Pub Date : 2020-08-25DOI: 10.11648/j.ajbls.20200804.17
Rongqin Dai, Jinbiao Zhang, Wei Li, Xiang-Feng Lu, W. Tian
Objective: To assess the relationship between thyroid function and T lymphocyte subsets in Patients with Hashimoto's Thyroiditis. Method: To select 131 diagnosed HT patients as the research object, which is divided into HT hyperthyroidism group (Group A) with 18 cases, normal HT thyroid function group (Group B) with 35 cases, HT subclinical hypothyroidism group (Group C) with 42 cases, and HT hypothyroidism group (Group D) with 36 cases in accordance with thyroid function. Besides, 40 cases of healthy check-up people are selected as the control group. ECLIA is adopted to test the thyroid function index of each group, and FCM is adopted to test T lymphocyte subsets. Result: Compare CD3+T lymphocytes of each group, Group D is obviously higher than Group A, Group B, and the control group, and the difference has statistic significance (P<0.05); Compare CD3+CD4+T lymphocyte and CD4+/CD8+ of each group, Group D is obviously higher than other groups, Group C is obviously higher than Group A, Group B, and the control group, Group A and Group B are obviously higher than the control group, and the differences have statistic significance (P<0.05); Compare CD3+CD8+T lymphocytes of each group, Group D is obviously lower than other groups, Group C is obviously lower than Group A, Group B, and the control group, the difference has statistic significance (P<0.05). The correlation analysis shows that TSH is in positive correlation with CD4+/CD8+, FT3 is in positive correlation with CD3+CD8+T, and FT4 is in positive correlation with CD3+CD8+T and in negative correlation with CD4+/CD8+. Conclusion: HT patients have the imbalance of T lymphocyte subsets, and the T lymphocyte subsets ratio of HT patients of different thyroid function has obvious differences, which may have close relationship with the occurrence and development of HT.
{"title":"The Relationship Between Thyroid Function and T Lymphocyte Subsets in Patients with Hashimoto's Thyroiditis","authors":"Rongqin Dai, Jinbiao Zhang, Wei Li, Xiang-Feng Lu, W. Tian","doi":"10.11648/j.ajbls.20200804.17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajbls.20200804.17","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To assess the relationship between thyroid function and T lymphocyte subsets in Patients with Hashimoto's Thyroiditis. Method: To select 131 diagnosed HT patients as the research object, which is divided into HT hyperthyroidism group (Group A) with 18 cases, normal HT thyroid function group (Group B) with 35 cases, HT subclinical hypothyroidism group (Group C) with 42 cases, and HT hypothyroidism group (Group D) with 36 cases in accordance with thyroid function. Besides, 40 cases of healthy check-up people are selected as the control group. ECLIA is adopted to test the thyroid function index of each group, and FCM is adopted to test T lymphocyte subsets. Result: Compare CD3+T lymphocytes of each group, Group D is obviously higher than Group A, Group B, and the control group, and the difference has statistic significance (P<0.05); Compare CD3+CD4+T lymphocyte and CD4+/CD8+ of each group, Group D is obviously higher than other groups, Group C is obviously higher than Group A, Group B, and the control group, Group A and Group B are obviously higher than the control group, and the differences have statistic significance (P<0.05); Compare CD3+CD8+T lymphocytes of each group, Group D is obviously lower than other groups, Group C is obviously lower than Group A, Group B, and the control group, the difference has statistic significance (P<0.05). The correlation analysis shows that TSH is in positive correlation with CD4+/CD8+, FT3 is in positive correlation with CD3+CD8+T, and FT4 is in positive correlation with CD3+CD8+T and in negative correlation with CD4+/CD8+. Conclusion: HT patients have the imbalance of T lymphocyte subsets, and the T lymphocyte subsets ratio of HT patients of different thyroid function has obvious differences, which may have close relationship with the occurrence and development of HT.","PeriodicalId":7857,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Biomedical and Life Sciences","volume":"33 1","pages":"114"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73999137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-08-25DOI: 10.11648/j.ajbls.20200804.16
M. Dere, Ayesha Khan
Flavonoids are a versatile class of natural polyphenolic compounds that represent secondary metabolites from higher plants. Their basic structures consists of fifteen-carbon skeleton consisting of two benzene rings (A and B) linked via a heterocyclic pyrane ring (C) to produce a series of subclass compounds such as flavones, flavonols, flavanones, isoflavones, flavanols or catechins and anthocyanins. Their biological activities are dependent on the structure, chemical nature and degree of hydroxylation, substitutions, conjugation and degree of polymerization. A brief description of flavonoids, its source and classification have been described. Although flavonoids are integral in nutraceutical, pharmaceutical, medicinal, cosmetic and other applications their bioavailability to the target tissues and cells are restricted due to poor water solubility and enzymatic degradation. To increase effectiveness, currently encapsulation of the drug candidate in biological material that are able to enhance the potential health benefits by increasing the water solubility and targeted delivery are being achieved. Biodegradable natural, synthetic and semi-synthetic material/ polymers approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for use in the preparation of nanodrugs as well as the applied encapsulation technique are discussed that prevent against oxidation, isomerization and degradation of the flavanoids. The aim of this review is to identify specific flavonoids that exhibit increased pharmacological and biological efficiencies on encapsulation. Thus, these potential drugs may help in preventing many chronic diseases and lead to future research directions.
