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Epidemiological Profile of Urinary Tract Infections Observed at the Institut Pasteur in Bangui, Central African Republic 中非共和国班吉巴斯德研究所尿路感染的流行病学概况
Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.11648/j.ajbls.20221002.15
Alain Farra, Sylvanus Mogalama, Christian Diamant Mossoro-Kpinde, Gilles Ngaya, Jean Robert Mbecko, Hugues Sanke-Waïgana, A. Manirakiza
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引用次数: 0
Study of the Microbiological Quality of Groundwater in the Don Bosco District of Mimboman in the City of Yaoundé, Cameroon 喀麦隆yaound<s:1>市Mimboman Don Bosco区地下水微生物质量研究
Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.11648/j.ajbls.20221001.11
Bernadette Fokou Bomgning, Cédric Gueguim, Aurelle Yondo, Maeva Ngouoyou, A. Ragon, H. Gonsu Kamga
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引用次数: 0
Sanitary Status and Bio-monitoring of Surface Water Quality in the City of Maroua (Far North, Cameroon) 喀麦隆北部马鲁阿市地表水水质卫生状况及生物监测
Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.11648/j.ajbls.20221003.13
Tonmeu Douyong Chimene Sandrine, Nguepidjo Gilbert, Kapso Tchouankep Mireille, Ewodo Mboudou Guillaume
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引用次数: 0
The Analysis of Clinical Biological and Pathological Features in Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma 甲状腺乳头状癌临床生物学及病理特征分析
Pub Date : 2021-11-17 DOI: 10.11648/J.AJBLS.20210905.21
Ying Li, Yimin Su, Rongqin Dai, F. Zhou, Chao Shen, Zhongzhou Su, Guiqiang Yang
Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is one of the most common thyroid tumors in clinic. The incidence of papillary thyroid carcinoma is increasing year by year, especially in Cangzhou area, which brings great physical and mental pain to patients. Object: The understanding is further strengthened, and the level of diagnosis and treatment is improved, through the analysis of the biological and clinicopathological characteristics of papillary thyroid carcinoma. Method: Hospitalized cases with papillary thyroid carcinoma were collectedand biological and pathological characteristics were analyzed. Result: Among 110 cases of papillary thyroid carcinoma, 11 cases were male (10%), 99 cases were female (90%). There was no significant difference in invasiveness, lymph node metastasis, proportion of papillary microcarcinoma, number of lesions and involvement of glandular lobe, which were divided into groups according to different ages and different genders, (P>0.05). The average age of 46 cases with invasion was younger than that without invasion (P<0.001). There was less invasion and lymph node metastasis in papillary microcarcinoma (P<0.001). 16 cases of Hashimoto's thyroiditis were female, the average age of onset was higher, the difference was statistically significant (P<0.001) and TSH level was also higher than the patients without Hashimoto's thyroiditis (P<0.05). Conclusion: There was no significant difference in the clinicopathological characteristics of papillary thyroid carcinoma in different age groups and gender groups, but in the invasive study, the average age of patients with invasion was lower. Patients with papillary microcarcinoma are less likely to have invasion and lymph node metastasis. TSH levels are generally high in patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis.
