Animal and Veterinary Sciences最新文献

{"title":"Comparative Evaluation of Horizontal and Vertical Frame Beehives at Adami Tulu Agricultural Research Center of Oromia, Ethiopia","authors":"T. Beyene, Mekonen Woldetsadik, Desta Abi","doi":"10.11648/j.avs.20221002.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/j.avs.20221002.13","url":null,"abstract":": The sole purpose of a hive is to encourage the bees to construct their nests in such a way that it is easy to manage and maintain them. The study was conducted at Adami Tulu Agricultural Research Center to evaluate the performances of honeybee colonies, honey yield and cost incurred in both horizontal beehives as compare to movable frame beehive. A total of 12 honeybee colonies ( Apis mellifera bandasii ) were established and assigned into four treatment groups. All the established honeybee colonies were managed in uniform manner until they are established properly and acquire uniform strength. Data on bee population, brood area, pollen and nectar stored areas were recorded using Liebefeld method (frame unit area, 10 x10 cm 2 ) at every 21 days. In addition, data on average honey yield per harvest/colony, production costs and profit were recorded for each treatment during the study period. All the recorded data were organized by Microsoft excel and analyzed using descriptive statistical analysis of variance ANOVA of SAS software version 20. Results revealed that there was statistically significant difference (p<0.05) between Tensheratach beehive, Modern beehive and Bacho beehive with regarding to honey yield. The highest mean honey yield per hive (24.81±3.24 kg/hive) was recorded from Tensheratach beehive followed by Modern beehive (21.51±2.36 kg/hive) and Bacho beehive (17.3±1.43 kg/hive). Significantly greatest adult bee population, brood area, pollen and nectar stored areas were also recorded from Tensharatech beehive compare to Modern beehive and Bacho beehive. The total costs of production and economic returns of Tensheratach beehive were higher than Modern beehive and Bacho beehive. From this study, it is possible to recommend that Tensheratach beehive can be used as an alternative beehive technology for honey production with full packages in addition to modern beehive.","PeriodicalId":7842,"journal":{"name":"Animal and Veterinary Sciences","volume":"89 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81481796","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Factors Associated with Plant Parasitic Nematode (PPN) Population: A Review","authors":"Belay Feyisa","doi":"10.11648/j.avs.20221002.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/j.avs.20221002.15","url":null,"abstract":": Meloidogyne spp., root-knot nematodes (RKNs), are sedentary endoparasites that harm practically every crop on the planet. The root knot nematode attacks a variety of vegetable crops, causing delayed maturity, lower yields and quality, high production costs, and, as a result, a loss of income. The number of Root Knot Nematodes fluctuates from time to time, which can be caused by changes in temperature, soil type, and soil moisture. However, because the damage displays indications of drought and nutrient stress, it is frequently disregarded and goes unrecognized by most farmers. They degrade product quality in addition to reducing crop output owing to disruption in the host plant's physiology. The lack of awareness among farmers about the issues caused by root knot nematodes, as well as poor management strategies to combat the threat is a serious impediment to the protection of vegetable crops. To increase farmer acceptance, management techniques should be implemented in accordance with integrated pest management (IPM) practices. Vegetable growers should also be informed about the dangers of root-knot nematodes. In general, the paper summarizes elements that influence root knot nematode population dynamics, the significance of root knot nematodes and their development, as well as the pathogen life cycle control","PeriodicalId":7842,"journal":{"name":"Animal and Veterinary Sciences","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90508686","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>In vitro</i> Effects of <i>Anogeissus leiocarpus</i> and <i>Adansonia digitata</i> on Two Life-cycle Stages of <i>Haemonchus contortus</i>, a Gastrointestinal Parasite of Small Ruminants","authors":"Julienne Kuiseu, Pascal Abiodoun Olounladé, Claude Gbemeho Houssoukpe, Tony Taofick Babalola Abiodoun Sounkere, Frejus Tanguy Ablo Zinsou, Basile Saka Boni Konmy, Christian Cocou Dansou, Ibikounlé Moudachirou, S. Babatoundé, Sylvie Mawule Hounzangbe-Adote, Patrick Aleodjrodo Edorh","doi":"10.11648/j.avs.20221001.