Pub Date : 2021-04-29DOI: 10.11648/J.AVS.20210902.12
Galana Abaya, A. Kebede, Kula Jilo
The objective of the current study was to assess the major reproductive health problems and associated risk factors of dairy cattle in and around Jimma town, South–Western Ethiopia in the current study; out of 343 cows investigated (28%) were found to be positive for at least one reproductive health problems. The major reproductive health problems identified in the current study were retained fetal membrane (8.75%), abortion (7%), dystocia (6.4%), vaginal prolapsed (2.2%), still birth (2.0%), anestrous (0.6%), prolonged calving (0.6%) and repeat breeding (0.6%). The association was statistically significant (p<0.05). The prevalence of major reproductive health problems were found to be 3.72 times higher in Kersa and 1.43 times higher in Dedo district than Jimma town, while in Agaro and Saka were 0.5 and 0.95 times lower than Jimma town and the difference was statistically significant (P =0.029). Furthermore, cross breed cows were 0.55 times less likely prone to reproductive health problems than local breeds and the difference statistically significant (P=0.01). The multi-parous cows were 1.4 times more vulnerable to reproductive health problems than primiparous (P=0.007). Body condition score was also significantly contributing to the presence of reproductive health problems (P=.011). Current study revealed that major reproductive health problems are responsible for the low reproductive performance of dairy cows in the study area. Therefore, creating awareness among farm owners and animal attendants concerning reproductive health problems and their prevention mechanisms, as well as further study on identifying the specific causative agents were recommended of reproductive health problems should be conducted.
{"title":"A Comparative Study on Prevalence of Major Reproductive Health Problems of Indigenous and Cross Breed Dairy Cattle in Jimma Zone, South Western Ethiopia","authors":"Galana Abaya, A. Kebede, Kula Jilo","doi":"10.11648/J.AVS.20210902.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.AVS.20210902.12","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of the current study was to assess the major reproductive health problems and associated risk factors of dairy cattle in and around Jimma town, South–Western Ethiopia in the current study; out of 343 cows investigated (28%) were found to be positive for at least one reproductive health problems. The major reproductive health problems identified in the current study were retained fetal membrane (8.75%), abortion (7%), dystocia (6.4%), vaginal prolapsed (2.2%), still birth (2.0%), anestrous (0.6%), prolonged calving (0.6%) and repeat breeding (0.6%). The association was statistically significant (p<0.05). The prevalence of major reproductive health problems were found to be 3.72 times higher in Kersa and 1.43 times higher in Dedo district than Jimma town, while in Agaro and Saka were 0.5 and 0.95 times lower than Jimma town and the difference was statistically significant (P =0.029). Furthermore, cross breed cows were 0.55 times less likely prone to reproductive health problems than local breeds and the difference statistically significant (P=0.01). The multi-parous cows were 1.4 times more vulnerable to reproductive health problems than primiparous (P=0.007). Body condition score was also significantly contributing to the presence of reproductive health problems (P=.011). Current study revealed that major reproductive health problems are responsible for the low reproductive performance of dairy cows in the study area. Therefore, creating awareness among farm owners and animal attendants concerning reproductive health problems and their prevention mechanisms, as well as further study on identifying the specific causative agents were recommended of reproductive health problems should be conducted.","PeriodicalId":7842,"journal":{"name":"Animal and Veterinary Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86762367","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-30DOI: 10.11648/J.AVS.20210902.11
T. Tadesse
This review paper is aimed to focus on feed resources with more emphasis on use of cassava and sweet potato meal in Chicken diet in Ethiopia. Poultry production has significant socioeconomic roles in developing countries like Ethiopia. Households keep chickens for home consumption, selling and breeding purposes and other purposes such as social and cultural purposes. The chicken farming in Ethiopia is predominantly backyard type of farming system and it is generally disadvantaged since the poor management. According to different research results, the commonly available sources of feeds for chickens includes cereal crops and their aftermaths and household waste products or left overs. Roots and tuber crops can be incorporated in different substitution levels in chickens’ diet. Sweet potato and cassava are among the root and tuber crops and can be incorporated in chickens’ diet. Substitution of sweet potato in broilers diet enhances feed consumption, growth performance and edible meat characteristics of chickens. Accordingly, addition of sweet potato meal in the ration of chicken causes no any impact on edible meat quality and it may possibly substitute up to 50% maize in broiler finisher ration without detrimentally upsetting production performance of chickens. Besides, the tuber meal of sweet potato can also be incorporated up to 25% in layers ration causing no damaging result on the performance of layer chickens. The tuber of cassava will be cut up and dried up, and milled or pelletized and incorporated in chickens’ diet and it can also be included in broilers diet and capable of substituting 50% maize in broilers ration with no adverse effect on their performances and addition of 40% cassava flour or addition of 20% cassava peel meal in layer’s ration is pleasing for laying performance of chickens.
