Pub Date : 2019-11-13DOI: 10.11648/J.AVS.20190705.11
K. Mohammed, G. Darwish, R. Dohreig, A. Mahmoud, Z. Rawash, Abdel Khaleik Nassra, M. Badr, Ayman M N Hassan, S. Essawy
The study was investigated to compare the effectiveness of Folltropin and two products (Fostimon and Menogon) of a recombinant human follicle stimulating hormone (rhFSH) on ovarian super-stimulation and embryo production in dairy Holstein cows. Two different doses for each super-ovulatory product were investigated. The relationship between the levels of Anti-Mullerian Hormone (AMH) in the blood serum before super-stimulation initiation and ovarian response and embryos production were also evaluated. At random stage of the estrus cycle, the donor cows were received intra-vaginal controlled internal drug release device (CIDR) and injected with 100μg of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH). On fourth day of CIDR insertion, cows were divided according to the product types of superovulatory hormones into three equal main groups. According to hormonal dose, each main group was re-divided into two equally sub-groups; low and high dose. Superovulatory hormones was injected IM as decreasing doses; 40%, 30%, 20% and 10% of the total dose twice daily for 4 days. On day 7, CIDRs were removed and each cow received 2 doses of PGF2α with 12hr interval. Based upon heat detection, donor's cows were inseminated with frozen semen three times 8-10hrs interval and concurrent with 100μg GnRH injection at first insemination. Non-surgical embryos recovery was performed on day's 7-8 post insemination and ovarian super-stimulation was checked using sonography to estimate ovarian response. Recovered embryos were morphologically evaluated as grades. Twelve embryos collected from Menogon donors group were transferred to six recipient's cows. The mean numbers of CL, recovered embryo/ova, fertilized ova and transferable embryos are significantly (P<0.01) higher in Folltropin and Menogon treated cows than Fostimon group. Donor cows treated with high doses of Folltropin and Menogon showed higher means for transferable and freezable embryos. Three recipients (50%) who received embryos appeared pregnant and one of them born calf. Significant positive correlations were reported between AMH on one side and CL, total ovarian response, transferable and freezable embryos on the other side, and cows having AMH≥230ng/L exhibited significant higher means. In conclusion: Menogon can be used as rhFSH for embryos production with transferable quality. AMH can be used as indicator to helpful select cow's candidates as donors. More studies are needed using Fostimon accompanied with different levels of LH.
{"title":"Impact of Type and Dose of Recombinant Human Follicle Stimulating Hormone on Embryos Production in Dairy Cows and Their Relationship with AMH Concentration","authors":"K. Mohammed, G. Darwish, R. Dohreig, A. Mahmoud, Z. Rawash, Abdel Khaleik Nassra, M. Badr, Ayman M N Hassan, S. Essawy","doi":"10.11648/J.AVS.20190705.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.AVS.20190705.11","url":null,"abstract":"The study was investigated to compare the effectiveness of Folltropin and two products (Fostimon and Menogon) of a recombinant human follicle stimulating hormone (rhFSH) on ovarian super-stimulation and embryo production in dairy Holstein cows. Two different doses for each super-ovulatory product were investigated. The relationship between the levels of Anti-Mullerian Hormone (AMH) in the blood serum before super-stimulation initiation and ovarian response and embryos production were also evaluated. At random stage of the estrus cycle, the donor cows were received intra-vaginal controlled internal drug release device (CIDR) and injected with 100μg of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH). On fourth day of CIDR insertion, cows were divided according to the product types of superovulatory hormones into three equal main groups. According to hormonal dose, each main group was re-divided into two equally sub-groups; low and high dose. Superovulatory hormones was injected IM as decreasing doses; 40%, 30%, 20% and 10% of the total dose twice daily for 4 days. On day 7, CIDRs were removed and each cow received 2 doses of PGF2α with 12hr interval. Based upon heat detection, donor's cows were inseminated with frozen semen three times 8-10hrs interval and concurrent with 100μg GnRH injection at first insemination. Non-surgical embryos recovery was performed on day's 7-8 post insemination and ovarian super-stimulation was checked using sonography to estimate ovarian response. Recovered embryos were morphologically evaluated as grades. Twelve embryos collected from Menogon donors group were transferred to six recipient's cows. The mean numbers of CL, recovered embryo/ova, fertilized ova and transferable embryos are significantly (P<0.01) higher in Folltropin and Menogon treated cows than Fostimon group. Donor cows treated with high doses of Folltropin and Menogon showed higher means for transferable and freezable embryos. Three recipients (50%) who received embryos appeared pregnant and one of them born calf. Significant positive correlations were reported between AMH on one side and CL, total ovarian response, transferable and freezable embryos on the other side, and cows having AMH≥230ng/L exhibited significant higher means. In conclusion: Menogon can be used as rhFSH for embryos production with transferable quality. AMH can be used as indicator to helpful select cow's candidates as donors. More studies are needed using Fostimon accompanied with different levels of LH.","PeriodicalId":7842,"journal":{"name":"Animal and Veterinary Sciences","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90868144","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-08-26DOI: 10.11648/J.AVS.20190704.14