{"title":"Potentials of Encapsulated Flavonoids in Biologics: A Review","authors":"M. Dere, Ayesha Khan","doi":"10.11648/j.ajbls.20200804.16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajbls.20200804.16","url":null,"abstract":"Flavonoids are a versatile class of natural polyphenolic compounds that represent secondary metabolites from higher plants. Their basic structures consists of fifteen-carbon skeleton consisting of two benzene rings (A and B) linked via a heterocyclic pyrane ring (C) to produce a series of subclass compounds such as flavones, flavonols, flavanones, isoflavones, flavanols or catechins and anthocyanins. Their biological activities are dependent on the structure, chemical nature and degree of hydroxylation, substitutions, conjugation and degree of polymerization. A brief description of flavonoids, its source and classification have been described. Although flavonoids are integral in nutraceutical, pharmaceutical, medicinal, cosmetic and other applications their bioavailability to the target tissues and cells are restricted due to poor water solubility and enzymatic degradation. To increase effectiveness, currently encapsulation of the drug candidate in biological material that are able to enhance the potential health benefits by increasing the water solubility and targeted delivery are being achieved. Biodegradable natural, synthetic and semi-synthetic material/ polymers approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for use in the preparation of nanodrugs as well as the applied encapsulation technique are discussed that prevent against oxidation, isomerization and degradation of the flavanoids. The aim of this review is to identify specific flavonoids that exhibit increased pharmacological and biological efficiencies on encapsulation. Thus, these potential drugs may help in preventing many chronic diseases and lead to future research directions.","PeriodicalId":7857,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Biomedical and Life Sciences","volume":"52 1","pages":"97"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79194464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-08-04DOI: 10.11648/j.ajbls.20200804.15
Asadur Rahman, K. Tarafder, M. Matin, K. Alam
Introduction: Anigo-fibroma is vascular swelling arising in the nasopharynx of prepubertal and adolescent males and exhibiting strong tendency to bleed, also termed as nasopharyngeal fibroma or a nasopharyngeal angiofibroma. It accounts for less than 0.5% of all head & neck tumour. It occurs almost exclusively in adolescent male, though rarely found in children and elderly young. It is a rare <1% of head and neck tumors benign mesenchymal neoplasm composed of a vascular proliferation within a cellular, densely collagenizedstroma, typically originating in the nasopharynx, affecting adolescent males. It occurs most often in male adolescents with an average age at diagnosis of 14-16 years. Anyway, there are very few studies, regarding Juvenile Nasopharyngeal Angiofibroma in Bangladrsh and there is not much national data about this issue. Hence, the researcher purposively a total of 30 patients of juvenile nasophryngeal angiofibroma (JNA) included in this study from ENT department of Shaheed Ziaur Rahman Medical College, Bogura, Bangladesh. The aim of this study was to find out the common mode of clinical presentation with their site of extension and different surgical approaches adopted for them. Methods & Materials: This prospective observational study was conducted in the Department of otolaryngology and head, neck surgery of Shaheed Ziaur Rahman Medical College, Bogura, Bangladesh, which is the 2nd generation tertiary level medical service institution during the period from Jan 2017 to Dec 2019. All data were analyzed by using simple statistical data analyzed tools. Result: Almost all the present with recurrent epistaxis 28 (93.33%), following by nasal obstruction 26 (86.66%), nasal discharge 25 (83.33%), facial swelling 10 (33.33%), protrusion of the eyeball 4 (13.33%), aural symptoms 3 (10%) and head-ache 2 (6.66%). Majority of our patient presented with multiple symptoms. Analysis of the finding showed that 100% had nasopharyngeal mass, nasal mass 86.66% palatal bulging 66.66%, swelling of the cheek 33.33%, proptosis 13.33% and headache with blurring of vision 6.66%, these are obtained after thorough clinical examination both local and general. Extension of the tumour assessed on the basis C scan, MRI, as well as observation on the operation showed, nasal cavity 100% and into the pterygopalantine fossa 40%, infratemporal fossa 33.33%, orbit 13.33%, oropharynx 10% maxillary antrum 6.66%, sphenoid sinus 3.33%, ethmoidal sinus 3.33% and 6.66% infra oranial extension. Regarding treatment surgical resection was the most common principal mode of treatment offered to the 93.33% patient but radiotherapy given in 6.66% patient. Conclusion: All young males of this study with nasal obstruction or nose bleed (or both) should be suspected of having juvenile angiofibroma. Angiography to find out feeding vessel to do pre-operative embolization is helpful for surgery. This together with hypotensive anaesthesia and operated by a skilled surgeon having sound kn
