Pub Date : 2020-12-16DOI: 10.20884/1.JAP.2020.22.2.45
A. M. Fuah, A. Yani, R. Priyanto, B. P. Purwanto, Jefirstson Richset Riwukore, F. Habaora
Developing Bali cattle population in Timor Island, East Nusa Tenggara province carries a potential issue regarding cattle population. The objective of this research was to conduct an analysis and projection of the development of Bali cattle population in the agricultural ecosystem in Timor Island using system dynamics. The research was conducted from January to September 2018. The research location was determined purposively based on the characteristics of the agricultural ecosystem located in Kupang Regency and Kupang City. The research used 60 Bali cattle and involved 102 rancher respondents. Interviews and field observations were conducted to obtain primary and secondary data. Data analysis was done by building a system dynamics using Powersim and interpreting the simulation results for the next 30 years. The analysis results of the system dynamics showed that a declining population of Bali cattle over the next 19 or 25 years due to the ranchers' current behavior. The contributing factors included calf mortality that reached 29.6% per year; Bali cow mortality was up to 14.1% per year; calving interval was 22 months; traditional farm management that it is not economical; and the rate of livestock export reached 29.5% per year of the total population. Rancher management interventions and farm policies to reduce the inhibiting factors of cattle productivity are needed to maintain the population of Bali cattle in Timor Island, especially in the agricultural ecosystem.
{"title":"Analysis of the Development of Bali Cattle Population in Agriculture Ecosystem of Timor Island using System Dynamics","authors":"A. M. Fuah, A. Yani, R. Priyanto, B. P. Purwanto, Jefirstson Richset Riwukore, F. Habaora","doi":"10.20884/1.JAP.2020.22.2.45","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20884/1.JAP.2020.22.2.45","url":null,"abstract":"Developing Bali cattle population in Timor Island, East Nusa Tenggara province carries a potential issue regarding cattle population. The objective of this research was to conduct an analysis and projection of the development of Bali cattle population in the agricultural ecosystem in Timor Island using system dynamics. The research was conducted from January to September 2018. The research location was determined purposively based on the characteristics of the agricultural ecosystem located in Kupang Regency and Kupang City. The research used 60 Bali cattle and involved 102 rancher respondents. Interviews and field observations were conducted to obtain primary and secondary data. Data analysis was done by building a system dynamics using Powersim and interpreting the simulation results for the next 30 years. The analysis results of the system dynamics showed that a declining population of Bali cattle over the next 19 or 25 years due to the ranchers' current behavior. The contributing factors included calf mortality that reached 29.6% per year; Bali cow mortality was up to 14.1% per year; calving interval was 22 months; traditional farm management that it is not economical; and the rate of livestock export reached 29.5% per year of the total population. Rancher management interventions and farm policies to reduce the inhibiting factors of cattle productivity are needed to maintain the population of Bali cattle in Timor Island, especially in the agricultural ecosystem.","PeriodicalId":7887,"journal":{"name":"Animal production","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42180155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-16DOI: 10.20884/1.JAP.2020.22.2.48
M. Bata, M. Y. Sumaryadi, S. Rahayu, Nova Marung
The objectives of this research were the optimalization of production and reproduction of buffalo heifers through improving feed quality based on rice straw. Twelve heifer buffaloes with body weight of 243 – 350 kg were kept in individual cages and grouped to four. Each groups were randomized to receive three treatments of A, B and C according to Randomized Completely Block Design (RCBD). A was buffalo fed only rice straw. B was buffalo fed rice straw supplemented with concentrate with a dry matter ratio of 70:30. C was similar to B but the rice straw was ammoniated using urea of 4% ensiled with 8% of cassava pulp. In-Vitro test was conducted to measure rumen fermentation product. The results showed the highest of DM and OM digestibility was achieved at C treatment, while the lowest was found at A treatment. Rumen fermentation produsts and its efficiency were the highest in C treatment. In-vivo result showed that ADG of C was higher than that of B and A. Reproductive performance characterized by frequency oestrus for 123 days were an average of 2.5, 2.8 and 4.5 times for A, B and C, respectively. The highest blood metabolite of glucose, urea and erytrocyt was found at C but the leucocyt was lowest compared to A and B. Urea treated rice straw ensiled with cassava pulp and supplemented with concentrate can improve production and reproduction performance of heifer buffaloes.