甲状腺乳头状癌是临床上最常见的甲状腺肿瘤之一。甲状腺乳头状癌的发病率逐年上升,尤其是沧州地区,给患者带来极大的身心痛苦。目的:通过对甲状腺乳头状癌的生物学及临床病理特点的分析,进一步加强认识,提高诊治水平。方法:收集住院的甲状腺乳头状癌患者,分析其生物学和病理特征。结果:110例甲状腺乳头状癌中,男性11例(10%),女性99例(90%)。在浸润性、淋巴结转移、乳头状微癌比例、病变数及累及腺叶方面,按不同年龄、性别分组差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。有侵袭的46例患者平均年龄小于无侵袭的患者(P<0.001)。乳头状微癌侵袭及淋巴结转移较少(P<0.001)。16例桥本甲状腺炎患者为女性,平均发病年龄较高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.001), TSH水平也高于非桥本甲状腺炎患者(P<0.05)。结论:甲状腺乳头状癌的临床病理特征在不同年龄组和性别组间无显著差异,但在侵袭性研究中,侵袭性患者的平均年龄较低。乳头状微癌患者较少发生浸润和淋巴结转移。桥本甲状腺炎患者TSH水平普遍较高。
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引用次数: 0
Deep Learning Technology-based Model to Identify Benign and Pro-B Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL): Xception + LIME 基于深度学习技术的急性淋巴细胞白血病(ALL)识别模型:例外+ LIME
Pub Date : 2021-10-30 DOI: 10.11648/J.AJBLS.20210905.19
Nayeon Kim
Leukemia is a type of cancer that occurs when abnormal blood cells take place in the bone marrow. Leukemia can either be acute (fastly growing) or chronic (slowly growing) and it is considered as one of the most commonly diagnosed cancers for children younger than the age of 15 or adults older than the age of 55. Leukemia can be diagnosed through various types of tests and depending on the aggressiveness of the disease, the treatment may differ. To provide a low-cost, time-efficient solution, this study employs the deep learning technique to train the Xception, VGG16, VGG19, and MobileNet models to optimize the accuracy of medical image detection. Through medical imaging, the trained model is able to detect anomalies in the dataset and identify whether the given data is a benign acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) or a Pro-B ALL. Overall, this VGG16 showed the most optimal performance in terms of accuracy and precision, producing a 98.5% accuracy in detecting abnormal regions from the dataset. This study also further used XAI technique and a deep convolutional neural network to visualize the results of anomalies. As a result, this paper concluded that both deep learning and machine learning techniques are yet to replace human resources and intelligence as the heatmap and the LIME portrayal identified different regions as abnormal parts, therefore proving the inconsistency of deep learning technology.
白血病是一种因骨髓中出现异常血细胞而发生的癌症。白血病可以是急性(快速生长)或慢性(缓慢生长),它被认为是15岁以下儿童或55岁以上成年人最常诊断的癌症之一。白血病可以通过各种类型的测试来诊断,根据疾病的侵袭性,治疗可能会有所不同。为了提供一种低成本、高效的解决方案,本研究采用深度学习技术对Xception、VGG16、VGG19和MobileNet模型进行训练,以优化医学图像检测的准确性。通过医学成像,训练后的模型能够检测数据集中的异常情况,并确定给定数据是良性急性淋巴细胞白血病(ALL)还是Pro-B ALL。总体而言,该VGG16在准确性和精密度方面表现出最优的性能,从数据集中检测异常区域的准确率达到98.5%。本研究还进一步使用了XAI技术和深度卷积神经网络来可视化异常结果。因此,本文得出的结论是,深度学习和机器学习技术尚未取代人力资源和智能,因为热图和LIME的写照将不同的区域识别为异常部分,从而证明了深度学习技术的不一致性。
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引用次数: 0
Co-relation Between Perinatal Asphyxia with Hypoxic Ischemic Encephalopathy (PNA with HIE) and Blood Sugar Level 围生期缺氧缺血性脑病窒息与血糖水平的关系
Pub Date : 2021-10-28 DOI: 10.11648/J.AJBLS.20210905.17
A. Hakim, Mahmuder Rahman, M. Begum
Introduction: Perinatal asphyxia is one of the most common primary causes of mortality and morbidity among neonates. Perinatal asphyxia will result in neonatal hypoxia and tissue/organ injury. Objective: The aim of this study was to observe the Co-relation between Perinatal asphyxia with Hypoxic Ischemic Encephalopathy (PNA with HIE) and Blood sugar level. Methodology: This is a descriptive cross-sectional case study where a total of 182 neonates were admitted to the hospital with the problem of Perinatal asphyxia with Hypoxic Ischemic Encephalopathy and with some other associated problem. Result: Among the cases, 114 (62.6%) were Boys and 68 (37.45%) Girls. The mean age was 29.72 ± 78.42, Weight 2.77 ± .60, RBS 6.57 ± 7.38. Among the asphyxiated neonates blood sugar levels in arterial cord blood were significantly lower and had a negative (r=−0.195, P<0.01) correlation with the severity of birth asphyxia and different stages of HIE. Conclusion: Perinatal asphyxia can result in neonatal hypoxia and tissue/organ injury. A variety of maternal, obstetric, and neonatal conditions predispose the fetus and newborn to asphyxia, which can occur before, during, or after birth From our result, we can conclude that the relationship between Perinatal asphyxia and blood sugar level is significantly lower and negative.