{"title":"Clinico-Pathological Study of Juvenile Nasopharyngeal Angiofibroma","authors":"Asadur Rahman, K. Tarafder, M. Matin, K. Alam","doi":"10.11648/j.ajbls.20200804.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajbls.20200804.15","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Anigo-fibroma is vascular swelling arising in the nasopharynx of prepubertal and adolescent males and exhibiting strong tendency to bleed, also termed as nasopharyngeal fibroma or a nasopharyngeal angiofibroma. It accounts for less than 0.5% of all head & neck tumour. It occurs almost exclusively in adolescent male, though rarely found in children and elderly young. It is a rare <1% of head and neck tumors benign mesenchymal neoplasm composed of a vascular proliferation within a cellular, densely collagenizedstroma, typically originating in the nasopharynx, affecting adolescent males. It occurs most often in male adolescents with an average age at diagnosis of 14-16 years. Anyway, there are very few studies, regarding Juvenile Nasopharyngeal Angiofibroma in Bangladrsh and there is not much national data about this issue. Hence, the researcher purposively a total of 30 patients of juvenile nasophryngeal angiofibroma (JNA) included in this study from ENT department of Shaheed Ziaur Rahman Medical College, Bogura, Bangladesh. The aim of this study was to find out the common mode of clinical presentation with their site of extension and different surgical approaches adopted for them. Methods & Materials: This prospective observational study was conducted in the Department of otolaryngology and head, neck surgery of Shaheed Ziaur Rahman Medical College, Bogura, Bangladesh, which is the 2nd generation tertiary level medical service institution during the period from Jan 2017 to Dec 2019. All data were analyzed by using simple statistical data analyzed tools. Result: Almost all the present with recurrent epistaxis 28 (93.33%), following by nasal obstruction 26 (86.66%), nasal discharge 25 (83.33%), facial swelling 10 (33.33%), protrusion of the eyeball 4 (13.33%), aural symptoms 3 (10%) and head-ache 2 (6.66%). Majority of our patient presented with multiple symptoms. Analysis of the finding showed that 100% had nasopharyngeal mass, nasal mass 86.66% palatal bulging 66.66%, swelling of the cheek 33.33%, proptosis 13.33% and headache with blurring of vision 6.66%, these are obtained after thorough clinical examination both local and general. Extension of the tumour assessed on the basis C scan, MRI, as well as observation on the operation showed, nasal cavity 100% and into the pterygopalantine fossa 40%, infratemporal fossa 33.33%, orbit 13.33%, oropharynx 10% maxillary antrum 6.66%, sphenoid sinus 3.33%, ethmoidal sinus 3.33% and 6.66% infra oranial extension. Regarding treatment surgical resection was the most common principal mode of treatment offered to the 93.33% patient but radiotherapy given in 6.66% patient. Conclusion: All young males of this study with nasal obstruction or nose bleed (or both) should be suspected of having juvenile angiofibroma. Angiography to find out feeding vessel to do pre-operative embolization is helpful for surgery. This together with hypotensive anaesthesia and operated by a skilled surgeon having sound kn","PeriodicalId":7857,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Biomedical and Life Sciences","volume":"15 1","pages":"91"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80446401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-24DOI: 10.11648/j.ajbls.20200804.14
Jing Feng, Z. Mu, Xinsheng Li, Zhenjiang Hou
As being one of the most common diseases in autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD), Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) is an organ-specific autoimmune disease. It is mostly related to genetics, infection, and excessive iodine, but the exact pathogenesis has not yet clear. As one of the most important immune cells, T cells play an important role in the human immune. Helper T cells (Th) and regulatory T cells (Treg) are two important subgroups of T cells. The former include Th1, Th2, Th17 and other cells. HT patients is mainly characterized by expressing Th1 cytokines. The imbalance of Th1/Th2 ratio can induce abnormal immune response, which is closely related to the incidence of HT. Th17/Treg cells are mutually restricted in differentiation and mutually antagonistic in function. IL-17 secreted by Th17 cells directly promotes the inflammatory response of thyroid tissue and accelerates the damage of thyroid tissue. Abnormal Treg cell function cannot effectively inhibit the occurrence of autoimmune reactions and promote immune tolerance. Th17/Treg constitute a relatively independent group of cell networks except Th1/Th2. Under normal circumstances, Th1/Th2 and Th17/Treg cells maintain a dynamic balance. However, once unbalanced, they will lead to immune dysfunction and participate in the development of HT. This article reviews the mechanisms of Th1/Th2 and Th17/Treg cells and their cytokines in the pathogenesis of HT.