{"title":"Improving Performance of Heifer Buffalos Fed with Urea-treated Rice Straw Ensiled with Cassava Pulp Supplemented with Concentrates","authors":"M. Bata, M. Y. Sumaryadi, S. Rahayu, Nova Marung","doi":"10.20884/1.JAP.2020.22.2.48","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20884/1.JAP.2020.22.2.48","url":null,"abstract":"The objectives of this research were the optimalization of production and reproduction of buffalo heifers through improving feed quality based on rice straw. Twelve heifer buffaloes with body weight of 243 – 350 kg were kept in individual cages and grouped to four. Each groups were randomized to receive three treatments of A, B and C according to Randomized Completely Block Design (RCBD). A was buffalo fed only rice straw. B was buffalo fed rice straw supplemented with concentrate with a dry matter ratio of 70:30. C was similar to B but the rice straw was ammoniated using urea of 4% ensiled with 8% of cassava pulp. In-Vitro test was conducted to measure rumen fermentation product. The results showed the highest of DM and OM digestibility was achieved at C treatment, while the lowest was found at A treatment. Rumen fermentation produsts and its efficiency were the highest in C treatment. In-vivo result showed that ADG of C was higher than that of B and A. Reproductive performance characterized by frequency oestrus for 123 days were an average of 2.5, 2.8 and 4.5 times for A, B and C, respectively. The highest blood metabolite of glucose, urea and erytrocyt was found at C but the leucocyt was lowest compared to A and B. Urea treated rice straw ensiled with cassava pulp and supplemented with concentrate can improve production and reproduction performance of heifer buffaloes.","PeriodicalId":7887,"journal":{"name":"Animal production","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41399215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-16DOI: 10.20884/1.JAP.2020.22.2.11
U. Lole, A. Keban
The determinant factors of the growth of calf cattle production in NTT Province (both technical/technological, economic, socio-cultural, investment, and related institutions) have not been specifically identified and measured. This is very important for the purpose of formulating and implementing related policies. The objectives of this study were to analyze the main factors affecting the level of calf production, and to formulate policy interventions to increase calf production. A research survey was carried out on parties related to the planning and development of cattle business. The quantitative approach is in the form of regression analysis of time series data. The economic phenomenon of calf production in Kupang Regency has been simplified into a mathematical model (response function). The result reported that the estimated value of the parameters in the total calf production equation model in NTT was: TPRAS= – 20434.1 + 0.2262 LTTSIP* – 0.0032 TLPRAns + 0.2147 TLLTP* + 0.1036 TPTRU* + 0.1877 TRKUT** + 0.2067TRDIB** + 0.1057 TRDVT** + 0.3647 LTPRAS* + 811.7645 TREND**. In conclusionl, the increased production of calves was dependent on the increase in support for the main production factors [number of productive cows, number of farmers, amount of feed, and amount of cement/vaccine] adequatly. Policy investment (through interest rates and realization farming loans), policy of productive cows control (through postponement of slaughter and the provision cash incentives), and policy of technology support (through realization AI doses of semen and livestock vaccines) significantly affect to production of calves.
