Pub Date : 2006-09-20DOI: 10.4314/JASET.V5I1.38294
A. Sangodoyin, A. Coker
There has been a growing concern in recent times in Nigeria on the menace of health-care wastes in the country. This is particularly with respect to the haphazard management of health care wastes being linked partly with the spread of the dreaded Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS). To provide the baseline data for coming up with sound management practices, a study was carried out to characterize and quantify the health-care solid wastes being generated in Ibadan, Nigeria. An examination of the strategies being used to manage health-care wastes was also carried out. A survey of four categories of fifty-two health care facilities spread across the eleven Local Government areas of Ibadan city was conducted. The facilities were categorized into Tertiary, Secondary, Primary and Diagnostic health care facilities based on size and function. The wastes generated in each facility were collected and measured for seven consecutive days, carefully sorted at the sources of generation in each facility. The secondary health-care facilities generate the peak amount of solid health-care waste, (being 10238 kg/d on the average per facility) followed by tertiary, primary and diagnostic health-care facilities in that order. The management practices in most facilities in the city are generally deplorable. Our assessment of the landfill sites show that they have been tuned into mere open dumps, with groundwater pollution being an apparent possibility. The study concluded with recommendations ranging from daily monitoring of generated wastes to its environmental-friendly disposal, in order to guarantee safe management of health-care wastes in the city. Keywords : health-care waste, characterization, quantification, Ibadan, Nigeria Journal of Applied Science, Engineering and Technology Vol. 5(1&2) 2005: 27-32
{"title":"Case study evaluation of health-care solid waste and pollution aspects in Ibadan, Nigeria","authors":"A. Sangodoyin, A. Coker","doi":"10.4314/JASET.V5I1.38294","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/JASET.V5I1.38294","url":null,"abstract":"There has been a growing concern in recent times in Nigeria on the menace of health-care wastes in the country. This is particularly with respect to the haphazard management of health care wastes being linked partly with the spread of the dreaded Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS). To provide the baseline data for coming up with sound management practices, a study was carried out to characterize and quantify the health-care solid wastes being generated in Ibadan, Nigeria. An examination of the strategies being used to manage health-care wastes was also carried out. A survey of four categories of fifty-two health care facilities spread across the eleven Local Government areas of Ibadan city was conducted. The facilities were categorized into Tertiary, Secondary, Primary and Diagnostic health care facilities based on size and function. The wastes generated in each facility were collected and measured for seven consecutive days, carefully sorted at the sources of generation in each facility. The secondary health-care facilities generate the peak amount of solid health-care waste, (being 10238 kg/d on the average per facility) followed by tertiary, primary and diagnostic health-care facilities in that order. The management practices in most facilities in the city are generally deplorable. Our assessment of the landfill sites show that they have been tuned into mere open dumps, with groundwater pollution being an apparent possibility. The study concluded with recommendations ranging from daily monitoring of generated wastes to its environmental-friendly disposal, in order to guarantee safe management of health-care wastes in the city. Keywords : health-care waste, characterization, quantification, Ibadan, Nigeria Journal of Applied Science, Engineering and Technology Vol. 5(1&2) 2005: 27-32","PeriodicalId":7884,"journal":{"name":"Andalasian International Journal of Applied Science, Engineering and Technology","volume":"44 6","pages":"27-32"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91441692","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2006-09-20DOI: 10.4314/JASET.V5I1.38290
M. Coker, Ao Ehimika
Bacteriological assessment of five samples of bottled water marketed in Ibadan, Nigeria and same number of public tap water supply (other wise called tap water) in Ibadan city was carried out. The samples were tested for bacterial cells counts, presumptive coliform count and the isolates were characterised using selective media according to standard methods. While none of the bottled water samples contained coliforms, all the tap water samples contained coliforms which ranged from 4 to 80/100ml. Micro-organisms such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphyloccus aureus and Escherichia coli were found in tap water samples while Staphyloccus aureus was found in bottled water samples. It was concluded from the study that while bottled water appears to be better than tap water from the bacteriological point of view, the former may not be entirely wholesome as it can still harbour some micro-organisms. Keywords : bottled water, tap water, microbiological quality, bacteriological assessment, microorganisms Journal of Applied Science, Engineering and Technology Vol. 5(1&2) 2005: 1-4