围产期窒息是新生儿死亡和发病的最常见的主要原因之一。围产期窒息会导致新生儿缺氧和组织/器官损伤。目的:观察围生期窒息合并缺氧缺血性脑病(PNA合并HIE)与血糖水平的相关性。方法:这是一项描述性横断面病例研究,共182名新生儿因围产期窒息合并缺氧缺血性脑病和其他相关问题入院。结果:男114例(62.6%),女68例(37.45%)。平均年龄29.72±78.42,体重2.77±0.60,RBS 6.57±7.38。窒息新生儿动脉血脐带血血糖水平明显降低,与新生儿窒息严重程度及HIE不同阶段呈负相关(r= - 0.195, P<0.01)。结论:围产期窒息可导致新生儿缺氧和组织器官损伤。各种产妇、产科和新生儿条件使胎儿和新生儿易发生窒息,这种窒息可能发生在出生前、分娩中或分娩后。根据我们的研究结果,我们可以得出结论,围产期窒息与血糖水平之间的关系明显较低,呈负相关。
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引用次数: 1
Effectiveness and Tolerability of the ASAQ versus AL Association in Children 6-59 Months for the Treatment of Uncomplicated P. falciparum Malaria in Massakory (Chad) 乍得Massakory地区6-59月龄儿童无并发症恶性疟原虫ASAQ与AL相关性的疗效和耐受性比较
Pub Date : 2021-10-21 DOI: 10.11648/J.AJBLS.20210905.16
Mahamat Moussa Hassane Taïsso, I. Souleymane, Hamit Mahamat Alio, Mahamat Saleh Issakha Diar, Djiddi Ali Sougoudi, D. Mbanga, P. Ringwald, D. Honoré, Issa Ali Haggar, Hassoumi Manah, Hassan Ahmat Mihedi, N’garadoum Olivier, D. Koffi, O. Touré, D. Joseph
Background and Objective: Artemisinin-based combination therapies are the first-line antimalarial drugs used to treat uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria in many endemic countries worldwide. This study was conducted to assess the efficacy and tolerability of two fixed-dose formulations of artesunate-amodiaquine and artemether-lumefantrine for the treatment of Plasmodium falciparum malaria in Chad. Methodology and Results: A two-arm single cohort study was conducted assessing the efficacy artesunate-amodiaquine and artemether-lumefantrine for the treatment of children with uncomplicated falciparum malaria. This study was carried out from December 14, 2019 to March 14, 2020 at the Massakory I Health Center in Chad. Primary efficacy endpoint was day 28, parasitological cure rate. Secondary endpoints were parasite and fever clearance times and tolerability. A total of 113 patients were included, including 56 in the artesunate-amodiaquine arm and 57 in the artemether-lumefantrine arm. In intention to treat these patients, the Adequate Clinical and Parasitological Response on day 28 were 100% for the two groups. No early treatment failure was observed. The drugs were well tolerated and no serious adverse events were noted. Conclusion: Both forms of Artemisinin-based combination therapy were still effective and safe in the treatment of uncomplicated P. falciparum malaria in Chad. Further studies are warranted in different regions of Chad for monitoring of drug resistance.