{"title":"Research on the Mechanism of T Cell Subsets and Cytokines in Hashimoto's Thyroiditis","authors":"Jing Feng, Z. Mu, Xinsheng Li, Zhenjiang Hou","doi":"10.11648/j.ajbls.20200804.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajbls.20200804.14","url":null,"abstract":"As being one of the most common diseases in autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD), Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) is an organ-specific autoimmune disease. It is mostly related to genetics, infection, and excessive iodine, but the exact pathogenesis has not yet clear. As one of the most important immune cells, T cells play an important role in the human immune. Helper T cells (Th) and regulatory T cells (Treg) are two important subgroups of T cells. The former include Th1, Th2, Th17 and other cells. HT patients is mainly characterized by expressing Th1 cytokines. The imbalance of Th1/Th2 ratio can induce abnormal immune response, which is closely related to the incidence of HT. Th17/Treg cells are mutually restricted in differentiation and mutually antagonistic in function. IL-17 secreted by Th17 cells directly promotes the inflammatory response of thyroid tissue and accelerates the damage of thyroid tissue. Abnormal Treg cell function cannot effectively inhibit the occurrence of autoimmune reactions and promote immune tolerance. Th17/Treg constitute a relatively independent group of cell networks except Th1/Th2. Under normal circumstances, Th1/Th2 and Th17/Treg cells maintain a dynamic balance. However, once unbalanced, they will lead to immune dysfunction and participate in the development of HT. This article reviews the mechanisms of Th1/Th2 and Th17/Treg cells and their cytokines in the pathogenesis of HT.","PeriodicalId":7857,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Biomedical and Life Sciences","volume":"42 1","pages":"83"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85822152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-07DOI: 10.11648/j.ajbls.20200804.13
Umme Shahera, N. Sultana, Mahbuba Sharmin, Jayanta Malakar, M. Islam, Kazi Mohammed Zafrul Haq
A large number of patient developed pneumonia of unknown cause in the capital city Wuhan of Hubei province in China during the month of Dec 2019, with clinical presentations greatly resembling viral pneumonia while some rapidly progressed to severe illness and fatal outcome. International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) named the virus severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and WHO officially named the disease COVID-19. World Health Organization (WHO) on January 30 declared the outbreak as a public health emergency of international concern due to rapid global spread. On 11 February 2020, WHO announced that "COVID-19" (meaning coronavirus disease-2019) will be the official name of the disease. This report reviews the genetic structure, infection source, transmission route, pathogenesis, clinical characteristics, and treatment and prevention of the SARS-CoV-2, so that it can provide references for follow-up research, prevention and treatment, and may help readers to have the latest understanding of this new infectious disease. Information have been gathered mainly from relevant researches and papers that were published recently. For this narrative review, more than 49 relevant scientific articles and reports were considered from various databases (e.g., Google Scholar, PubMed and Science Direct) using keywords such as SARS-CoV-2; COVID-19; corona virus; pneumonia; respiratory infection. The results from this review show that the situation is rapidly evolving, as human-to-human transmission is occurring, and the number of new cases and mortalities is increasing by the day and on a global level. There is still ambiguity about mutation risks and how the virus spreads as the source was not yet identified. Major gaps in knowledge about the origin of the virus, epidemiology and transmission impose a great challenge, which emphasizes the need for further studies in the future. There are neither vaccines nor effective treatments for the disease caused by the virus, but efforts are typically confined to symptomatic and supportive management. Antiviral and corticosteroids were used in severe illness but had no effective outcome.
