Pub Date : 2008-05-27DOI: 10.4314/JASET.V6I1.38303
S. O. Ismaila, O. Charles-Owaba
Spinal shrinkage has been confirmed to be a result of loads imposed on the human spine. The present study was aimed at studying the effects of different types of work on spinal shrinkage. Moreover, the relationship between age and spinal shrinkage was also studied. The heights just before the start and after the close of work were measured in order to determine the spinal shrinkage. The study confirmed that there was no correlation between age and spinal shrinkage at 5% level of significance. It also confirmed that significant differences (at 5% level of significance) exist between spinal shrinkages due to heavy and light workloads. This suggests that inter individual variation in spinal shrinkage may be as a result of the types of work undertaken. Keywords : Spinal shrinkage, Spine, age, workloads, visco-elasticity. Journal of Applied Science, Engineering and Technology Vol. 6 (1) 2006 pp. 8-15
脊柱收缩已被证实是施加在人类脊柱上的负荷的结果。本研究旨在研究不同类型的工作对脊柱收缩的影响。此外，我们还研究了年龄与脊柱萎缩的关系。测量工作开始前和工作结束后的高度，以确定脊柱收缩。研究证实，年龄与脊柱萎缩之间没有相关性，显著性水平为5%。它还证实，在重负荷和轻负荷引起的脊柱收缩之间存在显著差异(显著性水平为5%)。这表明脊柱收缩的个体间差异可能是所从事工作类型的结果。关键词:脊柱收缩，脊柱，年龄，工作负荷，粘弹性。应用科学，工程技术Vol. 6 (1) 2006 pp. 8-15
{"title":"Effects of Type of Work and Age on Spinal Shrinkage","authors":"S. O. Ismaila, O. Charles-Owaba","doi":"10.4314/JASET.V6I1.38303","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/JASET.V6I1.38303","url":null,"abstract":"Spinal shrinkage has been confirmed to be a result of loads imposed on the human\u0000spine. The present study was aimed at studying the effects of different types of work on spinal shrinkage. Moreover, the relationship between age and spinal shrinkage was also studied. The heights just before the start and after the close of work were measured in order to determine the spinal shrinkage. The study confirmed that there was no correlation between age and spinal shrinkage at 5% level of significance. It also confirmed that significant differences (at 5% level of significance) exist between spinal shrinkages due to heavy and light workloads. This suggests that inter individual variation in spinal shrinkage may be as a result of the types of work undertaken. Keywords : Spinal shrinkage, Spine, age, workloads, visco-elasticity. Journal of Applied Science, Engineering and Technology Vol. 6 (1) 2006 pp. 8-15","PeriodicalId":7884,"journal":{"name":"Andalasian International Journal of Applied Science, Engineering and Technology","volume":"17 1","pages":"8-15"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89554615","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-05-27DOI: 10.4314/JASET.V6I2.38314
C. Okoli, K. Egunjobi
Quantifying evaporation from bare soil is critical for water resources development in arid regions and for bare or fallow agricultural land. Some researchers have commented on typical characteristics of arid regions most potential evaporation is extremely high and available water is limited, thus emphasizing the need for accurate and robust potential evaporation models. The purpose of this paper is to review the abilities of three models to describe diurnal variation of potential evaporations over bare soils. The models discussed are the Penman – Brutsaert, Priestley and Taylor and the advection aridity-actual evaporation model by Brutsaert and Stricker. These three models require atmospheric measurements at only one level and no calibration of surface properties is required. The critical results of the application of these models showed that under a variety of atmospheric conditions Penman-Brutsaert model gave the best description of the measured fluxes. Priestley – Taylor with α = 1.26 performed best under unstable atmospheric conditions especially where radiation is the primary mechanism forcing the evaporation. The Advective – Aridity equation, which relies on complementary relationship between actual and potential evaporation, and could underestimate evaporation but performed best at higher wind speed. Keywords : Evaporation, Water Vapour, Bare soil, Models Journal of Applied Science, Engineering and Technology Vol. 6 (1) 2006 pp. 81-86
