical study. Quadrants were enrolled into either control group treated by conventional scaling and root planning or test group treated by diode laser 940nm as an adjunct with SRP in contralateral quadrants. Baseline data, including plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), probing pocket depth (PPD) were recorded before the treatment and 3 months post treatment. Results: plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), probing depth (PD) were significantly reduced after 3 months in both groups. No significant differences were found in reduction mean of PI, GI, PPD. Conclusion : The use of the diode laser as an adjunct to scaling and root planing did not offer any superior clinical benefits over conventional scaling and root planning.
{"title":"Evaluation of Clinical Effects of a 940nm Diode Laser as Adjunctive Therapy in the Treatment of Periodontal Pockets","authors":"Fatin Farhan Dakhil, A. Mahmood","doi":"10.26477/IDJ.V39I1.113","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26477/IDJ.V39I1.113","url":null,"abstract":"Background : Periodontal diseases are multifactorial, inflammatory diseases that, when left without treatment may results in the destruction of tooth-supporting structures and finally may cause tooth loss. Diode laser therapy as an adjunct to non-surgical peri- odontal treatment of periodontal pockets has been increasingly encouraged by some researches but experimental proves have not yet supported the use of laser therapy. Aim: The objective of this single controlled clinical study was to assess the effect of a 940-nm diode laser as an adjunct to scaling and root planing (SRP) therapy in the treatment of periodontal pockets. Methods : Fifteen patients in need of periodontal treatment with periodontal pocket ≥ 4 were selected for this split-mouth clinical study. Quadrants were enrolled into either control group treated by conventional scaling and root planning or test group treated by diode laser 940nm as an adjunct with SRP in contralateral quadrants. Baseline data, including plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), probing pocket depth (PPD) were recorded before the treatment and 3 months post treatment. Results: plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), probing depth (PD) were significantly reduced after 3 months in both groups. No significant differences were found in reduction mean of PI, GI, PPD. Conclusion : The use of the diode laser as an adjunct to scaling and root planing did not offer any superior clinical benefits over conventional scaling and root planning.","PeriodicalId":78326,"journal":{"name":"Iraqi Dental Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88789149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Salah Kh. Abbas, A. Fatihallah, Mohammed Modhaffar M Ali
The prosthodontist can give a cosmetically acceptable ocular prosthesis for those patients undergoing surgical resection of the eye ball. This artificial replacement being either stock or custom made. A favourable esthetics results could be achieved by select- ing tinted contact lenses to match the iris color of the ocular prosthesis with natural eye color. The design, size, contour, technique and multi-color contact eye lenses facilitate the production of a satisfactory prosthesis.
{"title":"Matching the Iris Color of Ocular Prosthesis Using an Eye Contact Lens: New Technique","authors":"Salah Kh. Abbas, A. Fatihallah, Mohammed Modhaffar M Ali","doi":"10.26477/IDJ.V39I1.115","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26477/IDJ.V39I1.115","url":null,"abstract":"The prosthodontist can give a cosmetically acceptable ocular prosthesis for those patients undergoing surgical resection of the eye ball. This artificial replacement being either stock or custom made. A favourable esthetics results could be achieved by select- ing tinted contact lenses to match the iris color of the ocular prosthesis with natural eye color. The design, size, contour, technique and multi-color contact eye lenses facilitate the production of a satisfactory prosthesis.","PeriodicalId":78326,"journal":{"name":"Iraqi Dental Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84899157","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Fear, anxiety and phobia are major complications for both patient and dental care providers despite the technological advances that have made dentistry less painful and less uncomfortable. This study aimed to identify the most common pathways of fear related to root canal treatment in different aged groups for both genders. Materials and methods: The study sample consisted of (800) patients were selected, aged (20-59) years old from patients attend- ing the Al-Shiekh Omar specialized dental center. The questionnaires of pathways of endodontic fear were prepared and translate from English to Arabic languages by certified translator and were filled by patients themselves without any help from endodontists. Patients with mental disabilities, those who only had surgical root canal treatment, those below 20 years and above 59 years old, and those not understand Arabic language were excluded. Results: The most commonly reported pathway for fear and anxiety with endodontic procedures was the cognitive (32.9%) fol- lowed by the informative, parental, verbal, and vicarious pathways (29%, 25%, 6.7%, 6.4%) respectively. Also, the result showed that the informative pathway appeared higher than other pathways in groups (1, 2); while cognitive pathway appeared higher than other pathways in groups (3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8). The patients in all groups showed the percentage of direct endodontic fear pathway was less than indirect pathway, where the indirect pathway was (65%) while direct pathway was (35%) totally. The result of the study showed that females had higher percentage (59.3%) of endodontic fear than males (40.7%) generally. Conclusion : The present study showed that different pathways appear to be adopted by different age groups, indicat- ing the importance of customizing strategies in the management of fear and anxiety related to root canal treatment. Fear of root canal treatment is mostly influenced by the cognitive pathway.