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/j.avs.20221001.11","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7842,"journal":{"name":"Animal and Veterinary Sciences","volume":"68 6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75945005","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Status of Non-Ruminant Farm Animal Production in Uganda with Focus on Somalia: A Review","authors":"Ahmed Abi Abdi Warsame","doi":"10.11648/j.avs.20221001.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/j.avs.20221001.12","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7842,"journal":{"name":"Animal and Veterinary Sciences","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79325146","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence and Associated Risk Factors of Bovine Mastitis on Dairy Cattle in Mogadishu Somalia","authors":"Mohamed Ali Yusuf-Isleged","doi":"10.11648/j.avs.20221002.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/j.avs.20221002.12","url":null,"abstract":": Mastitis is one of the main problems that lead to economic inefficiency in dairy farms. In Somalia, the shortage of milk and milk products has many causes, however examination of sub-clinical mastitis and their prevalence has not been adequately addressed and no comprehensive research has been led on their epidemiology. Therefore this study was launched to assess the prevalence of mastitis in Mogadishu as well as identify the risk factors that are associated with mastitis occurrence. The study was cross sectional and took place between March 2019 to February 2020, to determine the prevalence and associated risk factors of mastitis on dairy cattle at Mogadishu, Somalia. The study conducted multistage sampling by first purposely selecting three districts from the 17 districts that comprises Mogadishu province. The area selection was based on the availability of dairy farms. Farms were also randomly selected by first listing farms in a piece of paper and selecting it from the bowel, while systematic selection was conducted at animal level by selecting every four animals for sampling and screening. In this study the overall prevalence found was 44.5% and quarter wise the prevalence was 19%. The present study revealed that the presence of mastitis among different age groups of the examined cattle had statistically significant difference in their prevalence (p<0.05), with the highest prevalence found in cattle 7 years and above of age with prevalence of (51.4%) compared to cattle <7 years of age (25.49 %). The study also revealed a statistically significant association between mastitis and stage of lactation of the cattle with animals with early stage of lactation having the highest prevalence (58.86%) compared to the cattle late stage of lactation with the (12.61%). Study also presented a significant association between prevalence of mastitis and production system was (p<0.005) which is higher in intensive systems with the (47.45%) and lower semi-intensive systems (31.4%). Presence of mastitis and hygienic level was also compared and a significant association was found (p<0.05). According to the breed, a significant difference was not found between the prevalence of exotic and local cattle (p>0.05) although exotic were found to have a slightly higher prevalence (47.33%) compared to local cattle (43.1%). Therefore this study recommended that the regular screening for early detection should be done at least once a week for monitoring udder health status of dairy animals.","PeriodicalId":7842,"journal":{"name":"Animal and Veterinary Sciences","volume":"49 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73945468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Review on Immunity to Fungal Infections in Animals","authors":"Dessie Abera","doi":"10.11648/j.avs.20221002.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/j.avs.20221002.11","url":null,"abstract":": The occurrence of mycosis is relatively uncommon in healthy and immunocompetent hosts. But now a days, the incidence of fungal infections are increasing and there is no effective vaccine for fungal infections in contrast to bacterial and viral diseases. And also, available antifungal drugs are not effective to treat infected animals. Understanding the immunity against fungal infections is of interest which can contribute more for therapeutic and vaccine development. Therefore, this review focuses on the immune components involved in clearing fungal pathogens. Disease outcome is a result of host-pathogen interactions. Immunity is the body’s resistance to infection. Innate and acquired immune systems are involved to eliminate animal fungal infections. Innate immunity is not specific. It is the first line of defense, with genetically encoded receptors that identify greatly conserved pathogen-associated molecular patterns. Physical barriers, phagocytic cells, chemotactic factors and natural killer cells are some of the innate defense mechanisms. Adaptive immunity is specific. Lymphocytes have a unique and specific antigen