{"title":"A Comprehensive Literature Review on the Pandemic Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): Bangladesh Is Fighting Against It","authors":"Umme Shahera, N. Sultana, Mahbuba Sharmin, Jayanta Malakar, M. Islam, Kazi Mohammed Zafrul Haq","doi":"10.11648/j.ajbls.20200804.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajbls.20200804.13","url":null,"abstract":"A large number of patient developed pneumonia of unknown cause in the capital city Wuhan of Hubei province in China during the month of Dec 2019, with clinical presentations greatly resembling viral pneumonia while some rapidly progressed to severe illness and fatal outcome. International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) named the virus severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and WHO officially named the disease COVID-19. World Health Organization (WHO) on January 30 declared the outbreak as a public health emergency of international concern due to rapid global spread. On 11 February 2020, WHO announced that \"COVID-19\" (meaning coronavirus disease-2019) will be the official name of the disease. This report reviews the genetic structure, infection source, transmission route, pathogenesis, clinical characteristics, and treatment and prevention of the SARS-CoV-2, so that it can provide references for follow-up research, prevention and treatment, and may help readers to have the latest understanding of this new infectious disease. Information have been gathered mainly from relevant researches and papers that were published recently. For this narrative review, more than 49 relevant scientific articles and reports were considered from various databases (e.g., Google Scholar, PubMed and Science Direct) using keywords such as SARS-CoV-2; COVID-19; corona virus; pneumonia; respiratory infection. The results from this review show that the situation is rapidly evolving, as human-to-human transmission is occurring, and the number of new cases and mortalities is increasing by the day and on a global level. There is still ambiguity about mutation risks and how the virus spreads as the source was not yet identified. Major gaps in knowledge about the origin of the virus, epidemiology and transmission impose a great challenge, which emphasizes the need for further studies in the future. There are neither vaccines nor effective treatments for the disease caused by the virus, but efforts are typically confined to symptomatic and supportive management. Antiviral and corticosteroids were used in severe illness but had no effective outcome.","PeriodicalId":7857,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Biomedical and Life Sciences","volume":"36 1","pages":"76"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82972207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-20DOI: 10.11648/j.ajbls.20200804.12
E. Doe, G. Kwakye-Nuako, A. Egyir-Yawson
Background: Vector incrimination is of utmost importance in the transmission of Leishmania species identified in the Volta region of Ghana. The feeding preference of sand flies provides valuable information about the vector-host interactions, including reservoir host. Objective: The main aim of this study was to identify the blood meal in collected sand flies and its source from three villages in a cutaneous leishmaniasis endemic area in the Ho Municipality. Method: Sand flies was collected using CDC light straps and sticky paper traps from Lume Atsiame, Dodome Dogblome and Dodome Awuiasu. They were morphologically identified by taxonomic keys. DNA was extracted from the individual sand flies using the potassium acetate extraction method. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of cytochrome b gene (cyt b) fragment was carried out and subsequently DNA sequenced. Results: Of a total of three hundred and sixty-three (363) female sand flies that were analysed, eighty-four (84) representing 23.14% were positive for blood meal presence with an amplified DNA of the expected size, 359bp. Out of the number that was sequenced, the cyt b sequencing revealed that four (4) blood fed females fed on bloodmeal from human (Homo sapiens) and house mouse (Mus musculus). Conclusion: The blood meal presence was more predominant in Sergentomyia ghesquierei and least in Sergentomyia schwetzi. This may aid in the development of effective strategies to control cutaneous leishmaniasis in the endemic areas.
