Pub Date : 2021-09-16DOI: 10.11648/J.AVS.20210905.11
Găvan Constantin, R. Mihaela
Puerperal metritis affects dairy cows during the early postpartum (p.p.) period and causes fever, decrease in milk yield, dehydration, reduced rumen fill and activity, and a fetid watery reddish-brown vaginal discharge. The disease is severe and treatment is often required. The objectives of this study were: 1) to evaluate the association among abnormal calving (AC), parity, and season on the incidence of puerperal metritis (PM) during first 14 days p.p.; 2) to describe the rectal temperature (RT) of cows before and offer diagnosis of PM, and 3) to describe associations among PM, and reproductive performance in Holstein Friesian dairy cows. This study Holstein Friesian dairy cows. This study followed a retrospective observational study design in a research dairy herd, after implementation of a health protocol to identify lactating, cows with pp metritis. Cows were classified as cows with normal calving (NC) or abnormal calving (AC), as having PM or not having PM, and according RT at diagnosis: cows with PM without fever, cows with PM and fever and cows without PM. Cows with AC had greater odds of PM than cows with NC. Primiparous cows that calved during the warm season had lower adjusted odds ratio (AOR) of PM than during the cool season. Multiparous cows did not have seasonal effects on PM. There were not detected differences in first – service conception risk or cumulative pregnancy risk by 150 days p.p. between cows with or without PM. In the study the health protocol to identify cows with PM may have resulted in earlier diagnosis and treatment of cows with PM.
{"title":"The Incidence of Puerperal Metritis in Postpartum Holstein Friesian Dairy Cows","authors":"Găvan Constantin, R. Mihaela","doi":"10.11648/J.AVS.20210905.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.AVS.20210905.11","url":null,"abstract":"Puerperal metritis affects dairy cows during the early postpartum (p.p.) period and causes fever, decrease in milk yield, dehydration, reduced rumen fill and activity, and a fetid watery reddish-brown vaginal discharge. The disease is severe and treatment is often required. The objectives of this study were: 1) to evaluate the association among abnormal calving (AC), parity, and season on the incidence of puerperal metritis (PM) during first 14 days p.p.; 2) to describe the rectal temperature (RT) of cows before and offer diagnosis of PM, and 3) to describe associations among PM, and reproductive performance in Holstein Friesian dairy cows. This study Holstein Friesian dairy cows. This study followed a retrospective observational study design in a research dairy herd, after implementation of a health protocol to identify lactating, cows with pp metritis. Cows were classified as cows with normal calving (NC) or abnormal calving (AC), as having PM or not having PM, and according RT at diagnosis: cows with PM without fever, cows with PM and fever and cows without PM. Cows with AC had greater odds of PM than cows with NC. Primiparous cows that calved during the warm season had lower adjusted odds ratio (AOR) of PM than during the cool season. Multiparous cows did not have seasonal effects on PM. There were not detected differences in first – service conception risk or cumulative pregnancy risk by 150 days p.p. between cows with or without PM. In the study the health protocol to identify cows with PM may have resulted in earlier diagnosis and treatment of cows with PM.","PeriodicalId":7842,"journal":{"name":"Animal and Veterinary Sciences","volume":"50 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87988382","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-19DOI: 10.11648/J.AVS.20210904.15
Marthe Ndenge Hello, P. Kimpanga, P. Mutombo, P. Koné, Daniel Yassa Ndjakani, Vincent Bonkela, Parfait Ndongo, Blaise Makoso Nimi, Nkembi Nzuzi
Rabies is a viral zoonosis caused by several viruses of the Genus Lyss virus, including all mammals are sensitive. The disease is responsible for 55,000 deaths with a lethality of 100%, per year worldwide; between 2011 and 2012, it caused death in Asia (31,000 deaths), and (24,000 deaths) in Africa. An endemic zoonosis in the DRC especially in the province of central Congo (Matadi), causing 131 deaths including 14 between 2009 and 2011 An analytical (quantitative) study was conducted in the city of Matadi in Kongo Central in order to determine the predictive factors of level of knowledge, attitudes and practices of rabies, on a sample of 422 participants interviewed. The results show that the factors linked to the correct CAP level for rabies were as follows: male sex (OR = 3.068; p = 0.000); good knowledge of the clinical signs of rabies (OR = 6.467; p = 0.000); dog breeding (OR = 2.138; p = 0.001); and a good knowledge of means of prevention of rabies (OR = 6.217; p = 0.000); It is important to encourage the breeding of dogs in a tethered lifestyle, promote awareness and a health education program aimed at spreading the principles of rabies prevention and control in order to correct some common misconceptions in the population.