背景与目的:以青蒿素为基础的联合疗法是世界上许多流行国家用于治疗无并发症恶性疟原虫疟疾的一线抗疟药物。本研究旨在评估两种固定剂量的复方青蒿琥酯-阿莫地喹和蒿甲醚-氨苯曲明治疗乍得恶性疟原虫疟疾的疗效和耐受性。方法和结果:进行了一项双组单队列研究,评估青蒿琥酯-阿莫地喹和蒿甲醚-氨苯曲明治疗儿童无并发症恶性疟疾的疗效。这项研究于2019年12月14日至2020年3月14日在乍得的Massakory I健康中心进行。主要疗效终点为第28天,寄生虫治愈率。次要终点是寄生虫和发热清除时间和耐受性。共纳入113例患者,其中56例在青蒿琥酯-阿莫地喹组,57例在蒿甲醚-氨苯曲明组。为了治疗这些患者,两组在第28天的充分临床和寄生虫学反应均为100%。未观察到早期治疗失败。药物耐受性良好,未发生严重不良反应。结论:两种以青蒿素为基础的联合治疗乍得无并发症恶性疟原虫疟疾仍是有效和安全的。有必要在乍得不同地区进行进一步研究,以监测耐药性。
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引用次数: 0
Growth Delay in Children: Experience of the Department of Metabolic and Endocrine Diseases at the Children's Hospital of Rabat 儿童生长迟缓:拉巴特儿童医院代谢和内分泌疾病科的经验
Pub Date : 2021-10-19 DOI: 10.11648/J.AJBLS.20210905.15
Touzani Asmae, Tahri Joutei Abderrafie, Joutei Abderrafie, Dami Abdellah, Balouch Lhousaine, Kriouile Yamna, Z. Imane, Gaouzi Ahmed
Objective: The aim of our study is to describe the epidemiological, clinical and biological aspects of staturo-ponderal delay and to deduce the main etiologies. Material and Methods: the study was carried out on 141 patients (78 boys and 63 girls). Patients ranged in age from 9 months to 17 years (mean: 9 years 1 month) with a statural delay that varied from -2DS to -5DS (mean: -2.5DS). Results: Analysis of the data showed a frequency of 13.5% of patients with severe growth retardation, 35% of whom had a growth hormone deficiency. The hormonal assessment showed a GH deficiency in 43% of patients with a greater difference in chronological age and bone age (2.5 years) than in non-deficient patients (2 years). Among them, 51% of patients have an elevated TSH. Magnetic resonance imaging performed in 37 cases was in favor of a pituitary anomaly in 12% of cases, including interruption of the pituitary stem (4% of cases), hypoplasia (3% of cases), an adenoma (1% of cases) and an empty sella turcica in 4% of cases. Conclusion: Severe central growth retardation is common. Systematic monitoring and follow-up of growth is essential in children, as is vaccination, in order to identify and manage early any causal pathology that may disrupt the child's growth.
目的:本研究的目的是描述血脂延迟的流行病学、临床和生物学方面,并推断其主要病因。材料与方法:141例患者(男78例,女63例)。患者年龄从9个月到17岁(平均9岁1个月),生理延迟从-2DS到-5DS(平均:-2.5DS)不等。结果:资料分析显示,13.5%的患者出现严重生长发育迟缓,其中35%的患者存在生长激素缺乏症。激素评估显示43%的患者存在生长激素缺乏,其实足年龄和骨龄(2.5岁)差异大于非缺乏患者(2岁)。其中,51%的患者TSH升高。37例磁共振成像显示垂体异常的病例占12%,包括垂体干中断(4%)、发育不全(3%)、腺瘤(1%)和蝶鞍空(4%)。结论:严重的中枢生长迟缓是常见的。对儿童生长进行系统监测和随访至关重要,接种疫苗也是如此,以便及早发现和处理可能破坏儿童生长的任何因果病理。
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引用次数: 0
Impact of a CMAM Intervention on Demand for Other Primary Health Care Services in Katsina State, Nigeria cmm干预对尼日利亚卡齐纳州其他初级卫生保健服务需求的影响
Pub Date : 2021-10-19 DOI: 10.11648/J.AJBLS.20210905.14
Azeez Afebu Oseni, Wale Falade
Malnutrition in both acute and chronic forms is a global issue responsible for as much as 50% of infant mortality worldwide. Acute malnutrition exists as both moderate and severe forms depending on factors such as access to nutritious meals and maternal care practices. Moderate Acute Malnutrition (MAM) can be easily treated and has lesser mortality impacts compared to Severe Acute Malnutrition (SAM). Community Management of Acute Malnutrition (CMAM) is a community-based approach to addressing SAM and MAM. In this study, the impact of a donor funded CMAM intervention delivered through primary healthcare (PHC) facilities in Katsina state, Nigeria is measured. Prior to this study, there was low utilization of these facilities due to the several factors such as transportation and communication problems, traditional conservatism, poor quality of services, and low literacy rates. A randomised sampling method was used to select and compare 5 CMAM and 5 non-CMAM facilities across the state. A test for significance for two independent groups (CMAM supported and non-CMAM supported sites) was also conducted for different categories of admissions such as antenatal care (ANC), outpatient department (OPD) and routine immunization (RI). From the result, it is concluded that the CMAM intervention increased the rate of patient access and use of PHCs within the state. The test of significance also shows significant differences between the admissions for OPD, ANC, and RI when compared to non-CMAM sites.