{"title":"Microbiological quality of packaged bottled water and public water supply in Ibadan, Nigeria","authors":"M. Coker, Ao Ehimika","doi":"10.4314/JASET.V5I1.38290","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/JASET.V5I1.38290","url":null,"abstract":"Bacteriological assessment of five samples of bottled water marketed in Ibadan, Nigeria and same number of public tap water supply (other wise called tap water) in Ibadan city was carried out. The samples were tested for bacterial cells counts, presumptive coliform count and the isolates were characterised using selective media according to standard methods. While none of the bottled water samples contained coliforms, all the tap water samples contained coliforms which ranged from 4 to 80/100ml. Micro-organisms such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphyloccus aureus and Escherichia coli were found in tap water samples while Staphyloccus aureus was found in bottled water samples. It was concluded from the study that while bottled water appears to be better than tap water from the bacteriological point of view, the former may not be entirely wholesome as it can still harbour some micro-organisms. Keywords : bottled water, tap water, microbiological quality, bacteriological assessment, microorganisms Journal of Applied Science, Engineering and Technology Vol. 5(1&2) 2005: 1-4","PeriodicalId":7884,"journal":{"name":"Andalasian International Journal of Applied Science, Engineering and Technology","volume":"59 1","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78564555","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2006-09-20DOI: 10.4314/JASET.V2I1.38259
T. Shittu, S. Awonorin, L. Sanni, M. Idowu
No Abstract. Journal of Applied Science, Engineering and Technology Vol. 2(1) 2002: 13-18
没有抽象的。应用科学，工程技术Vol. 2(1) 2002: 13-18
{"title":"Dry milling characteristics of dried cassava chips as related to moisture content","authors":"T. Shittu, S. Awonorin, L. Sanni, M. Idowu","doi":"10.4314/JASET.V2I1.38259","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/JASET.V2I1.38259","url":null,"abstract":"No Abstract. Journal of Applied Science, Engineering and Technology Vol. 2(1) 2002: 13-18","PeriodicalId":7884,"journal":{"name":"Andalasian International Journal of Applied Science, Engineering and Technology","volume":"57 10 1","pages":"13-18"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76051885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2006-09-20DOI: 10.4314/JASET.V5I1.38301
M. Alatise, O. Adeboye
This study was conducted to evaluate the untapped land and water resources that abound at Apoje subbasin on River Osun, and to determine the most appropriate statistical method to estimate the water resources. A field study of cultivable farmlands on the sub-basin was conducted. The stream flow discharges of River Osun at Apoje were also analyzed using the Normal, Log Normal and Pearson Type III distributions. Results obtained show that over 800,000 ha of cultivable farmlands remain untouched while a minimum annual volume of water of about 60.24 x 10 9 m 3 also remains unused. Of the three statistical distributions used to analyse the steam flow discharges of this sub-basin, the Log-Pearson Type III distribution gives the best fit with coefficient of correlation R 2 of 0.99. The distribution also gives the Upper and Lower limits of flood of 553.85m 3 /s and 344.45m 3 /s respectively. Keywords : land and water resources, agricultural production, Apoje sub-basin Journal of Applied Science, Engineering and Technology Vol. 5(1&2) 2005: 75-79
{"title":"Utilizing land and water resources at Apoje sub-basin (Southwestern Nigeria) on Osun river for agricultural production","authors":"M. Alatise, O. Adeboye","doi":"10.4314/JASET.V5I1.38301","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/JASET.V5I1.38301","url":null,"abstract":"This study was conducted to evaluate the untapped land and water resources that abound at Apoje subbasin on River Osun, and to determine the most appropriate statistical method to estimate the water resources. A field study of cultivable farmlands on the sub-basin was conducted. The stream flow discharges of River Osun at Apoje were also analyzed using the Normal, Log Normal and Pearson Type III distributions. Results obtained show that over 800,000 ha of cultivable farmlands remain untouched while a minimum annual volume of water of about 60.24 x 10 9 m 3 also remains unused. Of the three statistical distributions used to analyse the steam flow discharges of this sub-basin, the Log-Pearson Type III distribution gives the best fit with coefficient of correlation R 2 of 0.99. The distribution also gives the Upper and Lower limits of flood of 553.85m 3 /s and 344.45m 3 /s respectively. Keywords : land and water resources, agricultural production, Apoje sub-basin Journal of Applied Science, Engineering and Technology Vol. 5(1&2) 2005: 75-79","PeriodicalId":7884,"journal":{"name":"Andalasian International Journal of Applied Science, Engineering and Technology","volume":"12 1","pages":"75-79"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81861047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2006-09-20DOI: 10.4314/JASET.V3I2.38242