{"title":"Factors Predicting the Good Level of Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices of Heads of Household and Nursing Staff on Canine Rabies in the City of Matadi, DRC","authors":"Marthe Ndenge Hello, P. Kimpanga, P. Mutombo, P. Koné, Daniel Yassa Ndjakani, Vincent Bonkela, Parfait Ndongo, Blaise Makoso Nimi, Nkembi Nzuzi","doi":"10.11648/J.AVS.20210904.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.AVS.20210904.15","url":null,"abstract":"Rabies is a viral zoonosis caused by several viruses of the Genus Lyss virus, including all mammals are sensitive. The disease is responsible for 55,000 deaths with a lethality of 100%, per year worldwide; between 2011 and 2012, it caused death in Asia (31,000 deaths), and (24,000 deaths) in Africa. An endemic zoonosis in the DRC especially in the province of central Congo (Matadi), causing 131 deaths including 14 between 2009 and 2011 An analytical (quantitative) study was conducted in the city of Matadi in Kongo Central in order to determine the predictive factors of level of knowledge, attitudes and practices of rabies, on a sample of 422 participants interviewed. The results show that the factors linked to the correct CAP level for rabies were as follows: male sex (OR = 3.068; p = 0.000); good knowledge of the clinical signs of rabies (OR = 6.467; p = 0.000); dog breeding (OR = 2.138; p = 0.001); and a good knowledge of means of prevention of rabies (OR = 6.217; p = 0.000); It is important to encourage the breeding of dogs in a tethered lifestyle, promote awareness and a health education program aimed at spreading the principles of rabies prevention and control in order to correct some common misconceptions in the population.","PeriodicalId":7842,"journal":{"name":"Animal and Veterinary Sciences","volume":"66 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72621577","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-13DOI: 10.11648/J.AVS.20210904.14
Merga Daba, Misgana Naramo, G. Haile
Hookworm species are mainly an endo-parasite of cats and dogs and others animals including man. Next to roundworm (Ascaris suum) and whipworm (Trichuris trichuria) infections, hookworm infections ranked third in terms of disease load in humans. Among hookworms, Ancylostoma species are highly prevalent in various species of domestic and wild animals, including humans, and mostly found in Asia and tropical countries. People who live in poor resource countries are more vulnerable than in developed countries. Hookworms in children cause mental impairment that leads to cognitive impairment. Similarly, a disability-adjusted life year (DALY) occurs in hookworms, particularly Ancylostoma infects children due to physical impairment. In animals, hookworm may cause diarrhea, stunted growth, and anemia and even lead to death in young animals. Furthermore, Ancylostoma causes cutaneous larva migrans, eosinophilic enteritis, and anemia and finally may cause death in humans. As a result of urbanization, climate change, and land degradation, there are various Ancylostoma species which are newly emerging in animals. Currently, the Ancylostoma is a great concern both in humans and animals, particularly in resource poor countries. The Ancylostoma infection may require governmental and public attention. Therefore, a control and prevention strategy strongly requires integration between medical and veterinary communities to improve environmental and personal hygiene.