{"title":"Policies to Increase Calves Production in East Nusa Tenggara as a National Production Center","authors":"U. Lole, A. Keban","doi":"10.20884/1.JAP.2020.22.2.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20884/1.JAP.2020.22.2.11","url":null,"abstract":"The determinant factors of the growth of calf cattle production in NTT Province (both technical/technological, economic, socio-cultural, investment, and related institutions) have not been specifically identified and measured. This is very important for the purpose of formulating and implementing related policies. The objectives of this study were to analyze the main factors affecting the level of calf production, and to formulate policy interventions to increase calf production. A research survey was carried out on parties related to the planning and development of cattle business. The quantitative approach is in the form of regression analysis of time series data. The economic phenomenon of calf production in Kupang Regency has been simplified into a mathematical model (response function). The result reported that the estimated value of the parameters in the total calf production equation model in NTT was: TPRAS= – 20434.1 + 0.2262 LTTSIP* – 0.0032 TLPRAns + 0.2147 TLLTP* + 0.1036 TPTRU* + 0.1877 TRKUT** + 0.2067TRDIB** + 0.1057 TRDVT** + 0.3647 LTPRAS* + 811.7645 TREND**. In conclusionl, the increased production of calves was dependent on the increase in support for the main production factors [number of productive cows, number of farmers, amount of feed, and amount of cement/vaccine] adequatly. Policy investment (through interest rates and realization farming loans), policy of productive cows control (through postponement of slaughter and the provision cash incentives), and policy of technology support (through realization AI doses of semen and livestock vaccines) significantly affect to production of calves.","PeriodicalId":7887,"journal":{"name":"Animal production","volume":"22 1","pages":"98-104"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41697810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-16DOI: 10.20884/1.JAP.2020.22.2.34
A. N. Syamsi, H. S. Widodo
The present study inventoried the protein-energy synchronization (PES) index of various types of grass. The study was conducted using in vitro techniques with material 5 types of grass (elephant, king, dwarf elephant, guinea, and setaria) and rumen fluid of the Friesian Holstein (FH). The PES index is calculated based on the average degradation of g protein and Kg organic matter (OM) per hour at the time of observation of 2nd, 4th, 6th, 8th, 12th, 24th, 48th, and 72nd hours. The hourly degradation rates were analyzed by linear regression to obtain the average hourly degradation rate. The results were included in the PES index calculation formula and discussed descriptively. This study found that all five grass had almost uniform nutritional value. Regression analysis results show a different equation, but with a high coefficient of determination (> 90%) on all types of grass. The PES index obtained in elephant, king, dwarf elephant, guinea, and setaria grass are 0.72, 0.66, 0.69, 0.58, and 0.68. The study concluded that elephant grass has a PES index at a high level, while king, dwarf elephant, guinea, and setaria grass at medium level for compiling dairy rations.
{"title":"Synchronization Protein-Energy Index of Various Forages for Dairy Livestock: an In Vitro Study","authors":"A. N. Syamsi, H. S. Widodo","doi":"10.20884/1.JAP.2020.22.2.34","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20884/1.JAP.2020.22.2.34","url":null,"abstract":"The present study inventoried the protein-energy synchronization (PES) index of various types of grass. The study was conducted using in vitro techniques with material 5 types of grass (elephant, king, dwarf elephant, guinea, and setaria) and rumen fluid of the Friesian Holstein (FH). The PES index is calculated based on the average degradation of g protein and Kg organic matter (OM) per hour at the time of observation of 2nd, 4th, 6th, 8th, 12th, 24th, 48th, and 72nd hours. The hourly degradation rates were analyzed by linear regression to obtain the average hourly degradation rate. The results were included in the PES index calculation formula and discussed descriptively. This study found that all five grass had almost uniform nutritional value. Regression analysis results show a different equation, but with a high coefficient of determination (> 90%) on all types of grass. The PES index obtained in elephant, king, dwarf elephant, guinea, and setaria grass are 0.72, 0.66, 0.69, 0.58, and 0.68. The study concluded that elephant grass has a PES index at a high level, while king, dwarf elephant, guinea, and setaria grass at medium level for compiling dairy rations.","PeriodicalId":7887,"journal":{"name":"Animal production","volume":"22 1","pages":"92-97"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41720555","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-16DOI: 10.20884/1.JAP.2020.22.2.50
Z. Zulfan, H. Latif, C. A. Fitri, Evi Aswita
In rearing quails, many attempts have been done to reduce feed cost among other things by replacing partly commercial diet with numerous alternative feed sources such as crab waste meal (CWM), leubim fish (Canthidermis maculata) waste meal (LFWM), and broken rice grains (BRG). The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of using a mixture feeds composed of CWM + LFWM + BRG as a substitute for commercial laying chicken diets on the quality of quail eggs. This research was conducted at the Field Laboratory of Animal Husbandry and the Laboratory of Poultry Production Science, Syiah Kuala University. This study used 80 female quails (Coturnix-coturnix japonica) females aged 4 weeks. The treatment was feeding quails with the commercial diet of laying hen (324-1M) of which 0, 10, 20, and 30% of the diets was substituted by the mixture feeds composed of CWM + LFWM + BRG. The study was performed into block randomized design (BRD) consisting of 4 treatments and 4 replicate blocks. The blocks were established based on the different initial body weights of 4-week ages of female quails. Each treatment was an experimental unit consisting of 5 female quails each. The measured parameters were Yolk Index (YI), yolk color, Albumen Index (AI), eggshell thickness, and egg weight. The results of the study indicated that using up to 30% mixture feeds composed of 7,5% CWM + 9,1% LFWM + 13,4% BRG as a substitute for commercial laying chicken diets most significantly increased yolk index and yolk color of quail eggs. However, the albumen index, eggshell thickness, and egg weight were not significantly affected.