{"title":"Pathways of Endodontic Fear in Different Age Groups for Iraqi Endodontic Patients","authors":"H. Hussein, N. A. Saeed, I. Al-Zaka","doi":"10.26477/idj.v39i1.118","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26477/idj.v39i1.118","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Fear, anxiety and phobia are major complications for both patient and dental care providers despite the technological advances that have made dentistry less painful and less uncomfortable. This study aimed to identify the most common pathways of fear related to root canal treatment in different aged groups for both genders. Materials and methods: The study sample consisted of (800) patients were selected, aged (20-59) years old from patients attend- ing the Al-Shiekh Omar specialized dental center. The questionnaires of pathways of endodontic fear were prepared and translate from English to Arabic languages by certified translator and were filled by patients themselves without any help from endodontists. Patients with mental disabilities, those who only had surgical root canal treatment, those below 20 years and above 59 years old, and those not understand Arabic language were excluded. Results: The most commonly reported pathway for fear and anxiety with endodontic procedures was the cognitive (32.9%) fol- lowed by the informative, parental, verbal, and vicarious pathways (29%, 25%, 6.7%, 6.4%) respectively. Also, the result showed that the informative pathway appeared higher than other pathways in groups (1, 2); while cognitive pathway appeared higher than other pathways in groups (3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8). The patients in all groups showed the percentage of direct endodontic fear pathway was less than indirect pathway, where the indirect pathway was (65%) while direct pathway was (35%) totally. The result of the study showed that females had higher percentage (59.3%) of endodontic fear than males (40.7%) generally. Conclusion : The present study showed that different pathways appear to be adopted by different age groups, indicat- ing the importance of customizing strategies in the management of fear and anxiety related to root canal treatment. Fear of root canal treatment is mostly influenced by the cognitive pathway.","PeriodicalId":78326,"journal":{"name":"Iraqi Dental Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87337992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sheima’a A. Al-Zand, A. Mahmood, Tamara Al-Karadaghy, M. Al-Maliky
Objective: The purpose of this study was to observe the temperature elevation and evaluate the duration of its decreasing from root canal irrigant, as well as to observe smear layer removal ability of root canal surface when using of 940 nm diode laser as assistant in root canal sterilization. Background: laser irradiation may cause a thermal injury to the root structure and the surrounding periodontal tissues. Diode laser is weakly absorbed by water and tooth hard structure so it does not remove smear layer. Combination of chemical irrigants with diode laser irradiation in endodontics has superior results in removing the smear layer. Materials and methods : For this study, a total of 32 sound single rooted extracted human teeth were used. Twenty of them were randomly divided into two groups (n=10): Group A irradiated with 1.5 W CW of 940 nm diode laser for total irradiation time of 20 s, Group B irradiated with 2.5 W in Pulsed mode with frequency of 20 Hz for the same duration. K-type thermocouple was used to record temperature of fluid inside the canal during the rest period of lasing cycle at cervical portion of the root. Twelve teeth were divided into 6 groups (a, b, c, d, e, and f), two per group, where used for scanning electron microscope (SEM) characterization of root canal surface. These teeth were treated with different chemical irrigants and different laser powers. Then, longitudinally sectioned and prepared for imaging. Results: temperature elevation in both groups was acceptable with no significant difference between them (P > 0.01), the SEM showed increased smear layer removal ability during combination of chemical irrigants with diode laser. Conclusion: both laser powers were safe to be used as assistant in root canal sterilization as the temperature of fluid decrease quickly within 2 s, and the SEM images showed that the best results were achieved during combination of chemical irrigants with laser.