T. Honda, K. Oyama
Reduction of genetic drift for preservation of genetic variability is one of the primary concerns for maintenance of endangered species in captivity. For this purpose, a number of selection schemes to equalize parental contributions to the next generation have been widely accepted as a simple guideline, but genetic drift due to random segregation of heterozygote parents, so-called Mendelian sampling, has remained unavoidable. In the past, the use of cell manipulation techniques developed in a field of mammal reproductive technology has been suggested to restrict this genetic drift. However, its potential benefit has been examined only for a randomly mating population of equal sex ratio. In this study, we assumed the situation where the cell manipulation technique is applied to the population under the mating system of maximum avoidance of inbreeding (MAI), and examined its effect on the progress of inbreeding by developing a recurrence equation of panmictic indices of the population. Inbreeding coefficient was substantially suppressed at the locus site where the mean number of crossovers between the site and centromere (m) was small. Although inbreeding coefficient inflated as m increased, its effect diminished as m increased. These tendencies were observed irrespective of the size of the population.
{"title":"Improvement of the Maximum Avoidance of Inbreeding by the Use of Cell Manipulation Technique in Gametogenesis","authors":"T. Honda, K. Oyama","doi":"10.11648/J.AVS.20190704.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.AVS.20190704.14","url":null,"abstract":"Reduction of genetic drift for preservation of genetic variability is one of the primary concerns for maintenance of endangered species in captivity. For this purpose, a number of selection schemes to equalize parental contributions to the next generation have been widely accepted as a simple guideline, but genetic drift due to random segregation of heterozygote parents, so-called Mendelian sampling, has remained unavoidable. In the past, the use of cell manipulation techniques developed in a field of mammal reproductive technology has been suggested to restrict this genetic drift. However, its potential benefit has been examined only for a randomly mating population of equal sex ratio. In this study, we assumed the situation where the cell manipulation technique is applied to the population under the mating system of maximum avoidance of inbreeding (MAI), and examined its effect on the progress of inbreeding by developing a recurrence equation of panmictic indices of the population. Inbreeding coefficient was substantially suppressed at the locus site where the mean number of crossovers between the site and centromere (m) was small. Although inbreeding coefficient inflated as m increased, its effect diminished as m increased. These tendencies were observed irrespective of the size of the population.","PeriodicalId":7842,"journal":{"name":"Animal and Veterinary Sciences","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85802404","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-08-06DOI: 10.11648/J.AVS.20190704.13
M. Gallardo, L. Azócar-Aedo, Luis Arias-Darraz, Giorgio Castellar, M. Salgado, J. Cárcamo
Sheep feces can carry a high concentration of pathogenic and non-pathogenic bacteria, which potentially may contaminate wool as well as the shearers or wool manipulators through direct contact. A pilot study was carried out to determine the presence of bacterial DNA in feces and the degree of bacterial contamination in wool in two species of ruminants. Fourteen 2-month old lambs and 14 kids (7 male and 7 female), uncastrated, no twins, with their mothers, were randomly selected at weaning from a free flock grazing on naturalized pasture of Los Rios region, Chile. Fecal and wool samples were taken once and analyzed for genomic DNA of Salmonella typhimurium containing the virulence plasmid spv, Eschrichia coli serotype O157, Clostridium perfringens type C containing α toxin and Mycobacterium avium sp paratuberculosis containing the IS900 insertion element. The results showed that lamb and kids feces had higher contents of bacterial DNA for E. coli O157 and SalmT than lamb wool, although only one lamb showed these two bacteria on its wool. The bacterial species influenced the DNA expression for 16S in both, feces (P=0.05) and wool (P=0.0006) and for E. coli O157 and SalmT only in feces (P<0.0001). The sex was associated with E. coli detection in lambs feces (P<0.0007) and in kids feces (P<0.05). The values obtained for MAP IS900 and Cpa DNA contents, considering both species and sex, were undetectable. In conclusion, lamb and kids feces should potentially contaminate wool especially by Eschrichia coli O157 and Salmonella typhimurium, representing a potential health risk and public health concern, especially for shearers and wool handlers.