{"title":"Review on Feed Resources with More Emphasis on Use of Cassava and Sweet Potato Meal in Chicken Diet: Ethiopia","authors":"T. Tadesse","doi":"10.11648/J.AVS.20210902.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.AVS.20210902.11","url":null,"abstract":"This review paper is aimed to focus on feed resources with more emphasis on use of cassava and sweet potato meal in Chicken diet in Ethiopia. Poultry production has significant socioeconomic roles in developing countries like Ethiopia. Households keep chickens for home consumption, selling and breeding purposes and other purposes such as social and cultural purposes. The chicken farming in Ethiopia is predominantly backyard type of farming system and it is generally disadvantaged since the poor management. According to different research results, the commonly available sources of feeds for chickens includes cereal crops and their aftermaths and household waste products or left overs. Roots and tuber crops can be incorporated in different substitution levels in chickens’ diet. Sweet potato and cassava are among the root and tuber crops and can be incorporated in chickens’ diet. Substitution of sweet potato in broilers diet enhances feed consumption, growth performance and edible meat characteristics of chickens. Accordingly, addition of sweet potato meal in the ration of chicken causes no any impact on edible meat quality and it may possibly substitute up to 50% maize in broiler finisher ration without detrimentally upsetting production performance of chickens. Besides, the tuber meal of sweet potato can also be incorporated up to 25% in layers ration causing no damaging result on the performance of layer chickens. The tuber of cassava will be cut up and dried up, and milled or pelletized and incorporated in chickens’ diet and it can also be included in broilers diet and capable of substituting 50% maize in broilers ration with no adverse effect on their performances and addition of 40% cassava flour or addition of 20% cassava peel meal in layer’s ration is pleasing for laying performance of chickens.","PeriodicalId":7842,"journal":{"name":"Animal and Veterinary Sciences","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85293964","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-26DOI: 10.11648/J.AVS.20210901.14
C. Phiny, K. Saroeun, Ros Vanchey
Eight castrated male crossbred pigs (Large White x Local breed) of average live weight 25 kg were given four diets in a double 4*4 Latin square arrangement. The experiment included 4 periods, each of 12 days, 7 days for adaptation and 5 days for collection of feces and urine. The pigs were vaccinated against salmonellosis, pasteurellosis and hog cholera. The experiment was carried out from 08th September 2020 to 20th November 2020, at the research station of Svay Rieng University (SRU), located in Svay Rieng Province, Cambodia. The total intakes of DM, CP and OM were higher in the treatments that contained rice wine by product (RW20) and rice wine by product plus fish meal (RW20FM10). As the percentages of CF, NDF and ADF were lower intakes of these fractions in the treatment without used the rice wine by product (RW0) or used rice by product plus fish meal (FM10). There were no consistent differences in apparent digestibility of DM, OM, CP and ADF, except CF and NDF among the diets. The values were relatively high for all the treatments contained rice wine by product while the basal diet of rice brain was mixed but except the values of CF and NDF. The apparent digestibility of DM, OM and CP increased when the diets were mixed with rice wine by product. The values for N retention, expressed as g/day or as a percentage of N intake or N digested, were highest for the diet with mixed rice wine by product with a tendency for the diet without mixed rice wine by product (FM10) to be also better than the diets without rice wine by product or fish meal (RW0). When the data for N retention were corrected for differences in N intake therefore the differences in N retention were more pronounced in favor of the diets containing rice wine by product (RW20 and RW20FM10) or without rice wine by product (FM10). The conclusion was the supplement of a mixture of the ensiled taro with rice wine by product in the diets contained RW20 and RW20FM10, were higher apparent digestibility of DM, CP, OM and CF, and higher N retention, than when supplement was only ensiled taro without rice wine by product (RW0) or fish meal (FM10), mixed with a basal diet of rice brain.