{"title":"Current Status of Ancylostoma Species in Domestic and Wild Animals and Their Zoonotic Implication: Review","authors":"Merga Daba, Misgana Naramo, G. Haile","doi":"10.11648/J.AVS.20210904.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.AVS.20210904.14","url":null,"abstract":"Hookworm species are mainly an endo-parasite of cats and dogs and others animals including man. Next to roundworm (Ascaris suum) and whipworm (Trichuris trichuria) infections, hookworm infections ranked third in terms of disease load in humans. Among hookworms, Ancylostoma species are highly prevalent in various species of domestic and wild animals, including humans, and mostly found in Asia and tropical countries. People who live in poor resource countries are more vulnerable than in developed countries. Hookworms in children cause mental impairment that leads to cognitive impairment. Similarly, a disability-adjusted life year (DALY) occurs in hookworms, particularly Ancylostoma infects children due to physical impairment. In animals, hookworm may cause diarrhea, stunted growth, and anemia and even lead to death in young animals. Furthermore, Ancylostoma causes cutaneous larva migrans, eosinophilic enteritis, and anemia and finally may cause death in humans. As a result of urbanization, climate change, and land degradation, there are various Ancylostoma species which are newly emerging in animals. Currently, the Ancylostoma is a great concern both in humans and animals, particularly in resource poor countries. The Ancylostoma infection may require governmental and public attention. Therefore, a control and prevention strategy strongly requires integration between medical and veterinary communities to improve environmental and personal hygiene.","PeriodicalId":7842,"journal":{"name":"Animal and Veterinary Sciences","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90111505","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-11DOI: 10.11648/J.AVS.20210904.12
D. Bekele, Tesfaye Mideksa
The study was conducted in Guto gida, Diga and Sibu sire districts of East Wollega, Bako tibe and Ilu galan district of West Shaw zones and on station in Bako agricultural research center with the objectives to assess constraints associated with hormonal assisting artificial insemination and to evaluate the response of Horro cattle (Bos indicus) cows after estrous synchronization. In this study, structured questioner was used and a total of 204 respondents (180 small holder dairy farmers, 8 animal health workers, 8 animal production professionals and 8 AI technicians were interviewed. Retrospective data from specified districts were also included to identify constraints associated with hormonal assisting artificial insemination in the study areas. The study indicated that most of the respondents (93.33%) were got information/ took training on the issue of mass estrous synchronization and AI services before the commencement of the program. However, most of the respondents (57.78%) had moderate knowledge on heat detection and only few (27.22%) of them can keep the record of their synchronized cows/heifers. The main restraints for the low success rate of on farm hormone assisted artificial insemination (estrus synchronization) were identified as failure of conception (42.22%), using poorly managed cows/heifers (15%), difficulty in heat detection by the farmers (13.89%), skill gap and unavailability of artificial insemination technicians (AITs) (12.78%) and poor hormonal responses (11.11%) and the assessment made on farm in comparison with observational test made on station indicated that there were minimum or very few problems with estrus synchronization since majority of cows hormonally treated were conceived as that of normally cycling animals. Therefore, to enhance the genetic potential of indigenous dairy cows through cross breeding scheme, revising of the existing hormone assisted estrus synchronization, artificial insemination delivery system, improving the ability of farmers and experts on the handling of frozen semen and management of dairy cows/heifers before and after hormonal synchronization should be due in place. Moreover, awareness creation should be done to change the attitude of farmers on hormone assisted estrus synchronization.
{"title":"Constraints Identification and on Station Evaluation of Hormonal Assisted Artificial Insemination on Reproductive Performance of Horro Cattle in Western Oromia, Ethiopia","authors":"D. Bekele, Tesfaye Mideksa","doi":"10.11648/J.AVS.20210904.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.AVS.20210904.12","url":null,"abstract":"The study was conducted in Guto gida, Diga and Sibu sire districts of East Wollega, Bako tibe and Ilu galan district of West Shaw zones and on station in Bako agricultural research center with the objectives to assess constraints associated with hormonal assisting artificial insemination and to evaluate the response of Horro cattle (Bos indicus) cows after estrous synchronization. In this study, structured questioner was used and a total of 204 respondents (180 small holder dairy farmers, 8 animal health workers, 8 animal production professionals and 8 AI technicians were interviewed. Retrospective data from specified districts were also included to identify constraints associated with hormonal assisting artificial insemination in the study areas. The study indicated that most of the respondents (93.33%) were got information/ took training on the issue of mass estrous synchronization and AI services before the commencement of the program. However, most of the respondents (57.78%) had moderate knowledge on heat detection and only few (27.22%) of them can keep the record of their synchronized cows/heifers. The main restraints for the low success rate of on farm hormone assisted artificial insemination (estrus synchronization) were identified as failure of conception (42.22%), using poorly managed cows/heifers (15%), difficulty in heat detection by