{"title":"Evaluation of Some Mathematical Models for Estimating Evaluation of Some Mathematical Models for Estimating","authors":"C. Okoli, K. Egunjobi","doi":"10.4314/JASET.V6I2.38314","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/JASET.V6I2.38314","url":null,"abstract":"Quantifying evaporation from bare soil is critical for water resources development in arid regions and for bare or fallow agricultural land. Some researchers have commented on typical characteristics of arid regions most potential evaporation is extremely high and available water is limited, thus emphasizing the need for accurate and robust potential evaporation models. The purpose of this paper is to review the abilities of three models to describe diurnal variation of potential evaporations over bare soils. The models discussed are the Penman – Brutsaert, Priestley and Taylor and the advection aridity-actual evaporation model by Brutsaert and Stricker. These three models require atmospheric measurements at only one level and no calibration of surface properties is required. The critical results of the application of these models showed that under a variety of atmospheric conditions Penman-Brutsaert model gave the best description of\u0000the measured fluxes. Priestley – Taylor with α = 1.26 performed best under unstable\u0000atmospheric conditions especially where radiation is the primary mechanism forcing the\u0000evaporation. The Advective – Aridity equation, which relies on complementary relationship\u0000between actual and potential evaporation, and could underestimate evaporation but performed best at higher wind speed. Keywords : Evaporation, Water Vapour, Bare soil, Models Journal of Applied Science, Engineering and Technology Vol. 6 (1) 2006 pp. 81-86","PeriodicalId":7884,"journal":{"name":"Andalasian International Journal of Applied Science, Engineering and Technology","volume":"73 1","pages":"81-86"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91150610","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-05-27DOI: 10.4314/JASET.V6I1.38308
O. Essien, A. Sangodoyin
ECCRARO model, which registers flood-stage response to rainfall impulse in Enyong/Ikpa rivers' catchments, was applied in conjunction with the analysis of the physical properties of the catchment system to establish how surface runoff/subsurface drainage to the floodplains/rivers and the flood routing through the catchment rivers control flood stages, hence flooding of the catchments. The control of the rising and falling flood stages under rainfall impulse was dominated by the combined processes of runoff production/drainage and flood routing. However, drainage through the floodplain was slower in Enyong Creek catchment than the routing of floodwater through its river system, hence, drainage problem was a priority in upstream Enyong Creek. In Ikpa river catchment, the sluggish flood routing in its river system dominated flooding problem more than the runoff production process, making flood routing a priority problem. The runoff coefficients, generating surface runoff from excess effective rainfall into runoff were twice higher in Enyong Creek than in Ikpa river catchments, while the groundwater flows in Ikpa sub-catchments exceeded those from corresponding sub-catchments in Enyong basin. On the other hand, the Lag between stage accretion and recession rates was wider in Ikpa than Enyong rivers, while the time of concentration of 3.5 to 4.5 hours in Enyong was far greater than the Lag time of 0.5 hour in Ikpa catchments. The lower surface gradient in Ikpa river at its confluence with Cross river retarded its entrance flow rates, causing a higher upstream backwater that exacerbates flooding in Ikpa tributary swamps, while the entrance in the Enyong Creek was smoother at its confluence due to its positive surface gradient at its confluence with Cross river. Drainage of runoff is priority flood control problem in Enyong Creek catchment while flood routing is priority in Ikpa river catchment. Keywords : Control processes, storm water dynamics, drainage, flood routing, ECCRARO Journal of Applied Science, Engineering and Technology Vol. 6 (1) 2006 pp. 39-47