{"title":"Effect of Feeding Quails with Mixture Feeds Composed of Crab Waste Meal, Leubim Fish Waste Meal, and Broken Rice Grains as Partly Substitution of Commercial Diet on Egg Quality","authors":"Z. Zulfan, H. Latif, C. A. Fitri, Evi Aswita","doi":"10.20884/1.JAP.2020.22.2.50","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20884/1.JAP.2020.22.2.50","url":null,"abstract":"In rearing quails, many attempts have been done to reduce feed cost among other things by replacing partly commercial diet with numerous alternative feed sources such as crab waste meal (CWM), leubim fish (Canthidermis maculata) waste meal (LFWM), and broken rice grains (BRG). The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of using a mixture feeds composed of CWM + LFWM + BRG as a substitute for commercial laying chicken diets on the quality of quail eggs. This research was conducted at the Field Laboratory of Animal Husbandry and the Laboratory of Poultry Production Science, Syiah Kuala University. This study used 80 female quails (Coturnix-coturnix japonica) females aged 4 weeks. The treatment was feeding quails with the commercial diet of laying hen (324-1M) of which 0, 10, 20, and 30% of the diets was substituted by the mixture feeds composed of CWM + LFWM + BRG. The study was performed into block randomized design (BRD) consisting of 4 treatments and 4 replicate blocks. The blocks were established based on the different initial body weights of 4-week ages of female quails. Each treatment was an experimental unit consisting of 5 female quails each. The measured parameters were Yolk Index (YI), yolk color, Albumen Index (AI), eggshell thickness, and egg weight. The results of the study indicated that using up to 30% mixture feeds composed of 7,5% CWM + 9,1% LFWM + 13,4% BRG as a substitute for commercial laying chicken diets most significantly increased yolk index and yolk color of quail eggs. However, the albumen index, eggshell thickness, and egg weight were not significantly affected.","PeriodicalId":7887,"journal":{"name":"Animal production","volume":"22 1","pages":"82-91"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49450891","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-09-17DOI: 10.20884/1.JAP.2020.22.1.3
Isabelle Beatrice Mukandungutse, J. K. Tuitoek, A. Kingori, M. Obonyo
Poultry is susceptible to mycotoxicoses caused by aflatoxins. Two experiments were carried out, where twenty-four, 28days old and 144 one-day-old broilers were assigned to six diets respectively. The diets were: diet1 (no aflatoxin and not fermented), diet2 (no aflatoxin and fermented without yeast), diet3 (no aflatoxin and fermented with yeast), diet4 (contained aflatoxin and not fermented), diet5 (contained aflatoxin and fermented without yeast) and diet6 (contained aflatoxin fermented with yeast). The aflatoxins were 20.034 and 30.08ppb for the first and second experiments respectively. In the first experiment, each diet was assigned to 4 chickens for 7days adaptation and 7days for feces and leftover collection. The feces were oven dried for the determination of dry matter digestibility (DMD), metabolizable energy (ME) and nitrogen (MN). In the second experiment, each diet was assigned to six chicks, replicated 4 times for 21days. Leftovers and mortalities were recorded daily and chicks were weighed on a weekly basis. The results showed that DMD and MN were significantly (p<0.05) affected by fermentation. Natural fermentation improved DMD of the clean and contaminated diets. No difference found in feed intake and body weight gain. However, gain: feed ratio was significantly (p=0.048) better in broilers fed diets fermented naturally. The mortality rate was 75.0% in chicks fed on aflatoxin diet which was not fermented. Therefore, natural fermentation is the best method of improving the quality of aflatoxin contaminated feed for broilers.