{"title":"Effect of the Ensiled Taro with Rice Wine by Product or Fish Meal Fed Basal Diet of Rice Bran on Digestibility and Nitrogen Retention of Growing Pigs","authors":"C. Phiny, K. Saroeun, Ros Vanchey","doi":"10.11648/J.AVS.20210901.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.AVS.20210901.14","url":null,"abstract":"Eight castrated male crossbred pigs (Large White x Local breed) of average live weight 25 kg were given four diets in a double 4*4 Latin square arrangement. The experiment included 4 periods, each of 12 days, 7 days for adaptation and 5 days for collection of feces and urine. The pigs were vaccinated against salmonellosis, pasteurellosis and hog cholera. The experiment was carried out from 08th September 2020 to 20th November 2020, at the research station of Svay Rieng University (SRU), located in Svay Rieng Province, Cambodia. The total intakes of DM, CP and OM were higher in the treatments that contained rice wine by product (RW20) and rice wine by product plus fish meal (RW20FM10). As the percentages of CF, NDF and ADF were lower intakes of these fractions in the treatment without used the rice wine by product (RW0) or used rice by product plus fish meal (FM10). There were no consistent differences in apparent digestibility of DM, OM, CP and ADF, except CF and NDF among the diets. The values were relatively high for all the treatments contained rice wine by product while the basal diet of rice brain was mixed but except the values of CF and NDF. The apparent digestibility of DM, OM and CP increased when the diets were mixed with rice wine by product. The values for N retention, expressed as g/day or as a percentage of N intake or N digested, were highest for the diet with mixed rice wine by product with a tendency for the diet without mixed rice wine by product (FM10) to be also better than the diets without rice wine by product or fish meal (RW0). When the data for N retention were corrected for differences in N intake therefore the differences in N retention were more pronounced in favor of the diets containing rice wine by product (RW20 and RW20FM10) or without rice wine by product (FM10). The conclusion was the supplement of a mixture of the ensiled taro with rice wine by product in the diets contained RW20 and RW20FM10, were higher apparent digestibility of DM, CP, OM and CF, and higher N retention, than when supplement was only ensiled taro without rice wine by product (RW0) or fish meal (FM10), mixed with a basal diet of rice brain.","PeriodicalId":7842,"journal":{"name":"Animal and Veterinary Sciences","volume":"27 1","pages":"24"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86455215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-17DOI: 10.11648/J.AVS.20210901.13
M. Chowdhury, A. Dhara, S. Dey, Anirvid Sarkar, S. Haldar, G. Tactacan
A 42-day trial was conducted to assess the effects of a dietary protease on growth performance and ileum population of selected bacteria in broiler chickens fed standard diets and diets deficient in crude protein and digestible amino acids (CP/AA, ~5%) or apparent metabolizable energy (AME, 50 kcal/kg) or both. Reducing CP/AA and AME negatively affected average daily weight gain (ADG, P < 0.05) and feed conversion ratio (FCR, P < 0.05). Dietary protease improved BW at 42-d (P = 0.021, linear effect) of birds fed both standard and nutrient deficient diets but improved FCR (P = 0.0002) was only observed when supplemented to the standard diet. Serum protein concentration was not affected by the level of CP/AA and AME but decreased linearly with the level of protease (P = 0.02). Numbers of Escherichia coli¸ Salmonella spp. and Clostridium perfringens increased (P = 0.0001) with the decrease of dietary CP/AA and AME. In contrast, the numbers of studied bacteria linearly decreased (P = 0.0001) with dietary protease level. Dietary protease was found to decrease the numbers of Clostridium perfringens (P = 0.0001) when supplemented to either low CP/AA or low AME diets. It can be concluded that protease supplementation sustained the harvesting biomass in the experimental birds fed lower nutrient density diets and decreased the numbers of resident bacteria in the hind gut, some of which might be potential pathogens. Hence, the study documented not only the nutrient sparing effects but also the extra-proteinaceous effect in terms of gut health of dietary protease in broiler chickens.