ECCRARO模型记录了恩永河/伊克帕河集水区对降雨脉冲的洪水级响应，该模型与集水区系统的物理特性分析结合使用，以确定地表径流/地下排水到洪泛区/河流以及通过集水区河流的洪水路径如何控制洪水级，从而导致集水区的洪水泛滥。降雨冲量下洪水涨落阶段的控制主要是产/排径流和洪水路径的联合过程。然而，恩永溪流域通过洪泛区的排水速度比洪水通过其河流系统的速度要慢，因此，恩永溪上游的排水问题是一个优先考虑的问题。在Ikpa河流域，其水系中缓慢的洪水调度对洪水问题的影响大于产流过程，使洪水调度成为优先问题。恩永溪将过量有效降雨转化为径流的径流系数是伊帕河流域的2倍，而伊帕河流域的地下水流量超过了恩永流域相应的子流域。另一方面，伊克帕河的阶段增长速率与衰退速率之间的滞后比恩永河更大，而恩永河的3.5 ~ 4.5 h的集中时间远远大于伊克帕河流域的0.5 h的滞后时间。伊克帕河与克罗斯河汇合处较低的地表梯度降低了伊克帕河的入口流量，导致上游回水增加，加剧了伊克帕河支流沼泽的洪水泛滥，而恩永溪汇合处的入口由于与克罗斯河汇合处的正地表梯度而较平缓。径流排水是恩永河流域的首要防洪问题，而调洪则是伊克帕里河流域的首要防洪问题。关键词:控制过程，暴雨水动力学，排水，洪水路径，ECCRARO应用科学，工程技术Vol. 6 (1) 2006 pp. 39-47
{"title":"Analysis of the Control Processes Upon Storm Water Dynamics Using ECCRARO Model in Eyong Creek and River Catchments in South-Western Nigeria","authors":"O. Essien, A. Sangodoyin","doi":"10.4314/JASET.V6I1.38308","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/JASET.V6I1.38308","url":null,"abstract":"ECCRARO model, which registers flood-stage response to rainfall impulse in Enyong/Ikpa rivers' catchments, was applied in conjunction with the analysis of the physical properties of the catchment system to establish how surface runoff/subsurface drainage to the floodplains/rivers and the flood routing through the catchment rivers control flood stages, hence flooding of the catchments. The control of the rising and falling flood stages under rainfall impulse was dominated by the combined processes of runoff production/drainage and flood routing. However, drainage through the floodplain was slower in Enyong Creek catchment than the routing of floodwater through its river system, hence, drainage problem was a priority in upstream Enyong Creek. In Ikpa river\u0000catchment, the sluggish flood routing in its river system dominated flooding problem more than the runoff production process, making flood routing a priority problem. The runoff coefficients, generating surface runoff from excess effective rainfall into runoff were twice higher in Enyong Creek than in Ikpa river catchments, while the groundwater\u0000flows in Ikpa sub-catchments exceeded those from corresponding sub-catchments in Enyong basin. On the other hand, the Lag between stage accretion and recession rates was wider in Ikpa than Enyong rivers, while the time of concentration of 3.5 to 4.5 hours in Enyong was far greater than the Lag time of 0.5 hour in Ikpa catchments. The\u0000lower surface gradient in Ikpa river at its confluence with Cross river retarded its entrance flow rates, causing a higher upstream backwater that exacerbates flooding in Ikpa tributary swamps, while the entrance in the Enyong Creek was smoother at its confluence due to its positive surface gradient at its confluence with Cross river. Drainage of runoff is priority flood control problem in Enyong Creek catchment while flood routing is priority in Ikpa\u0000river catchment. Keywords : Control processes, storm water dynamics, drainage, flood routing, ECCRARO Journal of Applied Science, Engineering and Technology Vol. 6 (1) 2006 pp. 39-47","PeriodicalId":7884,"journal":{"name":"Andalasian International Journal of Applied Science, Engineering and Technology","volume":"27 1","pages":"39-47"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78487715","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-05-27DOI: 10.4314/JASET.V6I2.38309
A. Badmos, A. Afonja
The effect of prior cold work on grain refinement in mild steel by cyclic re-austenization has been studied. Cyclic re-austenization consists of repeated heating to the austenite range, soaking for a short time at the peak temperature and then quenching in water. A steel grade, ST 44-2 (0.14-0.20%C, 0.18-0.28%Si, 0.40-0.60%Mn), was cold worked to various degrees of deformation and subjected to various isothermal heat treatments, keeping the holding time constant while the peak temperature was varied and vice-versa for a number of cycles. The higher the degree of cold work the finer the average grain size for a given number of cycles. Average grain size decreases with increasing number of cycles up to an optimum number and the optimum number of cycles decreases with increasing degree of cold work. The effect of cold work is more pronounced at lower temperature, shorter time and smaller number of austenitizing cycles. For a given condition of temperature and time, the higher the degree of cold work, the smaller the number of cycles required for optimum grain refinement. Keywords : Mild Steel, Grain Refinement, Cyclic Re-Austenitization, Cold-Work Journal of Applied Science, Engineering and Technology Vol. 6 (1) 2006 pp. 48-55