{"title":"Measuring Intra-Canal Fluid Temperature Elevation and Ultrastructural Changes of Root Canal Surface During Irradiating With 940 Nm Diode Laser in Endodontic Treatment","authors":"Sheima’a A. Al-Zand, A. Mahmood, Tamara Al-Karadaghy, M. Al-Maliky","doi":"10.26477/IDJ.V39I1.119","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26477/IDJ.V39I1.119","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: The purpose of this study was to observe the temperature elevation and evaluate the duration of its decreasing from root canal irrigant, as well as to observe smear layer removal ability of root canal surface when using of 940 nm diode laser as assistant in root canal sterilization. Background: laser irradiation may cause a thermal injury to the root structure and the surrounding periodontal tissues. Diode laser is weakly absorbed by water and tooth hard structure so it does not remove smear layer. Combination of chemical irrigants with diode laser irradiation in endodontics has superior results in removing the smear layer. Materials and methods : For this study, a total of 32 sound single rooted extracted human teeth were used. Twenty of them were randomly divided into two groups (n=10): Group A irradiated with 1.5 W CW of 940 nm diode laser for total irradiation time of 20 s, Group B irradiated with 2.5 W in Pulsed mode with frequency of 20 Hz for the same duration. K-type thermocouple was used to record temperature of fluid inside the canal during the rest period of lasing cycle at cervical portion of the root. Twelve teeth were divided into 6 groups (a, b, c, d, e, and f), two per group, where used for scanning electron microscope (SEM) characterization of root canal surface. These teeth were treated with different chemical irrigants and different laser powers. Then, longitudinally sectioned and prepared for imaging. Results: temperature elevation in both groups was acceptable with no significant difference between them (P > 0.01), the SEM showed increased smear layer removal ability during combination of chemical irrigants with diode laser. Conclusion: both laser powers were safe to be used as assistant in root canal sterilization as the temperature of fluid decrease quickly within 2 s, and the SEM images showed that the best results were achieved during combination of chemical irrigants with laser.","PeriodicalId":78326,"journal":{"name":"Iraqi Dental Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90651915","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
the study aims to evaluate the efficacy of CHX-gel, Ca(OH) 2 and diode laser in eliminating C.albicans from the root canal system and hence to eliminate the chances of reinfection and minimize treatment time. Materials and methods : 180 single rooted anterior teeth were prepared and divided into 4 equal groups, the first was prepared to ISO 60 while the 2 nd -4 th were prepared only to ISO40, all the teeth were then sterilized and inoculated with C.albicans suspensions for 14 days, followed by evaluation of the starting bacterial counts in each tooth by means of colony forming units (CFU/ml), after this the groups 2-4 were prepared to ISO 40 MAF, using NaCl 9% in the 2 nd group, NaOCl 1% in the 3 rd and CHX 0.2% in the 4 th . Finally each of the 4 groups was divided into three subgroups (n=20), the first irradiated with diode laser, the second with injected with Ca(OH) 2 paste and the third injected with CHX-gel for 7 days, followed by estimation of the end bacterial counts in CFU/ml in canal lumen and in dentin. Results : the reduction of C.albicans was higher in all the groups after Ca(OH) 2 and CHX gel injection than with diode laser irradi- ation (p<0.001, Chi-square test). After chemomechanical preparation a higher effectivity of the laser disinfection was shown and more specimen could reach the lower limit values, the effectiveness was also increased by the use of NaOCl or CHX as irrigants (p<0.001).