{"title":"Protease Complex Reduces Potentially Pathogenic Microbial Populations in the Ileum While Optimizing Performance of Broiler Chickens","authors":"M. Chowdhury, A. Dhara, S. Dey, Anirvid Sarkar, S. Haldar, G. Tactacan","doi":"10.11648/J.AVS.20210901.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.AVS.20210901.13","url":null,"abstract":"A 42-day trial was conducted to assess the effects of a dietary protease on growth performance and ileum population of selected bacteria in broiler chickens fed standard diets and diets deficient in crude protein and digestible amino acids (CP/AA, ~5%) or apparent metabolizable energy (AME, 50 kcal/kg) or both. Reducing CP/AA and AME negatively affected average daily weight gain (ADG, P < 0.05) and feed conversion ratio (FCR, P < 0.05). Dietary protease improved BW at 42-d (P = 0.021, linear effect) of birds fed both standard and nutrient deficient diets but improved FCR (P = 0.0002) was only observed when supplemented to the standard diet. Serum protein concentration was not affected by the level of CP/AA and AME but decreased linearly with the level of protease (P = 0.02). Numbers of Escherichia coli¸ Salmonella spp. and Clostridium perfringens increased (P = 0.0001) with the decrease of dietary CP/AA and AME. In contrast, the numbers of studied bacteria linearly decreased (P = 0.0001) with dietary protease level. Dietary protease was found to decrease the numbers of Clostridium perfringens (P = 0.0001) when supplemented to either low CP/AA or low AME diets. It can be concluded that protease supplementation sustained the harvesting biomass in the experimental birds fed lower nutrient density diets and decreased the numbers of resident bacteria in the hind gut, some of which might be potential pathogens. Hence, the study documented not only the nutrient sparing effects but also the extra-proteinaceous effect in terms of gut health of dietary protease in broiler chickens.","PeriodicalId":7842,"journal":{"name":"Animal and Veterinary Sciences","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80378128","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-30DOI: 10.11648/J.AVS.20210901.12
Tamrat Dinkale, T. Zewdu, M. Girma
This study was conducted to evaluate the forage production and farmers preference as livestock feed under farmer’s conditions in West Hararghe Zone of Oromia region, Ethiopia. Four improved Napier grass cultivars (ILRI cultivar number: 16801, 16800, 16798, and 16840) and local check were planted in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with six replications during the main cropping season of 2018/19. The dry matter (DM) yield, fresh biomass yield, plant height, leaf length and leaf-stem ratio and other agronomic data were measured at harvest. Farmers preference of the Napier grass cultivars as livestock feed was collected through visual and hand evaluation of the multiple ranking criteria of the cultivars based on phonological nature. The results shows that, ILRI cultivar no. 16800 was higher (P 3), as an indicator for livestock feed. From this study, it is concluded that Napier grass cultivars No. 16800, 16840 and 16801 were found promising in terms of agronomic traits, DM yield and fresh biomass yield than others during main rainy season (July to September) that needs further evaluation during dry season to demonstrated and popularized as an alternative feed resources under smallholder conditions in the study areas and other places of east and West Hararghe zones of Oromia region with similar climatic and edaphic conditions.