the farmers (13.89%), skill gap and unavailability of artificial insemination technicians (AITs) (12.78%) and poor hormonal responses (11.11%) and the assessment made on farm in comparison with observational test made on station indicated that there were minimum or very few problems with estrus synchronization since majority of cows hormonally treated were conceived as that of normally cycling animals. Therefore, to enhance the genetic potential of indigenous dairy cows through cross breeding scheme, revising of the existing hormone assisted estrus synchronization, artificial insemination delivery system, improving the ability of farmers and experts on the handling of frozen semen and management of dairy cows/heifers before and after hormonal synchronization should be due in place. Moreover, awareness creation should be done to change the attitude of farmers on hormone assisted estrus synchronization.","PeriodicalId":7842,"journal":{"name":"Animal and Veterinary Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82731759","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Camel mange is an extremely pruritic and contagious disease of camel caused by a small parasite Sarcoptes scabiei var cameli. It is transmitted by direct or indirect contact, is one of the most important parasitic diseases affecting camel. Camel mange is economically important disease that hinders productivity and health of camel. In Borana pastoral area camel play a pivotal role in the livelihoods; however, there was no any study on the prevalence and risk factors associated with camel mange in Gomole district of Borana zone. Therefore, a cross sectional study was conducted between May to November 2021 to determine prevalence of camel mange mites and associated risk factors in Gomole district. a total of 384 animals were randomly selected and subjected to skin scrapings to recover mange from suspected lesions which was later on examined under microscope, out of the entire camels examined 96 (25%) camels were found positive for mange mite infestation. Only Sarcoptes scabiei var. cameli was identified as the only mite species in all skin scraping samples collected from the suspected mange mite lesions. Only body condition and herd size were shown statistically significant difference in prevalence of mange mites (P 0.05). This study indicates that camel papulations in Gomole woreda harbours mange mites which could hamper health and production status of the camels. Therefore, more emphasis should be given to improve the management system, further studies and control measures should be conducted to shrink the effect of mange mite infestation on camel husbandry.
骆驼疥疮是一种由骆驼疥螨(Sarcoptes scabiei var cameli)引起的骆驼瘙痒性传染病。它通过直接或间接接触传播，是影响骆驼的最重要的寄生虫病之一。骆驼口蹄疫是危害骆驼生产和健康的重要经济疾病。在博拉纳牧区，骆驼在生计中起着举足轻重的作用;然而，在Borana地区的Gomole地区，没有关于骆驼管理的流行情况和相关危险因素的研究。因此，在2021年5月至11月期间进行了一项横断面研究，以确定Gomole地区骆驼管理螨的流行情况和相关危险因素。随机选择384只动物，对其进行皮肤刮痧，以恢复疑似病变的疥癣，随后在显微镜下检查，在检查的全部骆驼中，96只(25%)骆驼被发现有疥癣螨感染。在疑似疥螨病变的所有皮肤刮拭标本中，仅有疥螨(Sarcoptes scabiei var. cameli)被鉴定为唯一螨种。只有体貌和畜群规模对管理螨的患病率有统计学意义(p0.05)。本研究表明，Gomole woreda港口的骆驼种群中存在螨虫，这可能会影响骆驼的健康和生产状况。因此，应重视管理制度的完善，进一步研究和采取防治措施，以缩小管理螨对骆驼养殖的影响。
{"title":"Prevalence of Camel Mange Mite and Associated Risk Factors in Gomole District, Borana Zone, Southern Ethiopia","authors":"Yohannis Teshome, Kula Jilo, Nura Kararsa, Zelalem Zegeye, Zemanay Guyo, Tura Duba","doi":"10.11648/J.AVS.20210904.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.AVS.20210904.11","url":null,"abstract":"Camel mange is an extremely pruritic and contagious disease of camel caused by a small parasite Sarcoptes scabiei var cameli. It is transmitted by direct or indirect contact, is one of the most important parasitic diseases affecting camel. Camel mange is economically important disease that hinders productivity and health of camel. In Borana pastoral area camel play a pivotal role in the livelihoods; however, there was no any study on the prevalence and risk factors associated with camel mange in Gomole district of Borana zone. Therefore, a cross sectional study was conducted between May to November 2021 to determine prevalence of camel mange mites and associated risk factors in Gomole district. a total of 384 animals were randomly selected and subjected to skin scrapings to recover mange from suspected lesions which was later on examined under microscope, out of the entire camels examined 96 (25%) camels were found positive for mange mite infestation. Only Sarcoptes scabiei var. cameli was identified as the only mite species in all skin scraping samples collected from the suspected mange mite lesions. Only body condition and herd size were shown statistically significant difference in prevalence of mange mites (P 0.05). This study indicates that camel papulations in Gomole woreda harbours mange mites which could hamper health and production status of the camels. Therefore, more emphasis should be given to improve the management system, further studies and control measures should be conducted to shrink the effect of mange mite infestation on camel husbandry.","PeriodicalId":7842,"journal":{"name":"Animal and Veterinary Sciences","volume":"43 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75727483","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-29DOI: 10.11648/J.AVS.20210903.16
H. Asgedom, Kuastros Mekonnen Belaynehe
Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis/infectious pustular vulvovaginitis (IBR/IPV) is a highly contagious viral disease of domestic and wild cattle causing high economic loss in cattle industry. The disease is caused by bovine herpes virus 1 (BoHV-1). BHV-1 is distributed worldwide including the exporting country Netherlands except it has been eradicated from Austria, Denmark, Finland, Sweden, Switzerland and Norway. To know the status of the disease in Ethiopia, 1430 sera samples were collected starting from January 3- 26, 2016 from four regions. However, samples are not yet processed. As part of the genetic improvement of the local breeds, the ministry of livestock and fishery of Ethiopia has already decided to import 120 bulls in March 2016 for semen production. Before the importation this bulls, an import risk assessment of IBR/IPB was conducted with the objective of assessing the risk of introduction of BHV1 to Ethiopia through the importation of infected bulls from Netherlands. Hence, hazard identification conclusion revealed the introduction of BHV1 or its abortifacient strains are regarded as potential hazards. Following the entry of infected bulls, the likelihood establishment and transmission of IBR to formerly imported breed and indigenous cattle was indicated to be high. The overall likelihood occurrence of IBR following the importation of infected bulls was assessed to be high. Potentially exotic strains of bovine herpes viruses would cause significant health impact in susceptible cattle including illness, abortion, stillbirth, neonatal death and calf mortality thereby leading to high economic losses in cattle industry. However there would little effect on people and environment. The overall level of consequence of IBR was assessed to be minor. In general, the overall risk of IBR occurrence following the importation of infected bull was estimated from moderate to high. However, this risk can be mitigated if bulls intended for importation are sourced from IBR/IPB free country and healthy check-up and detection capacity of infected animals at entry point of Ethiopia is intensified, the awareness of animal health workers and farm owners about IBR is raised with enhanced surveillance system and diagnostic capacity of the BHV1 in the importing country.
{"title":"Qualitative Risk Analysis of IBR Introduction to Ethiopia via the Legal Importation of Bulls from Netherlands","authors":"H. Asgedom, Kuastros Mekonnen Belaynehe","doi":"10.11648/J.AVS.20210903.16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.AVS.20210903.16","url":null,"abstract":"Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis/infectious pustular vulvovaginitis (IBR/IPV) is a highly contagious viral disease of domestic and wild cattle causing high economic loss in cattle industry. The disease is caused by bovine herpes virus 1 (BoHV-1). BHV-1 is distributed worldwide including the exporting country Netherlands except it has been eradicated from Austria, Denmark, Finland, Sweden, Switzerland and Norway. To know the status of the disease in Ethiopia, 1430 sera samples were collected starting from January 3- 26, 2016 from four regions. However, samples are not yet processed. As part of the genetic improvement of the local breeds, the ministry of livestock and fishery of Ethiopia has already decided to import 120 bulls in March 2016 for semen production. Before the importation this bulls, an import risk assessment of IBR/IPB was conducted with the objective of assessing the risk of introduction of BHV1 to Ethiopia through the importation of infected bulls from Netherlands. Hence, hazard identification conclusion revealed the introduction of BHV1 or its abortifacient strains are regarded as potential hazards. Following the entry of infected bulls, the likelihood establishment and transmission of IBR to formerly imported breed and indigenous cattle was indicated to be high. The overall likelihood occurrence of IBR following the importation of infected bulls was assessed to be high. Potentially exotic strains of bovine herpes viruses would cause significant health impact in susceptible cattle including illness, abortion, stillbirth, neonatal death and calf mortality thereby leading to high economic losses in cattle industry. However there would little effect on people and environment. The overall level of consequence of IBR was assessed to be minor. In general, the overall risk of IBR occurrence following the importation of infected bull was estimated from moderate to high. However, this risk can be mitigated if bulls intended for importation are sourced from IBR/IPB free country and healthy check-up and detection capacity of infected animals at entry point of Ethiopia is intensified, the awareness of animal health workers and farm owners about IBR is raised with enhanced surveillance system and diagnostic capacity of the BHV1 in the importing country.","PeriodicalId":7842,"journal":{"name":"Animal and Veterinary Sciences","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89809515","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-25DOI: 10.11648/J.AVS.20210903.15
I. Kovalskyi, V. Fedak, L. Kovalska, A. Druzhbiak, Y. Vovkun
Bees and their larvae are susceptible to various viral diseases, which leads to disruption of the bee family, and sometimes to its death. The Sacbrood virus is especially dangerous for the bee family. Sick families differ sharply in their condition and productivity from healthy ones, develop slowly in the spring, and grow little brood. Therefore, the aim of the study was to identify physiological changes in the intestines of mature uteruses affected by Sacbrood virus or SBV disease. Histological examinations supplemented the data on the pathogenesis of honey bees affected by Sacbrood virus. Data on physiological and morphological changes in the middle part of the intestine of fertile queens are presented. Histological examinations were performed in different parts of the midgut. In patients of queens, in comparison with clinically healthy ones, changes in the function of the pertrophic membrane were revealed. An increase in the length of the midgut fold in the anterior part of the intestine by 23% (p<0.001) was detected. Under the influence of pathogenicity of the virus there is an intensive proliferation of enterocytes in the middle part of the intestine. The defeat of the structural components of the mucosa is evidenced by the absence of a peretrophic membrane in the caudal direction of the midgut of diseased queens where necrotic lesions of the mucous membrane up to the basement membrane were detected.