{"title":"Identification of Blood Meal of Sand Flies in a Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Endemic Area, Volta Region-Ghana","authors":"E. Doe, G. Kwakye-Nuako, A. Egyir-Yawson","doi":"10.11648/j.ajbls.20200804.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajbls.20200804.12","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Vector incrimination is of utmost importance in the transmission of Leishmania species identified in the Volta region of Ghana. The feeding preference of sand flies provides valuable information about the vector-host interactions, including reservoir host. Objective: The main aim of this study was to identify the blood meal in collected sand flies and its source from three villages in a cutaneous leishmaniasis endemic area in the Ho Municipality. Method: Sand flies was collected using CDC light straps and sticky paper traps from Lume Atsiame, Dodome Dogblome and Dodome Awuiasu. They were morphologically identified by taxonomic keys. DNA was extracted from the individual sand flies using the potassium acetate extraction method. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of cytochrome b gene (cyt b) fragment was carried out and subsequently DNA sequenced. Results: Of a total of three hundred and sixty-three (363) female sand flies that were analysed, eighty-four (84) representing 23.14% were positive for blood meal presence with an amplified DNA of the expected size, 359bp. Out of the number that was sequenced, the cyt b sequencing revealed that four (4) blood fed females fed on bloodmeal from human (Homo sapiens) and house mouse (Mus musculus). Conclusion: The blood meal presence was more predominant in Sergentomyia ghesquierei and least in Sergentomyia schwetzi. This may aid in the development of effective strategies to control cutaneous leishmaniasis in the endemic areas.","PeriodicalId":7857,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Biomedical and Life Sciences","volume":"23 1","pages":"69"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78675696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-10DOI: 10.11648/j.ajbls.20200804.11
Garba Ibrahim, Umar Asiya Imam, Ganau Ahmed Mohammed, Raji Mudasiru Iyanda Omowale, Fana Sani Abdullahi, Shinkafi Sa’adatu Aliyu, K. Ademola
Malaria is a serious public health problem, this study was aimed at comparing Microscopy and Rapid Diagnostics test in malaria parasite detection in patients in some hospitals in Sokoto, Nigeria. Blood Samples were collected by venipuncture and dispensed into EDTA bottle. Thick blood films were made by adding few drops of anticoagulated blood on a clean glass slides and emulsifying to coin size using a spreader and allowed to air-dry and stained with 10% Geimsa stain for 10 minutes, allowed to air-dry and examined using ×100 objective to confirm the presence of malaria parasites. Of the 100 patients screened, 37% and 24% were positive for malaria using Carestart and SD-Bioline, while 53% were malaria positive by microscopy. Prevalence of malaria parasite by sex was 53.6% and 52.3% in females and males. Malaria prevalence by age was highest among patients aged 11-20, while the lowest prevalence was observed in patients aged 51-60 years. Based on occupation, the prevalence of malaria was highest among unemployed patients 58.5%, followed by 22.6% prevalence of malaria among business men and women. No significant difference was observed in malaria infection by sex, age and occupations P<0.05. The sensitivity and specificity of Carestart and SD-Bioline screening kits were 54.7% and 82.6%, 34.6 and 87.2%. The predictive positive value of Carestart was 78.4% while its negative predictive value was 61.3% in contrast to SD-Bioline with 75% and 54.7% as the positive predictive value and negative predictive value. Rapid diagnostic test are suitable alternatives to microscopy particularly in resources limited rural areas.
{"title":"Comparison Between Microscopic and Rapid Test Assay in the Detection of Malaria Parasite Infection in Patient Attending Some Hospitals in Sokoto Nigeria","authors":"Garba Ibrahim, Umar Asiya Imam, Ganau Ahmed Mohammed, Raji Mudasiru Iyanda Omowale, Fana Sani Abdullahi, Shinkafi Sa’adatu Aliyu, K. Ademola","doi":"10.11648/j.ajbls.20200804.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajbls.20200804.11","url":null,"abstract":"Malaria is a serious public health problem, this study was aimed at comparing Microscopy and Rapid Diagnostics test in malaria parasite detection in patients in some hospitals in Sokoto, Nigeria. Blood Samples were collected by venipuncture and dispensed into EDTA bottle. Thick blood films were made by adding few drops of anticoagulated blood on a clean glass slides and emulsifying to coin size using a spreader and allowed to air-dry and stained with 10% Geimsa stain for 10 minutes, allowed to air-dry and examined using ×100 objective to confirm the presence of malaria parasites. Of the 100 patients screened, 37% and 24% were positive for malaria using Carestart and SD-Bioline, while 53% were malaria positive by microscopy. Prevalence of malaria parasite by sex was 53.6% and 52.3% in females and males. Malaria prevalence by age was highest among patients aged 11-20, while the lowest prevalence was observed in patients aged 51-60 years. Based on occupation, the prevalence of malaria was highest among unemployed patients 58.5%, followed by 22.6% prevalence of malaria among business men and women. No significant difference was observed in malaria infection by sex, age and occupations P<0.05. The sensitivity and specificity of Carestart and SD-Bioline screening kits were 54.7% and 82.6%, 34.6 and 87.2%. The predictive positive value of Carestart was 78.4% while its negative predictive value was 61.3% in contrast to SD-Bioline with 75% and 54.7% as the positive predictive value and negative predictive value. Rapid diagnostic test are suitable alternatives to microscopy particularly in resources limited rural areas.","PeriodicalId":7857,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Biomedical and Life Sciences","volume":"68 1","pages":"64"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88739276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-05DOI: 10.11648/J.AJBLS.20200803.13