{"title":"A Survey of Bacterial Pathogens Detected in Feces and Wool in Small Ruminants (Pilot Study)","authors":"M. Gallardo, L. Azócar-Aedo, Luis Arias-Darraz, Giorgio Castellar, M. Salgado, J. Cárcamo","doi":"10.11648/J.AVS.20190704.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.AVS.20190704.13","url":null,"abstract":"Sheep feces can carry a high concentration of pathogenic and non-pathogenic bacteria, which potentially may contaminate wool as well as the shearers or wool manipulators through direct contact. A pilot study was carried out to determine the presence of bacterial DNA in feces and the degree of bacterial contamination in wool in two species of ruminants. Fourteen 2-month old lambs and 14 kids (7 male and 7 female), uncastrated, no twins, with their mothers, were randomly selected at weaning from a free flock grazing on naturalized pasture of Los Rios region, Chile. Fecal and wool samples were taken once and analyzed for genomic DNA of Salmonella typhimurium containing the virulence plasmid spv, Eschrichia coli serotype O157, Clostridium perfringens type C containing α toxin and Mycobacterium avium sp paratuberculosis containing the IS900 insertion element. The results showed that lamb and kids feces had higher contents of bacterial DNA for E. coli O157 and SalmT than lamb wool, although only one lamb showed these two bacteria on its wool. The bacterial species influenced the DNA expression for 16S in both, feces (P=0.05) and wool (P=0.0006) and for E. coli O157 and SalmT only in feces (P<0.0001). The sex was associated with E. coli detection in lambs feces (P<0.0007) and in kids feces (P<0.05). The values obtained for MAP IS900 and Cpa DNA contents, considering both species and sex, were undetectable. In conclusion, lamb and kids feces should potentially contaminate wool especially by Eschrichia coli O157 and Salmonella typhimurium, representing a potential health risk and public health concern, especially for shearers and wool handlers.","PeriodicalId":7842,"journal":{"name":"Animal and Veterinary Sciences","volume":"186 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83554046","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-07-16DOI: 10.11648/J.AVS.20190704.11
Shih-Chang Lin, Yao Qiucheng, G. Yuan, Yu Ben-liang, Yang Ben-yong, Yao Wei, He Likun, Liang Qiao, Wang Xiurong, Ping Jihui, Ge Ye
H9N2 is widespread in nature and is sporadically detected in many poultry and even human beings. Though this subtype could not lethality to poultry or human, it caused great financial losses for farmers and threaten to human health. In this study, ten new-reassortment H9N2 avian influenza viruses (AIVs) were isolated from domestic birds in Liaoning Province between March 2012 and October 2014. Nucleotide sequence comparisons indicated that the internal genes of one strain were highly similar to those of human H7N9 viruses, which was another proof on H9N2 as H7N9 donor’ gene. Amino acid substitutions and deletions found in the HA and NA proteins separately, which indicated that all ten of these isolates may have an enhanced ability to infect humans and other mammals. A cross-hemagglutinin inhibition assay conducted with two vaccine strains that are broadly used in China suggested that antisera against vaccine candidates could not provide complete inhibition of the new isolates. Three of the ten viruses tested could replicated in respiratory organs of infective BALB/c mice without adaption, which suggested their potential capacity for directly infecting mammals. The continued surveillance of poultry is important to provide early warning and control of AIV outbreaks. Our results highlight the high genetic diversity of AIV and the need for more extensive AIV surveillance.