研究了预先冷加工对低碳钢循环再奥氏体细化晶粒的影响。循环再奥氏体化包括反复加热到奥氏体范围，在峰值温度下短暂浸泡，然后在水中淬火。对ST 44-2 (0.14-0.20%C, 0.18-0.28%Si, 0.40-0.60%Mn)钢进行冷加工，使其产生不同程度的变形，并进行各种等温热处理，在多次循环中保持保温时间不变，而峰值温度变化，反之亦然。在给定循环次数下，冷加工程度越高，平均晶粒尺寸越细。平均晶粒尺寸随着循环次数的增加而减小，达到最佳循环次数后，最佳循环次数随着冷加工程度的增加而减小。在较低的温度、较短的时间和较少的奥氏体化循环次数下，冷加工的效果更为明显。在给定的温度和时间条件下，冷加工程度越高，达到最佳晶粒细化所需的循环次数越少。关键词:低碳钢，晶粒细化，循环再奥氏体化，冷加工，应用科学，工程与技术Vol. 6 (1) 2006 pp. 48-55
{"title":"Effect of Prior Cold Work on Grain Refinement in ST 44-2 Mild Steel by Cyclic Re-Austenitizing","authors":"A. Badmos, A. Afonja","doi":"10.4314/JASET.V6I2.38309","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/JASET.V6I2.38309","url":null,"abstract":"The effect of prior cold work on grain refinement in mild steel by cyclic re-austenization has been studied. Cyclic re-austenization consists of repeated heating to the austenite range, soaking for a short time at the peak temperature and then quenching in water. A steel grade, ST 44-2 (0.14-0.20%C, 0.18-0.28%Si, 0.40-0.60%Mn), was cold worked to various degrees of deformation and subjected to various isothermal heat treatments, keeping the holding time constant while the peak temperature was varied and vice-versa for a number of cycles. The higher the degree of cold work the finer the average grain size for a given number of cycles. Average grain size decreases with increasing number of cycles up to an optimum number and the optimum number of cycles decreases with increasing degree of cold work. The effect of cold work is more pronounced at lower temperature, shorter time and smaller number of austenitizing cycles. For a given condition of temperature and time, the higher the degree of cold work, the smaller the number of cycles required for optimum grain refinement. Keywords : Mild Steel, Grain Refinement, Cyclic Re-Austenitization, Cold-Work Journal of Applied Science, Engineering and Technology Vol. 6 (1) 2006 pp. 48-55","PeriodicalId":7884,"journal":{"name":"Andalasian International Journal of Applied Science, Engineering and Technology","volume":"50 1","pages":"48-55"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75760851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-05-27DOI: 10.4314/JASET.V6I2.38312
O. Ogunsanwo
Anatomical characteristics of wood of 27-year old Triplochiton scleroxylon (obeche) were investigated to assess the variation pattern of fibre, vessel and ray elements. Test samples were obtained axially from butt, 10%, 30%, 50%, 70% and 90% of merchantable height (MH); and radially from inner wood, middle wood and outer wood. Results show that fibre proportion ranged from 53.5% at 90% of MH to 64.7% at the butt. Vessel proportion ranged from 18.85 to 17.1%, while ray proportion had a range of between 16.7% and 26.6%. Axial variation for fibre and vessels were significant at 5% level that of while those of rays were not significant. It was further revealed that variations of fibre diameter and fibre wall thickness generally increased from butt to top of tree, lumen width and fibre length varied inconsistently along the bole. Modulus of Elasticity MOE was the most predictable Strength property, while Impact Bending IMB was least predictable. Addition of fibre proportion to selected fibre dimensional characteristics improved predictability in strength properties except in Maximum compressive strength parallel to grain MCS//. Keywords : Triplochiton scleroxylon , Anatomical properties Strength properties, Omo Forest Reserve, Nigeria Journal of Applied Science, Engineering and Technology Vol. 6 (1) 2006 pp. 68-75