Roba Jiso Wako, Guyo Demise Ano, Asrat Guja Amejo
This was a comprehensive review of camel (Camelus dromedaries) milk and the contribution of its products for the household and medicinal values. The aim was to make meta-analysis about the potentials of camel milk products; for better understanding of the role of camel milk and milk products, in household diet and therapeutic advancements. The review was summarized that the milk compositions of dairy animals have been widely studied throughout the world and thousands of references are available especially about milk consumed by humans. The cow milk, which represents 85% of the milk consumed in the world and to a lesser extent, goat and sheep milk. The studies on other dairy animals, for instance, camel is rather scarce, despite their nutritional value and contribution to food security in arid regions. Camel milk is a good source of protein and referred to as whole food. It has enough nutrients to sustain life and is often given to babies suffering from malnutrition for poor pastoralists and other human-related disease treatments. The camel milk is considered as the Insulin' of the future: which the milk has a high concentration of insulin that has positive effects on the immunity, the diabetics in different countries highly depend on the camel milk. Therefore, further study would be required on the natural dynamics, substance, and antimicrobial action of camel milk and the concerned stakeholders should give attention to improve the camel milk utilization by developing a long-term strategy.
{"title":"The Role of Camel Milk and Milk Products, in Household Diet and Therapeutic Advancement: A Review","authors":"Roba Jiso Wako, Guyo Demise Ano, Asrat Guja Amejo","doi":"10.11648/J.AJBLS.20200803.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.AJBLS.20200803.13","url":null,"abstract":"This was a comprehensive review of camel (Camelus dromedaries) milk and the contribution of its products for the household and medicinal values. The aim was to make meta-analysis about the potentials of camel milk products; for better understanding of the role of camel milk and milk products, in household diet and therapeutic advancements. The review was summarized that the milk compositions of dairy animals have been widely studied throughout the world and thousands of references are available especially about milk consumed by humans. The cow milk, which represents 85% of the milk consumed in the world and to a lesser extent, goat and sheep milk. The studies on other dairy animals, for instance, camel is rather scarce, despite their nutritional value and contribution to food security in arid regions. Camel milk is a good source of protein and referred to as whole food. It has enough nutrients to sustain life and is often given to babies suffering from malnutrition for poor pastoralists and other human-related disease treatments. The camel milk is considered as the Insulin' of the future: which the milk has a high concentration of insulin that has positive effects on the immunity, the diabetics in different countries highly depend on the camel milk. Therefore, further study would be required on the natural dynamics, substance, and antimicrobial action of camel milk and the concerned stakeholders should give attention to improve the camel milk utilization by developing a long-term strategy.","PeriodicalId":7857,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Biomedical and Life Sciences","volume":"9 1","pages":"60"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90120169","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-05-29DOI: 10.11648/j.ajbls.20200803.12
Nighat Zia-ud-Den, A. Jamil, Muhammad Imran Kanjal, Sobia Ambreen, Zirwah Rizwan
COVID-19, a rapidly spreading new strain of coronavirus, has affected more than 150 countries and received worldwide attention. The lack of efficacious drugs or vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 has further worsened the situation. Thus, there is an urgent need to boost up research for the development of effective therapeutics and affordable diagnostic against COVID-19. In this time of health crisis, it is the duty of scientific research community to provide alternative, effective and affordable strategies to vaccinate human bodies against viral infections-COVID-19 based on focused experimental approaches. Corona virus (CoV) is forward RNA virus on its surface, containing stick-shaped spikes. It is an undesirable broad genome of RNA, with an indefinite replication system. In mammals, birds, pigs and chickens, corona virus cause various infections. This triggers the pathogens of the upper respiratory tract, which can lead to death due to breathing illnesses. In this article the author briefly justify sudden occurrence of this highly pathogenic extreme lung disease and recently discovered in Middle East respiratory syndrome corona virus (MERS-CoV). This is review article are awareness about the CoVID-19 infection and its out break throughout the world. In this article brief history about life cycle, pathogenecity and transmittance of corona virus given.