{"title":"Molecular Evolutionary and Amino Acid Characteristics of Newly Isolated H9N2 Avian Influenza Viruses in Liaoning Province, China","authors":"Shih-Chang Lin, Yao Qiucheng, G. Yuan, Yu Ben-liang, Yang Ben-yong, Yao Wei, He Likun, Liang Qiao, Wang Xiurong, Ping Jihui, Ge Ye","doi":"10.11648/J.AVS.20190704.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.AVS.20190704.11","url":null,"abstract":"H9N2 is widespread in nature and is sporadically detected in many poultry and even human beings. Though this subtype could not lethality to poultry or human, it caused great financial losses for farmers and threaten to human health. In this study, ten new-reassortment H9N2 avian influenza viruses (AIVs) were isolated from domestic birds in Liaoning Province between March 2012 and October 2014. Nucleotide sequence comparisons indicated that the internal genes of one strain were highly similar to those of human H7N9 viruses, which was another proof on H9N2 as H7N9 donor’ gene. Amino acid substitutions and deletions found in the HA and NA proteins separately, which indicated that all ten of these isolates may have an enhanced ability to infect humans and other mammals. A cross-hemagglutinin inhibition assay conducted with two vaccine strains that are broadly used in China suggested that antisera against vaccine candidates could not provide complete inhibition of the new isolates. Three of the ten viruses tested could replicated in respiratory organs of infective BALB/c mice without adaption, which suggested their potential capacity for directly infecting mammals. The continued surveillance of poultry is important to provide early warning and control of AIV outbreaks. Our results highlight the high genetic diversity of AIV and the need for more extensive AIV surveillance.","PeriodicalId":7842,"journal":{"name":"Animal and Veterinary Sciences","volume":"4 1","pages":"94"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81451900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-07-10DOI: 10.11648/J.AVS.20190704.12
N. T. Cuc, S. Weigend
The project aims at assessing genetic diversity between Vietnamese local chicken breeds and other chicken breeds from various continents and analyzing genetic relationship between them A total of 43 chicken breeds was genotyping using 29 Microsatellite markers. The result showed that the gene pool of Vietnamese local chickens had 26 unique alleles. Within genetic variability of Vietnamese local chicken was high compared to other chicken group except for Vietnamese exotic breeds of Chinese origin. The Vietnamese local populations closely clustered with the Red Jungle fowl population and one Chinese native breed but separated with clusters of other native Chinese and European breeds, with the African cluster in the middle. Clustering of 43 populations also revealed correspond to known breed history and geographical distribution in which Vietnamese chickens are more closely related to Red Jungle fowl populations than the Chinese breeds. This study suggested that gene flow between Vietnamese local chickens and wild ancestors could occurred.