{"title":"Evaluation of The Efficacy of Diode Laser, Chlorhexidine Digluconate Gel and Calcium Hydroxide Paste In The Disinfection Of Candida Albicans Infected Root Canals, In Vitro Study","authors":"Faisal Tameem Al Jadir","doi":"10.26477/idj.v38i3.97","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26477/idj.v38i3.97","url":null,"abstract":"the study aims to evaluate the efficacy of CHX-gel, Ca(OH) 2 and diode laser in eliminating C.albicans from the root canal system and hence to eliminate the chances of reinfection and minimize treatment time. Materials and methods : 180 single rooted anterior teeth were prepared and divided into 4 equal groups, the first was prepared to ISO 60 while the 2 nd -4 th were prepared only to ISO40, all the teeth were then sterilized and inoculated with C.albicans suspensions for 14 days, followed by evaluation of the starting bacterial counts in each tooth by means of colony forming units (CFU/ml), after this the groups 2-4 were prepared to ISO 40 MAF, using NaCl 9% in the 2 nd group, NaOCl 1% in the 3 rd and CHX 0.2% in the 4 th . Finally each of the 4 groups was divided into three subgroups (n=20), the first irradiated with diode laser, the second with injected with Ca(OH) 2 paste and the third injected with CHX-gel for 7 days, followed by estimation of the end bacterial counts in CFU/ml in canal lumen and in dentin. Results : the reduction of C.albicans was higher in all the groups after Ca(OH) 2 and CHX gel injection than with diode laser irradi- ation (p<0.001, Chi-square test). After chemomechanical preparation a higher effectivity of the laser disinfection was shown and more specimen could reach the lower limit values, the effectiveness was also increased by the use of NaOCl or CHX as irrigants (p<0.001).","PeriodicalId":78326,"journal":{"name":"Iraqi Dental Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89096852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Many oral diseases were recorded in ESRD patients including as gingivitis, tooth mobility, xerostomia, ammonia-like smell, mucosal pallor and lesions, malocclusion and an increased risk of dental erosion. Salivary changes among ESRD patients might be attributed to renal failure, use of multiple medications, vomiting, depressive mood and low oral health hygiene. Aim of study: to assess the salivary changes of patients with end stage renal disease.To determine whether there is changes in salivary compositions and biochemical parameters (urea, creatinine, salivary PH) of patients with end stage renal failure.To find whether there is change in salivary trace element (zinc, copper).To identify whether there is change in salivary electrolyte (sodium, potassium, calcium, phosphate).Determine whether there is a change in salivary enzymes (amylase). Subjects, Materials and Methods :A cross sectional study carried out in two dialysis centers in Baghdad (Al-Khadhimya Teaching Hospital and Al-Karamah Teaching Hospital) through a period from 1 st of March to end of 30 th of July, 2015 on convenient sample of 64 patients with end stage renal diseases and on 64 healthy controls. Salivary samples were collected by the researcher at the end of dialysis. Saliva was collected using the standard way of collection. The samples controlled to avoid drooling or swallowing. Whole saliva was collected under resting conditions in a quiet room. Duration was between 0900 and noon at least 1 h after di- alysis. Each patient was asked to chew a piece of Arabic gum (0.5-0.7 gm) for one minute, all saliva was removed expectoration, chewing was continued for five minutes with the same piece of gum and saliva was collected in sterile screw capped bottle . Salivary urea and Amylase were analyzed by specific kits, while slivary PH was tested by a hand-held pH meter . Salivary trace elements of saliva were analyzed at the Poisoning Consultation Center/Specialized Surgeries hospital by flame atomic absorption following standardized procedure. Results: Mean age of ESRD patients was 50.1±14.9 years, males were more than females. No significant difference was observed between patients and controls regarding age and gender.There was a highly significant difference in salivary Potassium, Sodium, Calcium, Copper, Urea and Amylase levels between ESRD patients and controls (p<0.001). There was a significant difference in sal- ivary Zinc level between ESRD patients and controls (p=0.02). There was a significant association between increased age of ESRD patients and HT (p=0.04). A significant association was observed between HT among ESRD patients and high salivary Zinc level (p=0.008). Conclusion: Abnormal high Salivary Urea concentration in ESRD patients are associated with or was high and it was a significant predictor of ESRD. This study showed that salivary minerals (Potassium, Sodium, Calcium and Copper) were more likely to be re- duced in ESRD patients undergone hemodialysis.