L. Uyigue
In this work, the influence of space distribution on physico-chemical parameters of refinery effluent discharge has been studied, using treated effluent water discharged from the Port Harcourt Refinery Company (PHRC) into the Ekerekana Creek in Okrika as reference. Samples were collected at surface level from the discharge point into the Creek and subsequently at 500 metres and 1000 metres down stream. The samples taken from these points were analysed for physico-chemical parameters such as pH, TDS, TSS, COD, Oil and Grease, Temperature, Cations (Pb 2+ , Fe (total), Cu 2+ , Cr 6+ , Ca 2+ , and Mg 2+ ) and Anions (PO , NO , SO and Cl - ) . The results showed that Oil and Grease, COD, Cations (Pb 2+ , Fe (total)) and temperature were dilution sensitive, and are stated as follows: oil and grease, 24 to 7mg/l; Iron (Fe (total)), 1.0 to 0.16 mg/l; lead (Pb 2+ ), 0.035 to 0.006 mg/l; COD, 7 to 1mg/l and temperature, 24.1 to 22.0oC. Parameters such as TDS, TSS, Cu 2+ , Ca 2+ , Mg,sup>2+ , SO and Cl - are dilution non-sensitive, mainly due to the existence of residual impurities (pollution load) created by existing rocks and salts in the creek water body. The magnitude of these impurities increases along the creek even beyond 1000m from the discharged point. Journal of Applied Science, Engineering and Technology Vol. 3(2) 2003: 13-16
{"title":"Surface water assessment on the influence of space distribution on the physico-chemical parameters of refinery effluent water","authors":"L. Uyigue","doi":"10.4314/JASET.V3I2.38242","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/JASET.V3I2.38242","url":null,"abstract":"In this work, the influence of space distribution on physico-chemical parameters of refinery effluent discharge has been studied, using treated effluent water discharged from the Port Harcourt Refinery Company (PHRC) into the Ekerekana Creek in Okrika as reference. Samples were collected at surface level from the discharge point into the Creek and subsequently at 500 metres and 1000 metres down stream. The samples taken from these points were analysed for physico-chemical parameters such as pH, TDS, TSS, COD, Oil and Grease, Temperature, Cations (Pb 2+ , Fe (total), Cu 2+ , Cr 6+ , Ca 2+ , and Mg 2+ ) and Anions (PO , NO , SO and Cl - ) . The results showed that Oil and Grease, COD, Cations (Pb 2+ , Fe (total)) and temperature were dilution sensitive, and are stated as follows: oil and grease, 24 to 7mg/l; Iron (Fe (total)), 1.0 to 0.16 mg/l; lead (Pb 2+ ), 0.035 to 0.006 mg/l; COD, 7 to 1mg/l and temperature, 24.1 to 22.0oC. Parameters such as TDS, TSS, Cu 2+ , Ca 2+ , Mg,sup>2+ , SO and Cl - are dilution non-sensitive, mainly due to the existence of residual impurities (pollution load) created by existing rocks and salts in the creek water body. The magnitude of these impurities increases along the creek even beyond 1000m from the discharged point. Journal of Applied Science, Engineering and Technology Vol. 3(2) 2003: 13-16","PeriodicalId":7884,"journal":{"name":"Andalasian International Journal of Applied Science, Engineering and Technology","volume":"61 1","pages":"13-16"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86718486","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2006-09-20DOI: 10.4314/JASET.V3I1.38250
O. Agbede, A. Adegbola
This piece of work deals with the numerical simulation of groundwater flow in the Gwandu Sedimentary Formation, Sokoto Basin, with the aid of borehole data obtained from some locations, fairly distributed over the aquifer formation. The aquifer was modelled by the application of Finite Element Method (F.E.M), with appropriate initial and boundary conditions. The matrix solver technique adopted for the F.E.M. was that of the Conjugate Gradient Method. After the steady state calibration and transient verification, the model was used to predict the effect of pumping on hydraulic heads up to the year 2030. Findings in the simulation exercise reveal the importance of applying appropriate and reasonable initial and boundary conditions to the models to ensure reliability of output results. Journal of Applied Science, Engineering and Technology Vol. 3(1) 2003: 13-18
{"title":"Application of the numerical modelling techniques to the simulation of groundwater flow in the Gwandu formation of the North-Western Nigeria basin","authors":"O. Agbede, A. Adegbola","doi":"10.4314/JASET.V3I1.38250","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/JASET.V3I1.38250","url":null,"abstract":"This piece of work deals with the numerical simulation of groundwater flow in the Gwandu Sedimentary Formation, Sokoto Basin, with the aid of borehole data obtained from some locations, fairly distributed over the aquifer formation. The aquifer was modelled by the application of Finite Element Method (F.E.M), with appropriate initial and boundary conditions. The matrix solver technique adopted for the F.E.M. was that of the Conjugate Gradient Method. After the steady state calibration and transient verification, the model was used to predict the effect of pumping on hydraulic heads up to the year 2030. Findings in the simulation exercise reveal the importance of applying appropriate and reasonable initial and boundary conditions to the models to ensure reliability of output results. Journal of Applied Science, Engineering and Technology Vol. 3(1) 2003: 13-18","PeriodicalId":7884,"journal":{"name":"Andalasian International Journal of Applied Science, Engineering and Technology","volume":"1 1","pages":"13-18"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73245358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2006-09-20DOI: 10.4314/JASET.V5I1.38292