{"title":"Genetic Relationship Between Vietnamese Chicken Populations and Chicken Populations from Different Continents","authors":"N. T. Cuc, S. Weigend","doi":"10.11648/J.AVS.20190704.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.AVS.20190704.12","url":null,"abstract":"The project aims at assessing genetic diversity between Vietnamese local chicken breeds and other chicken breeds from various continents and analyzing genetic relationship between them A total of 43 chicken breeds was genotyping using 29 Microsatellite markers. The result showed that the gene pool of Vietnamese local chickens had 26 unique alleles. Within genetic variability of Vietnamese local chicken was high compared to other chicken group except for Vietnamese exotic breeds of Chinese origin. The Vietnamese local populations closely clustered with the Red Jungle fowl population and one Chinese native breed but separated with clusters of other native Chinese and European breeds, with the African cluster in the middle. Clustering of 43 populations also revealed correspond to known breed history and geographical distribution in which Vietnamese chickens are more closely related to Red Jungle fowl populations than the Chinese breeds. This study suggested that gene flow between Vietnamese local chickens and wild ancestors could occurred.","PeriodicalId":7842,"journal":{"name":"Animal and Veterinary Sciences","volume":"71 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80039666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Most Escherichia coli (E. coli strains are normal commensals found in the intestinal tract of both humans and animals, while others are pathogenic to animals and humans. Pathogenic E. coli distinguished from normal flora by their possession of virulence factors. Hence, the main objective of this review is to appraise different virulence factors associated with occurrence of pathogenic E. coli infections. Some pathogenic strains cause diarrhoeal disease and are categorized into specific groups based on virulence properties, mechanisms of pathogenicity, clinical syndromes and distinct O: H serogroups. In this review, the most important virulence factors of E. coli including acid resistance, different adhesion proteins like fimbriae, fibrillae, curli and outer membrane protein A, the use of type III secretion systems by the bacteria to subvert eukaryotic signaling pathways by injecting virulence proteins into the host cell cytoplasm, the alkaline phosphatase encoded by PhoA gene in E. coli, the repeatsin toxin pore-forming toxins, oligopeptide toxin of E. coli, heat-labile enterotoxins, Vero/Shiga toxins and different pathogenicity islands which encode a variety of different virulence factors like adhesins, toxins, invasins, protein secretion systems, iron uptake systems and others were critically conferred. Thus, this review paper call for pioneering research on different virulence factors of E. coli in order to apply a well-coordinated control interventions.
{"title":"A Review on Virulence Factors of Escherichia Coli","authors":"Eshetu Shumi Gebisa, Minda Asfaw Gerasu, Diriba Taddese Leggese","doi":"10.11648/j.avs.20190703.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/j.avs.20190703.13","url":null,"abstract":"Most Escherichia coli (E. coli strains are normal commensals found in the intestinal tract of both humans and animals, while others are pathogenic to animals and humans. Pathogenic E. coli distinguished from normal flora by their possession of virulence factors. Hence, the main objective of this review is to appraise different virulence factors associated with occurrence of pathogenic E. coli infections. Some pathogenic strains cause diarrhoeal disease and are categorized into specific groups based on virulence properties, mechanisms of pathogenicity, clinical syndromes and distinct O: H serogroups. In this review, the most important virulence factors of E. coli including acid resistance, different adhesion proteins like fimbriae, fibrillae, curli and outer membrane protein A, the use of type III secretion systems by the bacteria to subvert eukaryotic signaling pathways by injecting virulence proteins into the host cell cytoplasm, the alkaline phosphatase encoded by PhoA gene in E. coli, the repeatsin toxin pore-forming toxins, oligopeptide toxin of E. coli, heat-labile enterotoxins, Vero/Shiga toxins and different pathogenicity islands which encode a variety of different virulence factors like adhesins, toxins, invasins, protein secretion systems, iron uptake systems and others were critically conferred. Thus, this review paper call for pioneering research on different virulence factors of E. coli in order to apply a well-coordinated control interventions.","PeriodicalId":7842,"journal":{"name":"Animal and Veterinary Sciences","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74854427","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-13DOI: 10.11648/J.AVS.20190703.11
T. Getahun
Dourine is a chronic or acute contagious disease of breeding equids which transmitted directly from animal to animal during coitus. It is caused by T. equiperdum which is rarely detected in the blood stream and normally localizes in the capillaries of the mucous membranes of the urogenital tract. The diagnosis of T. equiperdum is not straight forward and this can lead to difficulties in achieving reliable data on the prevalence and distribution of infections and in the implementations and monitoring of control programs of the disease. The only effective control of dourine remains strict control of breeding; good hygiene is essential during assisted mating because infection may be transmitted through contaminated fomites. So the main objective is to review the epidemiology and control method practiced in Ethiopia.