{"title":"Structure of the Midgut of the Queen Bee Apis mellifera L. Naturally Infected with Sacbrood virus (SBV)","authors":"I. Kovalskyi, V. Fedak, L. Kovalska, A. Druzhbiak, Y. Vovkun","doi":"10.11648/J.AVS.20210903.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.AVS.20210903.15","url":null,"abstract":"Bees and their larvae are susceptible to various viral diseases, which leads to disruption of the bee family, and sometimes to its death. The Sacbrood virus is especially dangerous for the bee family. Sick families differ sharply in their condition and productivity from healthy ones, develop slowly in the spring, and grow little brood. Therefore, the aim of the study was to identify physiological changes in the intestines of mature uteruses affected by Sacbrood virus or SBV disease. Histological examinations supplemented the data on the pathogenesis of honey bees affected by Sacbrood virus. Data on physiological and morphological changes in the middle part of the intestine of fertile queens are presented. Histological examinations were performed in different parts of the midgut. In patients of queens, in comparison with clinically healthy ones, changes in the function of the pertrophic membrane were revealed. An increase in the length of the midgut fold in the anterior part of the intestine by 23% (p<0.001) was detected. Under the influence of pathogenicity of the virus there is an intensive proliferation of enterocytes in the middle part of the intestine. The defeat of the structural components of the mucosa is evidenced by the absence of a peretrophic membrane in the caudal direction of the midgut of diseased queens where necrotic lesions of the mucous membrane up to the basement membrane were detected.","PeriodicalId":7842,"journal":{"name":"Animal and Veterinary Sciences","volume":"36 1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87670022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-15DOI: 10.11648/J.AVS.20210903.14
Nebyou Moje, Alemayehu Gurmesa, Geda Regassa
A cross sectional study was conducted in small ruminants kept under extensive management system in and around Alage Agricultural Technical Vocational Educational and Training (ATVET) College from October to May, 2018/19. The objectives were set to estimate the prevalence and types of recovered parasites at genus level and assessment of their association with the animal risk factors. A total of 310 randomly collected fecal samples of small ruminants (206 goats and 104 sheep) were examined by simple floatation. In the study area, the overall prevalence of GIT nematodes in small ruminants was 79.68% (247/310). Species specific prevalence of GIT nematode was 78.2% (161/206) and 82.7% (86/104), goats and sheep, respectively. The result showed the existence of single as well as mixed parasitic infections. Accordingly, higher proportion of Haemonchus in sheep (33.72%) and Trichostrongylus in goats (31.1%) represent single infections while Haemonchus with Trichostrongylus in sheep (5.8%), and Trichostrongylus with Oesophagostomum in goats (4.35%) weremixed parasitic infections. Conversely, Bunostomum and Trichuris appeared to be the lowestin proportions in goats (3.73%) and sheep (2.33%) as a single infection whereas Haemonchus with Bunostomum in goats (0.62%) and Trichostrongylus with Bunostomum in sheep (1.2%), as mixed parasitic infections. Analysis of risk factors (species, age, sex and body condition score) revealed that only sex and BCS had significant association with occurrence of parasitic infection (p 0.05) for parasitic infection. In general, the occurrences of high prevalence of nematodes in the study area suggest that GI nematodes are major constraints for production and productivity of small ruminants. Therefore, application of strategic control measures is recommended to reduce the impact of nematodes in ruminants in the current area.