receptor. It can be a humoral or cellular type of immune system. In adaptive immunity, there is a development of immunological memory in the host after exposure to a pathogen. However, there are no effective vaccines and antifungal drugs. So it causes high morbidity and mortality in animals and fungal pathogens have become a significant clinical challenge, leading to a global threat to controlling fungal infections. Therefore, good management of animals and treating concurrent infections strengthens their immunity. Besides, promoting research into fungal infections to develop new diagnostics, anti-fungal drugs and vaccines are recommended.","PeriodicalId":7842,"journal":{"name":"Animal and Veterinary Sciences","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81197444","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Application of Climate Envelope Model in the Control of <i>Fasciola gigantica </i>Prevalence in Nigeria","authors":"I. Hamisu, Abdulmumin Garba Budah","doi":"10.11648/j.avs.20221002.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/j.avs.20221002.14","url":null,"abstract":": Mapping the potential areas for pathogen prevalence is a repetitive process and this research is an initial attempt to model the nation-wide prevalence of Fasciola gigantica in Nigeria. Data on Fasciola gigantica occurrence localities were obtained from published literature together with bioclimatic variables, the climate envelope model (MaxEnt) was utilized to analyze and predict its spatial range and to create suitable areas for Fasciola gigantica prevalence in Nigeria. The results show that the predicted areas of high risk included parts of northwestern Nigeria in Sokoto, Kebbi, Katsina, and some patches of Kano State. Likewise, Bauchi, Gombe, Borno, and large portions of Plateau State. Other areas of high risk as indicated by the model included Ekiti, Ogun, and Lagos State in the southwest. Similarly, infection risks covered the southeastern Nigeria in some parts of Rivers, Akwa Ibom and Cross rivers. The three most important variables with the highest training gain as revealed by the model are isothermality, minimum temperature of the coldest month, and precipitation seasonality. The performance of the MaxEnt model was better than a random prediction with training AUC scores of 0.891. This shows that MaxEnt is a suitable modelling technique for predicting the spatial range of fascioliasis prevalence in Nigeria based on its very good predictive accuracy.","PeriodicalId":7842,"journal":{"name":"Animal and Veterinary Sciences","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78819909","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of the Ensiled Taro with Rice Wine by Product or Fish Meal Fed Basal Diet of Rice Bran on Growth Performance of Growing Pigs","authors":"C. Phiny, K. Saroeun, Ros Vanchey, Tum Saravuth, Sin Putheasath","doi":"10.11648/J.AVS.20210905.16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.AVS.20210905.16","url":null,"abstract":"The experiment was conducted at the research station of Svay Rieng University (SRU) from 01st January 2021 to 30th April 2021, sited in NR 1, Sangkat Chek, Svay Rieng City, Svay Rieng Province, Cambodia. The aim of the study was to determine the effects of inclusion of the ensiled taro foliage with or without of rice wine by product fed a basal diet of rice bran on growth performance and feed conversion ratio of growing pigs. Eight crossbred pigs with average of body weight of 20kg were housed in individual pens and assigned into Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) within 4 treatments and 4 replications. The research consisted with four treatments were RW0, RW20, FM10 and RW20FM10. The pigs were weighed every 10 days until 120 days. The pigs were vaccinated against salmonellosis, pasteurellosis and hog cholera. Supplementation of the ensiled taro mixed with rice wine by product or rice wine by product plus fish meal fed basal diet of rice bran was increased the feed intake in dry matter (DM) and organic matter (OM) of the pigs but decreased the feed intakes in crude protein (CP). Final live weight and overall live weight gain in the pigs were higher increased, and feed conversion ratio was improved better as the ensiled taro was used to mixed with rice wine by product or rice wine by product plus fish meal fed basal diet of rice bran. The overall conclusion is that supplement of the ensiled taro mixed with rice wine by product or rice wine by product plus fish meal in the pigs was increased the feed intake and growth rate, and also better feed conversion, than the pigs were supplemented only the ensiled taro or fish meal fed basal diet of rice bran.","PeriodicalId":7842,"journal":{"name":"Animal and Veterinary Sciences","volume":"80 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82757588","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Detection of Brucella Abortus in Caprine and Ovine by Real-Time PCR Assay","authors":"Muhammad Bilawal Arain, Abdullah Babar, Muhammad Ibrahim Panhwar, Khush Hal, Muhammad Mubashir Farooq, Zainab Lanjar, A. Soomro, Saqib Ali Fazilani, M. N. Jan, Loveson Lakhani, A. Yousaf, Inayatullah Sarki, Rehana Shahnawaz, Mathan","doi":"10.11648/J.AVS.20210905.