L. Odokuma, Jo Okara
The biodegradability of four commonly used Global System for Mobile Telecommunication (GSM) telephone recharge cards in rainforest (RS) and mangrove (MS) soils of the Niger Delta were examined. The effect of bio-stimulation with inorganic fertilizers (NPK 15:15;15 and Urea) was also examined. Biodegradation was monitored over 28-day period using changes in total organic carbon (TOC) and carbon dioxide evolution. Positive control consisted of filter paper plus test soil (rain forest soil or mangrove soil). Negative control consisted of recharge card and sterile soil. There was a rapid increase in total heterotrophic bacterial (THB) and fungal (TF) counts from a magnitude of 10 4 to10 7 cfu/g for bacteria ad 10 3 to 10 4 cfu/g for fungi from day 0 to day 28 in the biodegradation test systems in rain forest and mangrove soils. There was no significant difference (p 2 evolution was independent of recharge card, soil type and fertilizer application. It was concluded that GSM recharge cards are readily degraded in both rainforest ad mangrove soils of the Niger Delta, even without bio-stimulation especially when they are first physically broken up. The recharge card type did not influence the rate of biodegradation. Journal of Applied Science, Engineering and Technology Vol. 5(1&2) 2005: 11-20
{"title":"Biodegradability of grounded cell phone recharge cards in two Niger Delta soils","authors":"L. Odokuma, Jo Okara","doi":"10.4314/JASET.V5I1.38292","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/JASET.V5I1.38292","url":null,"abstract":"The biodegradability of four commonly used Global System for Mobile Telecommunication (GSM) telephone recharge cards in rainforest (RS) and mangrove (MS) soils of the Niger Delta were examined. The effect of bio-stimulation with inorganic fertilizers (NPK 15:15;15 and Urea) was also examined. Biodegradation was monitored over 28-day period using changes in total organic carbon (TOC) and carbon dioxide evolution. Positive control consisted of filter paper plus test soil (rain forest soil or mangrove soil). Negative control consisted of recharge card and sterile soil. There was a rapid increase in total heterotrophic bacterial (THB) and fungal (TF) counts from a magnitude of 10 4 to10 7 cfu/g for bacteria ad 10 3 to 10 4 cfu/g for fungi from day 0 to day 28 in the biodegradation test systems in rain forest and mangrove soils. There was no significant difference (p 2 evolution was independent of recharge card, soil type and fertilizer application. It was concluded that GSM recharge cards are readily degraded in both rainforest ad mangrove soils of the Niger Delta, even without bio-stimulation especially when they are first physically broken up. The recharge card type did not influence the rate of biodegradation. Journal of Applied Science, Engineering and Technology Vol. 5(1&2) 2005: 11-20","PeriodicalId":7884,"journal":{"name":"Andalasian International Journal of Applied Science, Engineering and Technology","volume":"160 1","pages":"11-20"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77708221","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2006-09-20DOI: 10.4314/JASET.V4I1.38282
L. Odokuma, E. Akpokodje
No Abstract. Journal of Applied Science, Engineering and Technology Vol. 4(2) 2004: 6-14
没有抽象的。应用科学，工程技术Vol. 4(2) 2004: 6-14
{"title":"Biodegradation of a simulated landfill leachate in tropical soil of depth 6.5 metres","authors":"L. Odokuma, E. Akpokodje","doi":"10.4314/JASET.V4I1.38282","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/JASET.V4I1.38282","url":null,"abstract":"No Abstract. Journal of Applied Science, Engineering and Technology Vol. 4(2) 2004: 6-14","PeriodicalId":7884,"journal":{"name":"Andalasian International Journal of Applied Science, Engineering and Technology","volume":"2 1","pages":"6-14"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72828124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2006-09-20DOI: 10.4314/JASET.V4I1.38285
H. Olusegun
No Abstract. Journal of Applied Science, Engineering and Technology Vol. 4(2) 2004: 29-34
没有抽象的。应用科学，工程技术Vol. 4(2) 2004: 29-34
{"title":"Using the response spectra characteristics to determine the suitability of various lubricants","authors":"H. Olusegun","doi":"10.4314/JASET.V4I1.38285","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/JASET.V4I1.38285","url":null,"abstract":"No Abstract. Journal of Applied Science, Engineering and Technology Vol. 4(2) 2004: 29-34","PeriodicalId":7884,"journal":{"name":"Andalasian International Journal of Applied Science, Engineering and Technology","volume":"58 1","pages":"29-34"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77215792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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