{"title":"A Review on Epidimiology and Control Aspect of Dourine in Ethiopia","authors":"T. Getahun","doi":"10.11648/J.AVS.20190703.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.AVS.20190703.11","url":null,"abstract":"Dourine is a chronic or acute contagious disease of breeding equids which transmitted directly from animal to animal during coitus. It is caused by T. equiperdum which is rarely detected in the blood stream and normally localizes in the capillaries of the mucous membranes of the urogenital tract. The diagnosis of T. equiperdum is not straight forward and this can lead to difficulties in achieving reliable data on the prevalence and distribution of infections and in the implementations and monitoring of control programs of the disease. The only effective control of dourine remains strict control of breeding; good hygiene is essential during assisted mating because infection may be transmitted through contaminated fomites. So the main objective is to review the epidemiology and control method practiced in Ethiopia.","PeriodicalId":7842,"journal":{"name":"Animal and Veterinary Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91233546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-12DOI: 10.11648/J.AVS.20190702.14
Ernesto de Jesús Viruel-Morales, M. I. Pérez-León, José Cristóbal Leyva-López, G. Rodríguez-Ortiz, Jorge Hernández-Bautista, E. Castañeda-Hidalgo
The agroforestry systems consider the integrated management of all production within the production unit processes and conservation practices related to the use of natural resources. From this point of view, it should be approached as a system composed by subsystems and the interactions that occur among them, in order to provide a sustainable, social, economic and ecological alternative to the traditional extensive ranching. The project objective was to evaluate the fattening of goats under an agrosilvopastoril production system established in the 2013 summer-autumn cycle, at the Technological Institute of Oaxaca Valley (ITVO). Completely randomized design with factorial arrangement evaluating three factors (age, sex and supplement) and two levels were used. 16 goats feeding with nutritional ITVO block, native grasses and guaje (Leucaena esculenta) were used. The variance analysis was made by the statistical package SAS (Statistical Analysis System) version 9.4. For the comparison of measures with Tukey test (α = 0.05) and a proximal analysis by Van Soest to obtain the quality of the forages. Weight gain related to sex was differential, males and females presented a value of 63.5±18.2 and 54.25±17.3 g day/animal not significant (p>0.05), respectively. Creole goats grazing and supplemented with a nutritional block had a weight gain of 70.5±20.3 g day/animal without supplement 47.29±18.9 g day/animal not significant (p>0.05). The greater weight gained in nutritional supplement found with block showed that the use of the same influences fattening goats.
农林业系统考虑到生产单位过程内所有生产的综合管理和与自然资源使用有关的养护做法。从这个角度来看，它应该被视为一个由子系统和它们之间发生的相互作用组成的系统，以便提供一个可持续的、社会的、经济的和生态的替代传统的广泛的牧场。该项目的目标是评估2013年夏-秋周期在瓦哈卡山谷技术研究所(ITVO)建立的农伐多利生产系统下山羊的增肥情况。采用完全随机设计，因子排列评估三个因素(年龄、性别和补充剂)和两个水平。16只山羊分别饲喂营养性ITVO块、乡土草和瓜叶(Leucaena esculenta)。方差分析采用统计软件包SAS (statistical analysis System) 9.4版本进行。采用Tukey检验(α = 0.05)和Van Soest近端分析比较，得出饲料质量。增重与性别有差异，公母分别为63.5±18.2和54.25±17.3 g d /只，差异不显著(p>0.05)。放牧和添加营养块的克里奥尔山羊增重70.5±20.3 g d /只，未添加营养块的克里奥尔山羊增重47.29±18.9 g d /只，差异不显著(p>0.05)。添加block的营养补充剂增加的体重更大，表明使用相同的营养补充剂对山羊增肥有影响。
{"title":"Goats Fattening Under an Agrosilvopastoril Production System in Oaxaca","authors":"Ernesto de Jesús Viruel-Morales, M. I. Pérez-León, José Cristóbal Leyva-López, G. Rodríguez-Ortiz, Jorge Hernández-Bautista, E. Castañeda-Hidalgo","doi":"10.11648/J.AVS.20190702.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.AVS.20190702.14","url":null,"abstract":"The agroforestry systems consider the integrated management of all production within the production unit processes and conservation practices related to the use of natural resources. From this point of view, it should be approached as a system composed by subsystems and the interactions that occur among them, in order to provide a sustainable, social, economic and ecological alternative to the traditional extensive ranching. The project objective was to evaluate the fattening of goats under an agrosilvopastoril production system established in the 2013 summer-autumn cycle, at the Technological Institute of Oaxaca Valley (ITVO). Completely randomized design