急性和慢性形式的营养不良是一个全球性问题,造成全世界多达50%的婴儿死亡率。急性营养不良有中度和严重两种形式,这取决于能否获得营养膳食和孕产妇保健做法等因素。中度急性营养不良(MAM)很容易治疗,与严重急性营养不良(SAM)相比,死亡率影响较小。急性营养不良社区管理(CMAM)是一种以社区为基础的解决急性营养不良和急性营养不良的方法。在本研究中,衡量了通过尼日利亚卡齐纳州初级卫生保健(PHC)设施提供的捐助者资助的cmm干预措施的影响。在此研究之前,由于交通和通讯问题、传统保守主义、服务质量差和识字率低等因素,这些设施的利用率很低。采用随机抽样的方法,在全州范围内选择和比较5个CMAM和5个非CMAM设施。还对产前护理(ANC)、门诊(OPD)和常规免疫(RI)等不同类别的入院进行了两个独立组(CMAM支持和非CMAM支持站点)的显著性检验。从结果中可以得出结论,cmm干预提高了该州患者访问和使用初级保健中心的比率。显著性检验还显示,与非cmm站点相比,OPD、ANC和RI的入院率存在显著差异。
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引用次数: 0
The Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor’s Expression in Gastric Cancer and Progress in Prognostic Research 血管内皮生长因子在胃癌中的表达及预后研究进展
Pub Date : 2021-09-30 DOI: 10.11648/J.AJBLS.20210905.13
Li Hongyan, Zhan Shuli, Hou Jianzhang
Gastric cancer (GC) is not only one of the common gastrointestinal malignancies in clinic, but also the most common cancer in the world. In recent years, its morbidity has increased. The global morbidity and mortality of gastric cancer rank fifth among all malignancies. The morbidity and mortality of gastric cancer in our country ranks second among malignant tumors, which is twice as high as the world average. In rural, the number is 1.6 times of in urban. The early diagnosis of most gastric cancers is rare in majority of patients, and most of them are in intermediate or advanced stage when they are in treatment. The proportion of radical surgery is not high, and it is easy to relapse and metastasize. The 5-year survival rate is about 40%, and the treatment effect is poor, which is severely harmful to people’s health. Although the pathogenesis of gastric cancer is related to many factors, the nosogenesis is vague. The occurrence of tumors is closely related to the formation of new blood vessels. New blood vessels are the internal conditions for tumor cell proliferation and metastasis. The factors that promoting angiogenesis include more than 10 kinds of fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) and vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGF), among which VEGF is the most important regulator that promotes angiogenesis. By promoting the mitosis of vascular endothelial cells, it forms an essential matrix for the growth of vascular endothelial cells, plays a crucial regulatory role in the process of tumor angiogenesis, and participates in the occurrence and development of a variety of tumor cells. This article summarizes the research progress on the vascular endothelial growth factor’s expression in gastric cancer and prognostics follows.
胃癌是临床上常见的胃肠道恶性肿瘤之一,也是世界上最常见的恶性肿瘤之一。近年来,其发病率有所上升。胃癌的发病率和死亡率在全球所有恶性肿瘤中排名第五。我国胃癌的发病率和死亡率居恶性肿瘤第二位,是世界平均水平的两倍。在农村,这一数字是城市的1.6倍。胃癌的早期诊断在大多数患者中是罕见的,大多数患者在治疗时已处于中晚期。根治性手术比例不高,易复发、转移。5年生存率约为40%,治疗效果差,严重危害人们的健康。胃癌的发病与多种因素有关,但其致病机制尚不明确。肿瘤的发生与新生血管的形成密切相关。新生血管是肿瘤细胞增殖和转移的内在条件。促进血管生成的因子包括10多种成纤维细胞生长因子(fibroblast growth factors, FGFs)和血管内皮生长因子(vascular endothelial growth factors, VEGF),其中VEGF是促进血管生成最重要的调节因子。它通过促进血管内皮细胞的有丝分裂,形成血管内皮细胞生长必需的基质,在肿瘤血管生成过程中起着至关重要的调节作用,参与多种肿瘤细胞的发生和发展。本文就血管内皮生长因子在胃癌中的表达及其预后的研究进展作一综述。
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引用次数: 0
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