{"title":"Physiological Changes of Salivary Parameters in Patients with End Stage Renal Failure","authors":"Mohammed S. Hadi, K. H. Gathwan","doi":"10.26477/IDJ.V38I3.103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26477/IDJ.V38I3.103","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Many oral diseases were recorded in ESRD patients including as gingivitis, tooth mobility, xerostomia, ammonia-like smell, mucosal pallor and lesions, malocclusion and an increased risk of dental erosion. Salivary changes among ESRD patients might be attributed to renal failure, use of multiple medications, vomiting, depressive mood and low oral health hygiene. Aim of study: to assess the salivary changes of patients with end stage renal disease.To determine whether there is changes in salivary compositions and biochemical parameters (urea, creatinine, salivary PH) of patients with end stage renal failure.To find whether there is change in salivary trace element (zinc, copper).To identify whether there is change in salivary electrolyte (sodium, potassium, calcium, phosphate).Determine whether there is a change in salivary enzymes (amylase). Subjects, Materials and Methods :A cross sectional study carried out in two dialysis centers in Baghdad (Al-Khadhimya Teaching Hospital and Al-Karamah Teaching Hospital) through a period from 1 st of March to end of 30 th of July, 2015 on convenient sample of 64 patients with end stage renal diseases and on 64 healthy controls. Salivary samples were collected by the researcher at the end of dialysis. Saliva was collected using the standard way of collection. The samples controlled to avoid drooling or swallowing. Whole saliva was collected under resting conditions in a quiet room. Duration was between 0900 and noon at least 1 h after di- alysis. Each patient was asked to chew a piece of Arabic gum (0.5-0.7 gm) for one minute, all saliva was removed expectoration, chewing was continued for five minutes with the same piece of gum and saliva was collected in sterile screw capped bottle . Salivary urea and Amylase were analyzed by specific kits, while slivary PH was tested by a hand-held pH meter . Salivary trace elements of saliva were analyzed at the Poisoning Consultation Center/Specialized Surgeries hospital by flame atomic absorption following standardized procedure. Results: Mean age of ESRD patients was 50.1±14.9 years, males were more than females. No significant difference was observed between patients and controls regarding age and gender.There was a highly significant difference in salivary Potassium, Sodium, Calcium, Copper, Urea and Amylase levels between ESRD patients and controls (p<0.001). There was a significant difference in sal- ivary Zinc level between ESRD patients and controls (p=0.02). There was a significant association between increased age of ESRD patients and HT (p=0.04). A significant association was observed between HT among ESRD patients and high salivary Zinc level (p=0.008). Conclusion: Abnormal high Salivary Urea concentration in ESRD patients are associated with or was high and it was a significant predictor of ESRD. This study showed that salivary minerals (Potassium, Sodium, Calcium and Copper) were more likely to be re- duced in ESRD patients undergone hemodialysis.","PeriodicalId":78326,"journal":{"name":"Iraqi Dental Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91444699","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Asem A. M. Abdaljawwad, Zena Hekmat Altaee, L. I. Sood
Background: One of the side effects of orthodontic treatment is pain this lead to discourage patients from treatment. The aim of this study to estimate and compare the effect of preoperative use of Meloxicam and Mefenamic acid drug on pain experienced after separator placement in orthodontic patients. Materials and Methods: Thirty patients aged between 17 and 26 years who claimed to undergo orthodontic treatment with fixed appliance were participate in this double-blind, prospective study. They were randomly distributed into three experimental groups, 10 for each group as follow: group A; administration of starch capsules, group B; administration of 500 mg mefenamic acid, and group C; administration of 7.5 mg meloxicam; medications were administered 1 hour before separator placement. The pain was recorded by the patients on a linear and graded Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) at time intervals of 2 hours, 6 hours, nighttime on the day of appointment, 24 hours after the appointment, and 48 hours after the appointment during each of these four activities: (chewing, biting, fitting front teeth, and fitting back teeth). Result: The results of ANOVA reveal high significant differences between the three experimental groups at all time intervals and during all four activities ( P < .05 ). LSD comparisons reveal high significant differences between placebo, mefenamic acid, and meloxicam groups ( P < .05 ) the lowest pain was reported by the meloxicam group, and the highest one in placebo group. Conclusion: - The use of 7.5 mg meloxicam tab or drug as a single dose 1 hour preoperatively only is highly recommended for pain control after separator placement. -The pain begins at the moment of separator placement and reaches its peak in 24 hours and then, gradually decreases until the 48 hours.