with factorial arrangement evaluating three factors (age, sex and supplement) and two levels were used. 16 goats feeding with nutritional ITVO block, native grasses and guaje (Leucaena esculenta) were used. The variance analysis was made by the statistical package SAS (Statistical Analysis System) version 9.4. For the comparison of measures with Tukey test (α = 0.05) and a proximal analysis by Van Soest to obtain the quality of the forages. Weight gain related to sex was differential, males and females presented a value of 63.5±18.2 and 54.25±17.3 g day/animal not significant (p>0.05), respectively. Creole goats grazing and supplemented with a nutritional block had a weight gain of 70.5±20.3 g day/animal without supplement 47.29±18.9 g day/animal not significant (p>0.05). The greater weight gained in nutritional supplement found with block showed that the use of the same influences fattening goats.","PeriodicalId":7842,"journal":{"name":"Animal and Veterinary Sciences","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83248878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-05-11DOI: 10.11648/J.AVS.20190702.11
W. Zaremba, T. Udluft, K. Failing, H. Bostedt
The aim of this field study was to analyse the course of parturition in sows, differentiated by eutocia and dystocia, after previous partus synchronisation. The study included 1,975 sows of a closed herd divided into 5 groups: Sows having farrowed until or on day 114 post conception served as controls (A; n = 710). Sows in which parturition did not commence until or during day 114 were treated with a PGF2a-analogue (cloprostenol 175 mg IM). Sows which started to farrow within 24 hours post injection were assigned to group B (n = 719). Sows which did not start giving birth within 24 hrs post injection were treated with IM injection of either oxytocin (20 I. E.; group C; n = 180) or carbetocin in two different dosages (70 mg: group D, n = 175; or 35 mg: group E, n = 191). Sows were monitored continuously during the trial period. According to the results of analysis, time until beginning of the expulsion stage (II) was significantly shortened after partial partus induction in sows with eutocia in groups C, D, and E compared to group B (P £ 0.001). A statistically significant prolongation (P < 0,0001) was observed in sows with dystocia. The dystocia rates were: control group (A) 11.5%, group B 19.5%, group C 18.3%, group D 11.4%, and group E 13.6%. After partus induction, percentage of stillborn piglets (eutocia) showed an overall significant decrease (P < 0.002 – 0.05) in correlation to reduction of duration of parturition.
{"title":"Analysis of the Course of Birth and the Early Postpartal Period in Pigs After Hormonal Partus Induction with Special Consideration of Complication Rate","authors":"W. Zaremba, T. Udluft, K. Failing, H. Bostedt","doi":"10.11648/J.AVS.20190702.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.AVS.20190702.11","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this field study was to analyse the course of parturition in sows, differentiated by eutocia and dystocia, after previous partus synchronisation. The study included 1,975 sows of a closed herd divided into 5 groups: Sows having farrowed until or on day 114 post conception served as controls (A; n = 710). Sows in which parturition did not commence until or during day 114 were treated with a PGF2a-analogue (cloprostenol 175 mg IM). Sows which started to farrow within 24 hours post injection were assigned to group B (n = 719). Sows which did not start giving birth within 24 hrs post injection were treated with IM injection of either oxytocin (20 I. E.; group C; n = 180) or carbetocin in two different dosages (70 mg: group D, n = 175; or 35 mg: group E, n = 191). Sows were monitored continuously during the trial period. According to the results of analysis, time until beginning of the expulsion stage (II) was significantly shortened after partial partus induction in sows with eutocia in groups C, D, and E compared to group B (P £ 0.001). A statistically significant prolongation (P < 0,0001) was observed in sows with dystocia. The dystocia rates were: control group (A) 11.5%, group B 19.5%, group C 18.3%, group D 11.4%, and group E 13.6%. After partus induction, percentage of stillborn piglets (eutocia) showed an overall significant decrease (P < 0.002 – 0.05) in correlation to reduction of duration of parturition.","PeriodicalId":7842,"journal":{"name":"Animal and Veterinary Sciences","volume":"06 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90408875","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-04-18DOI: 10.11648/J.AVS.20190701.14