{"title":"Variations in Wood Anatomical Characteristics of Nigerian grown Triplochiton scleroxylon and their Relationships with Selected Mechanical Properties","authors":"O. Ogunsanwo","doi":"10.4314/JASET.V6I2.38312","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/JASET.V6I2.38312","url":null,"abstract":"Anatomical characteristics of wood of 27-year old Triplochiton scleroxylon (obeche) were investigated to assess the variation pattern of fibre, vessel and ray elements. Test samples were obtained axially from butt, 10%, 30%, 50%, 70% and 90% of merchantable height (MH); and radially from inner wood, middle wood and outer wood. Results show that fibre proportion ranged from 53.5% at 90% of MH to 64.7% at the butt. Vessel proportion ranged from 18.85 to 17.1%, while ray proportion had a range of between 16.7% and 26.6%. Axial variation for fibre and vessels were significant at 5% level that of while those of rays were not significant. It was further revealed that variations of fibre diameter and fibre wall thickness generally increased from butt to top of tree, lumen width and fibre length varied inconsistently along the bole. Modulus of Elasticity\u0000MOE was the most predictable Strength property, while Impact Bending IMB was least\u0000predictable. Addition of fibre proportion to selected fibre dimensional characteristics improved predictability in strength properties except in Maximum compressive strength parallel to grain MCS//. Keywords : Triplochiton scleroxylon , Anatomical properties Strength properties, Omo Forest Reserve, Nigeria Journal of Applied Science, Engineering and Technology Vol. 6 (1) 2006 pp. 68-75","PeriodicalId":7884,"journal":{"name":"Andalasian International Journal of Applied Science, Engineering and Technology","volume":"18 1","pages":"68-75"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79355813","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-05-27DOI: 10.4314/JASET.V6I1.38302
B. Alabadan, O. Oyeleye
Potential hazards to the health of grain storage workers have increased over the years basically because of the sophistication in storage systems, grain dust, biological contaminants and chemicals used in storage. To identify the hazards of grain storage in southwest and middle belt regions of Nigeria, analysis of medical records, interviews and questionnaires were used in eleven selected establishments from flour mills, the strategic grain reserves (SGRs) and breweries. Findings showed that the principal cause of hazards was the grain dust and other forms of dust like soil from harvest, insect and chemical preservative residues. The results obtained showed that 33.85% of workers were affected with catarrh, 21.54% with skin irritation, 18.46% headache, 4.62% high body temperature and 21.54% with cough. However, skin irritations were higher in SGRs, headache and cough were higher in breweries while flour mills were more associated with catarrh. Hazards in grain storage can be minimized or even eliminated if proper handling techniques are adopted and all necessary safety precautions strictly adhered to. Keywords : Grain, Storage, Workers, Health, Hazards, Dust Journal of Applied Science, Engineering and Technology Vol. 6 (1) 2006 pp. 1-7
多年来，粮食储存工人健康的潜在危害有所增加，主要是因为储存系统的复杂性、粮食粉尘、生物污染物和储存中使用的化学品。为了确定尼日利亚西南和中部地带地区粮食储存的危害，在面料厂、战略粮食储备和啤酒厂选定的11家机构中对医疗记录进行了分析、访谈和问卷调查。调查结果表明，粮食粉尘和其他形式的粉尘(如收获后的土壤、昆虫和化学防腐剂残留)是危害的主要原因。结果显示，33.85%的工人有卡他炎，21.54%的工人有皮肤刺激，18.46%的工人有头痛，4.62%的工人有高热，21.54%的工人有咳嗽。然而，sgr的皮肤刺激程度更高，酿酒厂的头痛和咳嗽程度更高，而面粉厂则更容易引发黏膜炎。如果采用正确的处理技术，严格遵守一切必要的安全措施，就可以最大限度地减少甚至消除粮食储存中的危害。关键词:粮食，仓储，工人，健康，危害，粉尘，应用科学，工程与技术Vol. 6 (1) 2006 pp. 1-7
{"title":"Health Hazards Among grain Storage Workers in Nigeria","authors":"B. Alabadan, O. Oyeleye","doi":"10.4314/JASET.V6I1.38302","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/JASET.V6I1.38302","url":null,"abstract":"Potential hazards to the health of grain storage workers have increased over the years basically because of the sophistication in storage systems, grain dust, biological contaminants and chemicals used in storage. To identify the hazards of grain storage in southwest and middle belt regions of Nigeria, analysis of medical records, interviews and questionnaires were used in eleven selected establishments from flour mills, the strategic grain reserves (SGRs) and breweries. Findings showed that the principal cause of hazards was the grain dust and other forms of dust like soil from harvest, insect and chemical preservative residues. The results obtained showed that 33.85% of workers were affected with catarrh, 21.54% with skin irritation, 18.46% headache, 4.62% high body temperature and 21.54% with cough. However, skin irritations were higher in SGRs, headache and cough were higher in breweries while flour mills were more associated with catarrh. Hazards in grain storage can be minimized or even eliminated if proper handling