{"title":"The Effect Of Meloxicam and Mefenamic Acid Premedication on Pain Experience In Orthodontic Patients","authors":"Asem A. M. Abdaljawwad, Zena Hekmat Altaee, L. I. Sood","doi":"10.26477/IDJ.V38I3.100","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26477/IDJ.V38I3.100","url":null,"abstract":"Background: One of the side effects of orthodontic treatment is pain this lead to discourage patients from treatment. The aim of this study to estimate and compare the effect of preoperative use of Meloxicam and Mefenamic acid drug on pain experienced after separator placement in orthodontic patients. Materials and Methods: Thirty patients aged between 17 and 26 years who claimed to undergo orthodontic treatment with fixed appliance were participate in this double-blind, prospective study. They were randomly distributed into three experimental groups, 10 for each group as follow: group A; administration of starch capsules, group B; administration of 500 mg mefenamic acid, and group C; administration of 7.5 mg meloxicam; medications were administered 1 hour before separator placement. The pain was recorded by the patients on a linear and graded Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) at time intervals of 2 hours, 6 hours, nighttime on the day of appointment, 24 hours after the appointment, and 48 hours after the appointment during each of these four activities: (chewing, biting, fitting front teeth, and fitting back teeth). Result: The results of ANOVA reveal high significant differences between the three experimental groups at all time intervals and during all four activities ( P < .05 ). LSD comparisons reveal high significant differences between placebo, mefenamic acid, and meloxicam groups ( P < .05 ) the lowest pain was reported by the meloxicam group, and the highest one in placebo group. Conclusion: - The use of 7.5 mg meloxicam tab or drug as a single dose 1 hour preoperatively only is highly recommended for pain control after separator placement. -The pain begins at the moment of separator placement and reaches its peak in 24 hours and then, gradually decreases until the 48 hours.","PeriodicalId":78326,"journal":{"name":"Iraqi Dental Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76407250","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background : Surgical removal of impacted mandibular third molars is associated with various postoperative complications like pain, swelling and trismus. These complications influence the patients’ quality of life in the week following surgery. Many surgical interventions had been attempted to limit these complications, among them is the wound closure techniques. This study carry out a literature review to evaluate the impact of these techniques on patient morbidity following LM3 surgery. Materials and method: The MEDLINE and PubMed database was searched for the related studies. Twenty-one randomized pro- spective clinical trials, that measure part or all of the immediate outcomes, were included. Results : Twenty-one randomized prospective clinical trials were evaluated. They described the partial wound closure modalities, including single suture technique, the excision of mucosa immediately distal to the second molar, the placement of drain, and a “sutureless” technique. Conclusion: The role of wound closure techniques on immediate postoperative sequlae revealed a varied opinion among research- ers.
{"title":"A Review of Wound Closure Technique-Patient Morbidity Relationship After Wisdom Tooth Surgery","authors":"A. Al-Samman","doi":"10.26477/idj.v38i3.101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26477/idj.v38i3.101","url":null,"abstract":"Background : Surgical removal of impacted mandibular third molars is associated with various postoperative complications like pain, swelling and trismus. These complications influence the patients’ quality of life in the week following surgery. Many surgical interventions had been attempted to limit these complications, among them is the wound closure techniques. This study carry out a literature review to evaluate the impact of these techniques on patient morbidity following LM3 surgery. Materials and method: The MEDLINE and PubMed database was searched for the related studies. Twenty-one randomized pro- spective clinical trials, that measure part or all of the immediate outcomes, were included. Results : Twenty-one randomized prospective clinical trials were evaluated. They described the partial wound closure modalities, including single suture technique, the excision of mucosa immediately distal to the second molar, the placement of drain, and a “sutureless” technique. Conclusion: The role of wound closure techniques on immediate postoperative sequlae revealed a varied opinion among research- ers.","PeriodicalId":78326,"journal":{"name":"Iraqi Dental Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74357646","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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