{"title":"Gastro-intestinal Tract Nematodes of Small Ruminants: Prevalence and Their Identification in and Around Alage, Southern Ethiopia","authors":"Nebyou Moje, Alemayehu Gurmesa, Geda Regassa","doi":"10.11648/J.AVS.20210903.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.AVS.20210903.14","url":null,"abstract":"A cross sectional study was conducted in small ruminants kept under extensive management system in and around Alage Agricultural Technical Vocational Educational and Training (ATVET) College from October to May, 2018/19. The objectives were set to estimate the prevalence and types of recovered parasites at genus level and assessment of their association with the animal risk factors. A total of 310 randomly collected fecal samples of small ruminants (206 goats and 104 sheep) were examined by simple floatation. In the study area, the overall prevalence of GIT nematodes in small ruminants was 79.68% (247/310). Species specific prevalence of GIT nematode was 78.2% (161/206) and 82.7% (86/104), goats and sheep, respectively. The result showed the existence of single as well as mixed parasitic infections. Accordingly, higher proportion of Haemonchus in sheep (33.72%) and Trichostrongylus in goats (31.1%) represent single infections while Haemonchus with Trichostrongylus in sheep (5.8%), and Trichostrongylus with Oesophagostomum in goats (4.35%) weremixed parasitic infections. Conversely, Bunostomum and Trichuris appeared to be the lowestin proportions in goats (3.73%) and sheep (2.33%) as a single infection whereas Haemonchus with Bunostomum in goats (0.62%) and Trichostrongylus with Bunostomum in sheep (1.2%), as mixed parasitic infections. Analysis of risk factors (species, age, sex and body condition score) revealed that only sex and BCS had significant association with occurrence of parasitic infection (p 0.05) for parasitic infection. In general, the occurrences of high prevalence of nematodes in the study area suggest that GI nematodes are major constraints for production and productivity of small ruminants. Therefore, application of strategic control measures is recommended to reduce the impact of nematodes in ruminants in the current area.","PeriodicalId":7842,"journal":{"name":"Animal and Veterinary Sciences","volume":"71 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86937281","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-03DOI: 10.11648/J.AVS.20210903.12
Hanna Katrin Stephan, Tina Hollandt, Sabine Oefner, S. Caron, J. Ballouard, S. Reese, Y. Zablotski, P. Koelle
Up to now, blood reference values for trace elements (zinc, copper, iodine, iron, selenium and manganese) in the serum of Testudo spp. have not been established. Most studies concerning trace element levels in blood of reptile’s regard environmental pollution esp. concerning selenium. In the present study levels of iron, copper, iodine, zinc, selenium and manganese were evaluated in 130 blood samples of clinically healthy Hermann´s Tortoises (Testudo hermanni), originating from pet tortoises in Germany (n= 64), extensively kept captive-hatched tortoises from Turkey (n=20), and from free-ranging specimens of two locations in France (n=46). The French habitats differ in the nature of the soils, one being low in lime and another high in lime. The levels of trace elements in the blood were compared between the different groups and to the levels of trace elements in the respective feed rations resp. food plants. The aim was to check the correlation between origin, husbandry, feeding and sex on the levels of trace elements in the blood. Blood levels of trace elements, regardless of origin, gender, or diet, generally showed a wide range. Also there existed a poor correlation to contents in diet concerning iron, selenium, and manganese, but a statistically significant correlation to zinc, copper and iodine. Preliminary reference values of zinc, iodine and copper can be a useful tool to diagnose nutrient deficiencies, poisoning and deficiency symptoms in Testudo hermanni.