{"title":"Evaluation of Improved Napier Cultivars as Livestock Feed Under Farmers Conditions in West Hararghe Zone, Oromia Region, Ethiopia","authors":"Tamrat Dinkale, T. Zewdu, M. Girma","doi":"10.11648/J.AVS.20210901.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.AVS.20210901.12","url":null,"abstract":"This study was conducted to evaluate the forage production and farmers preference as livestock feed under farmer’s conditions in West Hararghe Zone of Oromia region, Ethiopia. Four improved Napier grass cultivars (ILRI cultivar number: 16801, 16800, 16798, and 16840) and local check were planted in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with six replications during the main cropping season of 2018/19. The dry matter (DM) yield, fresh biomass yield, plant height, leaf length and leaf-stem ratio and other agronomic data were measured at harvest. Farmers preference of the Napier grass cultivars as livestock feed was collected through visual and hand evaluation of the multiple ranking criteria of the cultivars based on phonological nature. The results shows that, ILRI cultivar no. 16800 was higher (P 3), as an indicator for livestock feed. From this study, it is concluded that Napier grass cultivars No. 16800, 16840 and 16801 were found promising in terms of agronomic traits, DM yield and fresh biomass yield than others during main rainy season (July to September) that needs further evaluation during dry season to demonstrated and popularized as an alternative feed resources under smallholder conditions in the study areas and other places of east and West Hararghe zones of Oromia region with similar climatic and edaphic conditions.","PeriodicalId":7842,"journal":{"name":"Animal and Veterinary Sciences","volume":"13 1","pages":"5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73275252","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-28DOI: 10.11648/J.AVS.20210901.11
Kubkomawa Hayatu Ibrahim
The study investigated the proximate composition of local salt licks (toka) in Adamawa State, Nigeria with a view to reveal the feeding value of the products and use as a substitute to the expensive conventional ones. Six novel mineral blocks from different sources (maize stover, maize comb and sorghum stover ) produced from Mubi-North and Madagali Local Government Areas were used for analysis. The proximate compositions of the samples were analyzed at the Clinical Biochemical Laboratory of Adamawa State University (ADSU) Mubi, Nigeria. Parameters determined include crude protein (CP), crude fiber (CF), ether extract (EE), ash (AS) and moisture content (MC). Local salt licks (toka) had low mean crude protein (CP) of 3.9%, crude fibre (CF) of 0.8%, ether extract (EE) of 1.1%, ash of 0.8% and moisture content of 15.6%. Irrespective of the low nutrient composition of novel mineral licks, they can be used to improve acceptability, palatability and mineral supplementation in livestock feeds. This showed that, with time and good awareness, livestock producers will opt for the products as source of mineral supplements since they are cheaper and readily available in the study area. This could also conveniently substitute the usually imported, highly expensive mineral licks used for livestock production in the state and Nigeria as a whole.
{"title":"Proximate Composition of Local Salt Licks (Toka) in Adamawa State, Nigeria","authors":"Kubkomawa Hayatu Ibrahim","doi":"10.11648/J.AVS.20210901.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.AVS.20210901.11","url":null,"abstract":"The study investigated the proximate composition of local salt licks (toka) in Adamawa State, Nigeria with a view to reveal the feeding value of the products and use as a substitute to the expensive conventional ones. Six novel mineral blocks from different sources (maize stover, maize comb and sorghum stover ) produced from Mubi-North and Madagali Local Government Areas were used for analysis. The proximate compositions of the samples were analyzed at the Clinical Biochemical Laboratory of Adamawa State University (ADSU) Mubi, Nigeria. Parameters determined include crude protein (CP), crude fiber (CF), ether extract (EE), ash (AS) and moisture content (MC). Local salt licks (toka) had low mean crude protein (CP) of 3.9%, crude fibre (CF) of 0.8%, ether extract (EE) of 1.1%, ash of 0.8% and moisture content of 15.6%. Irrespective of the low nutrient composition of novel mineral licks, they can be used to improve acceptability, palatability and mineral supplementation in livestock feeds. This showed that, with time and good awareness, livestock producers will opt for the products as source of mineral supplements since they are cheaper and readily available in the study area. This could also conveniently substitute the usually imported, highly expensive mineral licks used for livestock production in the state and Nigeria as a whole.","PeriodicalId":7842,"journal":{"name":"Animal and Veterinary Sciences","volume":"32 1","pages":"1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86401719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.11648/j.avs.20210905.14
A. Yousaf, R. Tabbasum, T. Awais, Asfa Sakhawat, Sakandar Khan, Abdul Latif Bhutto, R. Khalil, A. Sharif, M. Arshad, S. Baloch, Rehana Shahnawaz, Faiza S M Habib, S. Shaheen, A. Bachaya, M. Ramzan, Khalil-ur-Rahamn Ramzan, Ghurniq Zahra
: Toxoplasmosis is a zoonotic disease caused by a protozoan parasite Toxoplasma gondii. The goal of this study was to look into Toxoplasma (T.) gondii prevalence in goats. Toxoplasmosis was examined in n= 380 goats of both sexes, male n=80 and female n=300, aged 1-6 years, from Faisalabad district, Punjab province. A total of n = 202 goats out of n = 380 were seropositive, resulting in a 53.15% overall prevalence. The latex agglutination test was used to look for T. gondii antibodies in the obtained sera. This test was evaluated in animals as a toxoplasmosis screening serologic test. T. gondii was found to be more common in female goats 60% than in male goats 27.5% with statistical significance P<0.05. The prevalence of toxoplasmosis was highest 58.46% in Teddy goats and lowest 45.83% in Beetal goats, with statistical significance (P<0.05) in the association between different goat breeds and T. gondii. Toxoplasmosis had the highest prevalence 70.42% in the 5-6 years age group and the lowest prevalence 37.27% in the 1-2 years age group, indicating statistical significance (P<0.05). The parasite had the highest prevalence 65.60% in the body weight group of 51-60 kg and the lowest prevalence 32.25% in the body weight group of 20-30 kg with statistical significance (P<0.05) in the body weight group. The differences were considered statistically significant at P≤0.05.