techniques are adopted and all necessary safety precautions strictly adhered to. Keywords : Grain, Storage, Workers, Health, Hazards, Dust Journal of Applied Science, Engineering and Technology Vol. 6 (1) 2006 pp. 1-7","PeriodicalId":7884,"journal":{"name":"Andalasian International Journal of Applied Science, Engineering and Technology","volume":"3 1","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82012256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Offensive odour arising from animal production houses and facilities has been noted to be harmful to both human and animal health. Bad odour causing air pollution can be controlled by physical, chemical or biological methods. A biochemical system called Biofilter for air filtration and control of offensive odour has been designed, constructed and tested. The effectiveness of odour control by the model biofilter was tested by a panel guided with a structured questionnaire. 63% of panel members correctly identified the offensive odour being produced by the source, the same proportion identified odourless nature of the products released at the exhaust section of the filter, and 100% noticed the milky colour change at the humidifier and condensing water on the top of the glass layers of the biofilter. 84% of the panel viewed the biofilter as an effective way of removing bad odour from the atmosphere. Keywords: Biofilter, Odour, Air Filtration, Control Journal of Applied Science, Engineering and Technology , Volume 8, 2008
{"title":"Development and testing of a model biofilter","authors":"B. Ugwuishiwu, A. Ani, A. Chibuko","doi":"10.4314/JASET.V8I0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/JASET.V8I0","url":null,"abstract":"Offensive odour arising from animal production houses and facilities has been noted to be harmful to both human and animal health. Bad odour causing air pollution can be controlled by physical, chemical or biological methods. A biochemical system called Biofilter for air filtration and control of offensive odour has been designed, constructed and tested. The effectiveness of odour control by the model biofilter was tested by a panel guided with a structured questionnaire. 63% of panel members correctly identified the offensive odour being produced by the source, the same proportion identified odourless nature of the products released at the exhaust section of the filter, and 100% noticed the milky colour change at the humidifier and condensing water on the top of the glass layers of the biofilter. 84% of the panel viewed the biofilter as an effective way of removing bad odour from the atmosphere. Keywords: Biofilter, Odour, Air Filtration, Control Journal of Applied Science, Engineering and Technology , Volume 8, 2008","PeriodicalId":7884,"journal":{"name":"Andalasian International Journal of Applied Science, Engineering and Technology","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85047223","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2006-09-20DOI: 10.4314/JASET.V3I2.38248
A. Bamgboye, Oa Sadiku
A combined motorized and manual powered palm-nut cracker was designed, fabricated and tested at different moisture contents. The machine was designed for an output capacity of 90.4Kg/hr. for motorized and 19.8Kg/hr. for manual power respectively. The features of the machine are hammers, cracking chamber, hopper, Spout, main frame, chain, sprocket, shafts and effort-arm. During testing, a maximum efficiency of 85% at 16% moisture content was attained for a motorized nut cracker at a speed of 1440rpm; while the efficiency of 44% at 25% moisture content was attained for manually powered machine. The estimated cost of the machine is N12,635.00. Journal of Applied Science, Engineering and Technology Vol. 3(2) 2003: 41-44