{"title":"Trace Element Levels in the Serum of Hermann´s Tortoises (Testudo hermanni)","authors":"Hanna Katrin Stephan, Tina Hollandt, Sabine Oefner, S. Caron, J. Ballouard, S. Reese, Y. Zablotski, P. Koelle","doi":"10.11648/J.AVS.20210903.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.AVS.20210903.12","url":null,"abstract":"Up to now, blood reference values for trace elements (zinc, copper, iodine, iron, selenium and manganese) in the serum of Testudo spp. have not been established. Most studies concerning trace element levels in blood of reptile’s regard environmental pollution esp. concerning selenium. In the present study levels of iron, copper, iodine, zinc, selenium and manganese were evaluated in 130 blood samples of clinically healthy Hermann´s Tortoises (Testudo hermanni), originating from pet tortoises in Germany (n= 64), extensively kept captive-hatched tortoises from Turkey (n=20), and from free-ranging specimens of two locations in France (n=46). The French habitats differ in the nature of the soils, one being low in lime and another high in lime. The levels of trace elements in the blood were compared between the different groups and to the levels of trace elements in the respective feed rations resp. food plants. The aim was to check the correlation between origin, husbandry, feeding and sex on the levels of trace elements in the blood. Blood levels of trace elements, regardless of origin, gender, or diet, generally showed a wide range. Also there existed a poor correlation to contents in diet concerning iron, selenium, and manganese, but a statistically significant correlation to zinc, copper and iodine. Preliminary reference values of zinc, iodine and copper can be a useful tool to diagnose nutrient deficiencies, poisoning and deficiency symptoms in Testudo hermanni.","PeriodicalId":7842,"journal":{"name":"Animal and Veterinary Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83271835","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-31DOI: 10.11648/J.AVS.20210903.11
M. Darvish
In the planting system, very narrow row spacing with spacing of rows between 20 and 40 cm is considered. This planting method increases production. Experiments to study and compare the population thrips on 3 cluster variety and one check cultivar, using the method of narrow planting distance of 20 × 20 and 20 × 80 cm in the form of factorial design in the form of a randomized complete block design with 3 replications in Hashemabad cotton research station in Gorgan during the two years 2018-2019 was evaluated. Statistics of different stages of the thrips pest it was recorded weekly in the tested treatments and recorded in special tables. Based on studies the results of combined analysis of variance show that the yield in the cultivars tested in Sajedi® cultivar with a distance of 80 cm with an average yield of 1696 gr in the plot and Golestan® cultivar 80 cm with 1622.9 gr in the plot with the highest yield and T2® cultivar with a distance of 20 cm, 847.2 gr in plot had the lowest yield. Infestation rate of cluster cultivars tested in very narrow cultivation thrips population density in Golestan® cultivars with a distance of 80 cm and Sajedi® with a distance of 20 cm, 1.723 thrips per leaf with the most infestation and Golestan® cultivar with a distance of 20 cm, 1.388 thrips least infestation was measured in leaves. Therefore Golestan® cultivar with an average yield and thrips population infestation, the lowest cotton cultivation in agriculture ultra-narrow row 20 centimeters had in the cotton fields.
{"title":"Study on Population Fluctuation of Thrips tabaci (L.) on Cluster Cultivars in Ultra Narrow System in the Field’s Cotton Golestan Province of Iran","authors":"M. Darvish","doi":"10.11648/J.AVS.20210903.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.AVS.20210903.11","url":null,"abstract":"In the planting system, very narrow row spacing with spacing of rows between 20 and 40 cm is considered. This planting method increases production. Experiments to study and compare the population thrips on 3 cluster variety and one check cultivar, using the method of narrow planting distance of 20 × 20 and 20 × 80 cm in the form of factorial design in the form of a randomized complete block design with 3 replications in Hashemabad cotton research station in Gorgan during the two years 2018-2019 was evaluated. Statistics of different stages of the thrips pest it was recorded weekly in the tested treatments and recorded in special tables. Based on studies the results of combined analysis of variance show that the yield in the cultivars tested in Sajedi® cultivar with a distance of 80 cm with an average yield of 1696 gr in the plot and Golestan® cultivar 80 cm with 1622.9 gr in the plot with the highest yield and T2® cultivar with a distance of 20 cm, 847.2 gr in plot had the lowest yield. Infestation rate of cluster cultivars tested in very narrow cultivation thrips population density in Golestan® cultivars with a distance of 80 cm and Sajedi® with a distance of 20 cm, 1.723 thrips per leaf with the most infestation and Golestan® cultivar with a distance of 20 cm, 1.388 thrips least infestation was measured in leaves. Therefore Golestan® cultivar with an average yield and thrips population infestation, the lowest cotton cultivation in agriculture ultra-narrow row 20 centimeters had in the cotton fields.","PeriodicalId":7842,"journal":{"name":"Animal and Veterinary Sciences","volume":"89 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77221176","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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