{"title":"Prevalence of Toxoplasma Gondii in Domestic Breeds of Goats in Faisalabad, Punjab","authors":"A. Yousaf, R. Tabbasum, T. Awais, Asfa Sakhawat, Sakandar Khan, Abdul Latif Bhutto, R. Khalil, A. Sharif, M. Arshad, S. Baloch, Rehana Shahnawaz, Faiza S M Habib, S. Shaheen, A. Bachaya, M. Ramzan, Khalil-ur-Rahamn Ramzan, Ghurniq Zahra","doi":"10.11648/j.avs.20210905.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/j.avs.20210905.14","url":null,"abstract":": Toxoplasmosis is a zoonotic disease caused by a protozoan parasite Toxoplasma gondii. The goal of this study was to look into Toxoplasma (T.) gondii prevalence in goats. Toxoplasmosis was examined in n= 380 goats of both sexes, male n=80 and female n=300, aged 1-6 years, from Faisalabad district, Punjab province. A total of n = 202 goats out of n = 380 were seropositive, resulting in a 53.15% overall prevalence. The latex agglutination test was used to look for T. gondii antibodies in the obtained sera. This test was evaluated in animals as a toxoplasmosis screening serologic test. T. gondii was found to be more common in female goats 60% than in male goats 27.5% with statistical significance P<0.05. The prevalence of toxoplasmosis was highest 58.46% in Teddy goats and lowest 45.83% in Beetal goats, with statistical significance (P<0.05) in the association between different goat breeds and T. gondii. Toxoplasmosis had the highest prevalence 70.42% in the 5-6 years age group and the lowest prevalence 37.27% in the 1-2 years age group, indicating statistical significance (P<0.05). The parasite had the highest prevalence 65.60% in the body weight group of 51-60 kg and the lowest prevalence 32.25% in the body weight group of 20-30 kg with statistical significance (P<0.05) in the body weight group. The differences were considered statistically significant at P≤0.05.","PeriodicalId":7842,"journal":{"name":"Animal and Veterinary Sciences","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90428590","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.11648/j.avs.20210905.15