{"title":"Development of a combined manual and motorized operated palm nut cracker","authors":"A. Bamgboye, Oa Sadiku","doi":"10.4314/JASET.V3I2.38248","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/JASET.V3I2.38248","url":null,"abstract":"A combined motorized and manual powered palm-nut cracker was designed, fabricated and tested at different moisture contents. The machine was designed for an output capacity of 90.4Kg/hr. for motorized and 19.8Kg/hr. for manual power respectively. The features of the machine are hammers, cracking chamber, hopper, Spout, main frame, chain, sprocket, shafts and effort-arm. During testing, a maximum efficiency of 85% at 16% moisture content was attained for a motorized nut cracker at a speed of 1440rpm; while the efficiency of 44% at 25% moisture content was attained for manually powered machine. The estimated cost of the machine is N12,635.00. Journal of Applied Science, Engineering and Technology Vol. 3(2) 2003: 41-44","PeriodicalId":7884,"journal":{"name":"Andalasian International Journal of Applied Science, Engineering and Technology","volume":"136 1","pages":"41-44"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80503269","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2006-09-20DOI: 10.4314/JASET.V2I1.38258
A. O. Raji, J. Favier
No Abstract. Journal of Applied Science, Engineering and Technology Vol. 2(1) 2002: 7-12
没有抽象的。应用科学，工程技术Vol. 2(1) 2002: 7-12
{"title":"Discrete element modelling of the impact parameters of a selected fruit: application","authors":"A. O. Raji, J. Favier","doi":"10.4314/JASET.V2I1.38258","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/JASET.V2I1.38258","url":null,"abstract":"No Abstract. Journal of Applied Science, Engineering and Technology Vol. 2(1) 2002: 7-12","PeriodicalId":7884,"journal":{"name":"Andalasian International Journal of Applied Science, Engineering and Technology","volume":"8 1","pages":"7-12"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78266206","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2006-09-20DOI: 10.4314/JASET.V5I1.38293
Sb Hassan
Some refractory properties of Kankara clay, found in abundance in Kankara village of Katsina State, Nigeria blended with silicon carbide, for the production of refractory bricks for furnace lining has been investigated. 5 - 25% silicon carbide was used as blend to improve some refractory properties such as porosity, refractoriness, cold crushing strength and thermal shock resistance of the clay. Refractory properties measured included: Linear shrinkage, apparent porosity, bulk density, thermal shock resistance and cold crushing strength. Linear shrinkage and apparent porosity of the bricks made from the blend decreased with the percentage of silicon carbide added. These properties decreased from 7.25 to 2.20% and from 56.45 to 36.4% at 25% silicon carbide level respectively. The cold crushing strength and thermal shock resistance of the bricks increased as the percentage of silicon carbide added increased Keywords : Kankara clay, refractory properties, silicon carbide Journal of Applied Science, Engineering and Technology Vol. 5(1&2) 2005: 21-26
{"title":"Effects of silicon carbide on some refractory properties of Kankara clay","authors":"Sb Hassan","doi":"10.4314/JASET.V5I1.38293","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/JASET.V5I1.38293","url":null,"abstract":"Some refractory properties of Kankara clay, found in abundance in Kankara village of Katsina State, Nigeria blended with silicon carbide, for the production of refractory bricks for furnace lining has been investigated. 5 - 25% silicon carbide was used as blend to improve some refractory properties such as porosity, refractoriness, cold crushing strength and thermal shock resistance of the clay. Refractory properties measured included: Linear shrinkage, apparent porosity, bulk density, thermal shock resistance and cold crushing strength. Linear shrinkage and apparent porosity of the bricks made from the blend decreased with the percentage of silicon carbide added. These properties decreased from 7.25 to 2.20% and from 56.45 to 36.4% at 25% silicon carbide level respectively. The cold crushing strength and thermal shock resistance of the bricks increased as the percentage of silicon carbide added increased Keywords : Kankara clay, refractory properties, silicon carbide Journal of Applied Science, Engineering and Technology Vol. 5(1&2) 2005: 21-26","PeriodicalId":7884,"journal":{"name":"Andalasian International Journal of Applied Science, Engineering and Technology","volume":"16 1","pages":"21-26"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88353017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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