F. Kuhne, Kerstin Hoock, Martin Kramer, H. Hackbarth
Cats are among the most popular pets. A cat can be a feral cat, a stray cat, or a pet cat with variable degrees of free-roaming access to the outdoors. Free-roaming pet cats are the most significant source of cat overpopulation. Furthermore, if free-roaming cats do not wear identification, ownership is difficult to identify. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate 1) how pet cats are kept and cared for in Germany and 2) cat owners’ attitudes to stray and feral cats and compliance with fertility control. The survey was designed as a multiple-choice questionnaire covering information on cat ownership and cat owners’ attitudes to stray and feral cats and cat population management tools. Regression analyses were applied to determine whether the attitudes to stray and feral cats could be predicted from demographic parameters or one’s own cat keeping. Many cat owners know stray and feral cats in their vicinity, but this knowledge has no influence on the spaying and neutering, identification, and registration status of their own cats and on their own cat keeping, e.g., with or without free access to the outdoors. Cat owners are afraid that stray and feral cats may transmit diseases to pet cats. The demographic parameters of the cat owners, e.g., their gender, age, and education level, significantly influenced their attitudes to keeping and caring for their own cat and controlling the cat population. Cat owners would accept the costs of legal requirements to spay or to neuter and to identify their own cat, and the majority would not relinquish their own cat to save the costs. To address the responsibility of cat owners is of utmost importance. It is necessary to spay or neuter and to identify free-roaming pet cats to prevent them from getting lost or pregnant. Each cat population management program’s success depends on cat owners being involved and convinced of its necessity.
{"title":"Cat Owners: How they Keep and Care for Their Own Cats and Their Attitudes to Stray and Feral Cats in Germany","authors":"F. Kuhne, Kerstin Hoock, Martin Kramer, H. Hackbarth","doi":"10.11648/J.AVS.20190701.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.AVS.20190701.14","url":null,"abstract":"Cats are among the most popular pets. A cat can be a feral cat, a stray cat, or a pet cat with variable degrees of free-roaming access to the outdoors. Free-roaming pet cats are the most significant source of cat overpopulation. Furthermore, if free-roaming cats do not wear identification, ownership is difficult to identify. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate 1) how pet cats are kept and cared for in Germany and 2) cat owners’ attitudes to stray and feral cats and compliance with fertility control. The survey was designed as a multiple-choice questionnaire covering information on cat ownership and cat owners’ attitudes to stray and feral cats and cat population management tools. Regression analyses were applied to determine whether the attitudes to stray and feral cats could be predicted from demographic parameters or one’s own cat keeping. Many cat owners know stray and feral cats in their vicinity, but this knowledge has no influence on the spaying and neutering, identification, and registration status of their own cats and on their own cat keeping, e.g., with or without free access to the outdoors. Cat owners are afraid that stray and feral cats may transmit diseases to pet cats. The demographic parameters of the cat owners, e.g., their gender, age, and education level, significantly influenced their attitudes to keeping and caring for their own cat and controlling the cat population. Cat owners would accept the costs of legal requirements to spay or to neuter and to identify their own cat, and the majority would not relinquish their own cat to save the costs. To address the responsibility of cat owners is of utmost importance. It is necessary to spay or neuter and to identify free-roaming pet cats to prevent them from getting lost or pregnant. Each cat population management program’s success depends on cat owners being involved and convinced of its necessity.","PeriodicalId":7842,"journal":{"name":"Animal and Veterinary Sciences","volume":"91 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80375325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：