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.AVS.20210905.13","url":null,"abstract":"A molecular research was carried out in the areas of Lahore in order to confirm the existence of B. abortus antigen in Caprine and ovine by utilizing molecular techniques in this study. Small ruminants can be infected with B. abortus (the causative agent of bovine brucellosis), which complicates brucellosis control efforts because most brucellosis control programmes rely on immunological testing rather than genomic testing to determine the specific species circulating in ruminants. Now at this investigation, n = 1270 goat serum samples and n = 770 sheep serum samples were collected, respectively. After already being tested with the Rose Bengal test, all positive specimens were examined to the real-time PCR technique. RBT confirmed brucellosis prevalence of 21.43±0.37% and 18.11±0.12 in caprine and ovine respectively. Out of 230 positive goat samples, real-time PCR found B. abortus in 150 samples (65.21±0.51) in sheep and goats and 118 samples (71.51±0.21%) out of 165 seropositive sheep samples. Brucella abortus infection in small ruminants could be caused by a combination of factors including mixed farming of small and large ruminants, sharing of the same pasture, and the presence of reservoir hosts on a farm, all of which could be risk factors for Brucella species cross-infection in non-species hosts. It has been determined that B. abortus is the causative agent of caprine and ovine brucellosis in the country of Pakistan. Results of this study can be utilised to develop successful brucellosis eradication and control strategies in small ruminants, which can be applied to other animals.","PeriodicalId":7842,"journal":{"name":"Animal and Veterinary Sciences","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76642878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Cow Start Bolus Supplementation on Early Lactation Health and Performance Indicators in a Group of Older, At-Risk Dairy Cows","authors":"J. Lawlor, R. Reardon, Cathal O’ Sé, E. Neville, A. Fahey","doi":"10.11648/J.AVS.20210905.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.AVS.20210905.12","url":null,"abstract":"Whilst older cows can be some of the most profitable producers on the farm, as well as helping to reduce the environmental impact of dairy production and improving consumer perception of dairy farming, they can also be more prone to early lactation metabolic challenges and at higher risk of culling or death in early lactation. Research into nutritional supplementation strategies specifically to support older, at-risk herd members has not, to the author’s knowledge, been carried out and leaves a dearth of knowledge as to how best to support the successful transition of this valuable cohort of cows from gestation into peak lactation. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of supplementation with a combined calcium, magnesium and antioxidant bolus (Cow Start) on key early lactation health and performance indicators in a cohort of older, higher yielding dairy cows that may be expected to be at greater risk of developing key post-partum metabolic disorders. High yielding multiparous (n=38) cows averaging 4.7 lactations at calving were enrolled in this study and randomly assigned to either a control (CON, n=19) group or a Cow Start oral bolus supplemented (CSC, n=19) group. The CON group experienced a clinical milk fever (Blood Ca < 1.5 mM) incidence rate of 15.7% compared to 0% for the CSC group. Cows in the CSC group recorded a treatment effect of a significantly (P < 0.01) higher blood calcium status compared to CON. Energy Corrected Milk volumes showed a statistical trend of an increase (P < 0.10) from day 5 until day 60 of lactation for the CSC group (+1.8 kg/day) when compared to CON, also milk fat kg (P < 0.05) and combined fat and protein kg yields (P < 0.10) were increased in the CSC group when compared to the CON group. Results of this study suggest that supplementation of older at-risk cows with a combined calcium, magnesium and antioxidant (Cow Start) oral bolus can reduce the incidence rate of clinical milk fever and exposure to sub-clinical milk fever, whilst also improving blood calcium status and increasing milk production parameters in early lactation when compared to CON.","PeriodicalId":7842,"journal":{"name":"Animal and Veterinary Sciences","volume":"42 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86633863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}