{"title":"Corona Virus; A Comprehensive Overview About Its Life Cycle and Pathogenecity","authors":"Nighat Zia-ud-Den, A. Jamil, Muhammad Imran Kanjal, Sobia Ambreen, Zirwah Rizwan","doi":"10.11648/j.ajbls.20200803.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajbls.20200803.12","url":null,"abstract":"COVID-19, a rapidly spreading new strain of coronavirus, has affected more than 150 countries and received worldwide attention. The lack of efficacious drugs or vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 has further worsened the situation. Thus, there is an urgent need to boost up research for the development of effective therapeutics and affordable diagnostic against COVID-19. In this time of health crisis, it is the duty of scientific research community to provide alternative, effective and affordable strategies to vaccinate human bodies against viral infections-COVID-19 based on focused experimental approaches. Corona virus (CoV) is forward RNA virus on its surface, containing stick-shaped spikes. It is an undesirable broad genome of RNA, with an indefinite replication system. In mammals, birds, pigs and chickens, corona virus cause various infections. This triggers the pathogens of the upper respiratory tract, which can lead to death due to breathing illnesses. In this article the author briefly justify sudden occurrence of this highly pathogenic extreme lung disease and recently discovered in Middle East respiratory syndrome corona virus (MERS-CoV). This is review article are awareness about the CoVID-19 infection and its out break throughout the world. In this article brief history about life cycle, pathogenecity and transmittance of corona virus given.","PeriodicalId":7857,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Biomedical and Life Sciences","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79559918","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Objective: We attempt to investigate the anxiety and its influencing factors in postpartum nurses returning to work from second childbirth so as to provide reference basis for making intervening measures to promote physical and psychological health of the postpartum nurses. Methods: We conducted a network questionnaire survey. Firstly, convenience sampling was used to select postpartum nurses who return to work from giving birth to a second child in public hospitals affiliated to Jiangmen City from September 1st 2018 to December 31st 2018. Then we adopted Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS) to conduct a cross-sectional study of the anxiety of postpartum nurses returning to work from giving birth to a second child. We later used Logistics regression analysis to analyze the influencing factors of anxiety of the postpartum nurses. Results: the average score of 702 postpartum nurses on anxiety was (48.64±11.57), and the incidence of anxiety was 42.1%, among which the incidence of mild anxiety was 25.7%, moderate anxiety was 11% and severe anxiety was 5.4%. The Logistics regression analysis showed that duty, coping style, family function and social support were the factors that influenced anxiety of the postpartum nurses (R2=59.41%). Conclusions: The situation of anxiety of postpartum nurses returning to work after giving birth to a second child is severe, and family function is a major influencing factor of their anxiety. Nursing managers can help reduce the influence of family function on anxiety of postpartum nurses through providing psychological adjustment for them, help for their family and support for their work.
{"title":"Investigation of Anxiety and Its Influencing Factors in Postpartum Nurses Returning to Work from Giving Birth to a Second Child","authors":"Caiyun Kuang, Qingran Lin, Weiju Chen, Cuiyan Zhang","doi":"10.11648/J.AJBLS.20200803.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.AJBLS.20200803.11","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: We attempt to investigate the anxiety and its influencing factors in postpartum nurses returning to work from second childbirth so as to provide reference basis for making intervening measures to promote physical and psychological health of the postpartum nurses. Methods: We conducted a network questionnaire survey. Firstly, convenience sampling was used to select postpartum nurses who return to work from giving birth to a second child in public hospitals affiliated to Jiangmen City from September 1st 2018 to December 31st 2018. Then we adopted Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS) to conduct a cross-sectional study of the anxiety of postpartum nurses returning to work from giving birth to a second child. We later used Logistics regression analysis to analyze the influencing factors of anxiety of the postpartum nurses. Results: the average score of 702 postpartum nurses on anxiety was (48.64±11.57), and the incidence of anxiety was 42.1%, among which the incidence of mild anxiety was 25.7%, moderate anxiety was 11% and severe anxiety was 5.4%. The Logistics regression analysis showed that duty, coping style, family function and social support were the factors that influenced anxiety of the postpartum nurses (R2=59.41%). Conclusions: The situation of anxiety of postpartum nurses returning to work after giving birth to a second child is severe, and family function is a major influencing factor of their anxiety. Nursing managers can help reduce the influence of family function on anxiety of postpartum nurses through providing psychological adjustment for them, help for their family and support for their work.","PeriodicalId":7857,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Biomedical and Life Sciences","volume":"25 1","pages":"47"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83269702","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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