T. K., A. Y., Habtamu A.
: A cross-sectional and retrospective investigation was conducted from November, 2017 to April, 2018 with objective of assessing service coverage and constraints that were affecting Artificial Insemination (AI), success rate in Welmera District, special Zone of Oromiya Regional State. Semi-structured questionnaires were pretested and administered to 395 respondents that were composed of a group small-holder dairy farmers (n=384), animal health and production professionals (AHPPs) (n=8) and artificial inseminations technicians (AITs) (n=3). Additionally retrospective data from 2011 to 2017 was considered to evaluate the previous situation of AI services in study site. The survey result showed that from 384 interviewed farmers; majority of them 71.1%, (273) didn’t use AI, 18.8% (72) used both AI and natural breeding, while 10.2% (39) used solely AI services to breed their cows. The distribution of AI services between small-holders located in urban, per-urban and rural localities in the study area was 78.95%, 46.25% and 12.88% respectively, with statistically significant difference (p<0.05). Many farmers (273) solely depended on natural breeding than using artificial insemination due to lack of awareness (27.7%), unfitness of their dairy cows for AI breeding (26.4%), long distance from AI center (24.4%), insufficient capital (13.3%) and shortage of feed (8.1%) to keep dairy cows. The major constraints among AI users were shortage of inputs 7.1%, unavailability of AI technicians 13.4% and conception failure 50.9%. In Wolemera district many farmers 73.3% used to take their cows to AI station for services while 26.7% call-up to technicians to have them at their farm gate for AI services. Generally from this study it was concluded that AI service coverage was inadequate with unequal distributions between small-holders in urban, peri- urban and rural localities. Therefore, AI service in the district requires serious attention so that appropriate solutions be given to alleviate the prevailing constraints.
{"title":"Artificial Insemination: Coverage and Constraints in Central High Land of Ethiopia","authors":"T. K., A. Y., Habtamu A.","doi":"10.11648/j.avs.20210905.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/j.avs.20210905.15","url":null,"abstract":": A cross-sectional and retrospective investigation was conducted from November, 2017 to April, 2018 with objective of assessing service coverage and constraints that were affecting Artificial Insemination (AI), success rate in Welmera District, special Zone of Oromiya Regional State. Semi-structured questionnaires were pretested and administered to 395 respondents that were composed of a group small-holder dairy farmers (n=384), animal health and production professionals (AHPPs) (n=8) and artificial inseminations technicians (AITs) (n=3). Additionally retrospective data from 2011 to 2017 was considered to evaluate the previous situation of AI services in study site. The survey result showed that from 384 interviewed farmers; majority of them 71.1%, (273) didn’t use AI, 18.8% (72) used both AI and natural breeding, while 10.2% (39) used solely AI services to breed their cows. The distribution of AI services between small-holders located in urban, per-urban and rural localities in the study area was 78.95%, 46.25% and 12.88% respectively, with statistically significant difference (p<0.05). Many farmers (273) solely depended on natural breeding than using artificial insemination due to lack of awareness (27.7%), unfitness of their dairy cows for AI breeding (26.4%), long distance from AI center (24.4%), insufficient capital (13.3%) and shortage of feed (8.1%) to keep dairy cows. The major constraints among AI users were shortage of inputs 7.1%, unavailability of AI technicians 13.4% and conception failure 50.9%. In Wolemera district many farmers 73.3% used to take their cows to AI station for services while 26.7% call-up to technicians to have them at their farm gate for AI services. Generally from this study it was concluded that AI service coverage was inadequate with unequal distributions between small-holders in urban, peri- urban and rural localities. Therefore, AI service in the district requires serious attention so that appropriate solutions be given to alleviate the prevailing constraints.","PeriodicalId":7842,"journal":{"name":"Animal and Veterinary Sciences","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87205114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.11648/j.avs.20210906.15
Mahmud Emkay Sesay, Esther Marie Kanu, Victor Patrick Bagla, Prince Emmanuel Norman
{"title":"Prevalence of <i>Brucella abortus</i> in Cattle in the Njala and Newton Ranches of Sierra Leone Using Serological Analysis","authors":"Mahmud Emkay Sesay, Esther Marie Kanu, Victor Patrick Bagla, Prince Emmanuel Norman","doi":"10.11648/j.avs.20210906.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/j.avs.20210906.15","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7842,"journal":{"name":"Animal and Veterinary Sciences","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85255835","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.11648/j.avs.20210906.13
Pınar TATLI SEVEN, I. Seven, Seda İFLAZOĞLU MUTLU, Esra Nur Yildirim
{"title":"Silage Additives Usage in Improving Fermentation Quality of Alfalfa Silage: A Review","authors":"Pınar TATLI SEVEN, I. Seven, Seda İFLAZOĞLU MUTLU, Esra Nur Yildirim","doi":"10.11648/j.avs.20210906.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/j.avs.20210906.13","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7842,"journal":{"name":"Animal and Veterinary Sciences","volume":"103 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79420245","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：