{"title":"The Effect of Fermented Aflatoxins Contaminated Feed on Digestibility and Performance of Broiler Chickens","authors":"Isabelle Beatrice Mukandungutse, J. K. Tuitoek, A. Kingori, M. Obonyo","doi":"10.20884/1.JAP.2020.22.1.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20884/1.JAP.2020.22.1.3","url":null,"abstract":"Poultry is susceptible to mycotoxicoses caused by aflatoxins. Two experiments were carried out, where twenty-four, 28days old and 144 one-day-old broilers were assigned to six diets respectively. The diets were: diet1 (no aflatoxin and not fermented), diet2 (no aflatoxin and fermented without yeast), diet3 (no aflatoxin and fermented with yeast), diet4 (contained aflatoxin and not fermented), diet5 (contained aflatoxin and fermented without yeast) and diet6 (contained aflatoxin fermented with yeast). The aflatoxins were 20.034 and 30.08ppb for the first and second experiments respectively. In the first experiment, each diet was assigned to 4 chickens for 7days adaptation and 7days for feces and leftover collection. The feces were oven dried for the determination of dry matter digestibility (DMD), metabolizable energy (ME) and nitrogen (MN). In the second experiment, each diet was assigned to six chicks, replicated 4 times for 21days. Leftovers and mortalities were recorded daily and chicks were weighed on a weekly basis. The results showed that DMD and MN were significantly (p<0.05) affected by fermentation. Natural fermentation improved DMD of the clean and contaminated diets. No difference found in feed intake and body weight gain. However, gain: feed ratio was significantly (p=0.048) better in broilers fed diets fermented naturally. The mortality rate was 75.0% in chicks fed on aflatoxin diet which was not fermented. Therefore, natural fermentation is the best method of improving the quality of aflatoxin contaminated feed for broilers.","PeriodicalId":7887,"journal":{"name":"Animal production","volume":"22 1","pages":"55-60"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44038365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Blitar District is one of the areas that has potential in developing laying hens. However, laying hens in Blitar are still traditionally carried out and have not paid attention to aspects of effectiveness and efficiency economically. The purpose of the study was to find out the profile of farmer , test the level of farmer productivity and examine the effect of socio-economic factors (the age of farmer, education level, length of livestock raising and number of livestock) on labor productivity in laying hens in Blitar District. The study used a survey method with a sample of 22 sub-districts in Blitar District. The determination of the number of sub-districts was chosen using the purposive sampling method, so that 6 sub-districts were selected. Respondents were selected by the quota sampling method of 10 farmer in each selected region. Data collected were analyzed descriptively and statistically. To find out the social influence on productivity, classical assumption was tested and multiple linear regression tests. Based on the results of the study, the profile of laying hens in Blitar District carried out traditional farming systems with livestock ownership including high categories that had heterogeneous socio-economic status. Furthermore, labor productivity of laying hens in Blitar District is quite effective and efficient, because the value is greater than the minimum wage (UMR) of Blitar District. Age of farmers, education of farmers, and number of livestock have a significant influence on the productivity of laying hens farmers in Blitar District.
{"title":"The Influence of Socio-Economic Factors on The Productivity of Farmers in The Business of Layers in Blitar Regency","authors":"Dwiki Alfikriyadi Lutfi, Sumarji Sumarji, Ahsin Daroni","doi":"10.20884/1.JAP.2020.22.1.17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20884/1.JAP.2020.22.1.17","url":null,"abstract":"Blitar District is one of the areas that has potential in developing laying hens. However, laying hens in Blitar are still traditionally carried out and have not paid attention to aspects of effectiveness and efficiency economically. The purpose of the study was to find out the profile of farmer , test the level of farmer productivity and examine the effect of socio-economic factors (the age of farmer, education level, length of livestock raising and number of livestock) on labor productivity in laying hens in Blitar District. The study used a survey method with a sample of 22 sub-districts in Blitar District. The determination of the number of sub-districts was chosen using the purposive sampling method, so that 6 sub-districts were selected. Respondents were selected by the quota sampling method of 10 farmer in each selected region. Data collected were analyzed descriptively and statistically. To find out the social influence on productivity, classical assumption was tested and multiple linear regression tests. Based on the results of the study, the profile of laying hens in Blitar District carried out traditional farming systems with livestock ownership including high categories that had heterogeneous socio-economic status. Furthermore, labor productivity of laying hens in Blitar District is quite effective and efficient, because the value is greater than the minimum wage (UMR) of Blitar District. Age of farmers, education of farmers, and number of livestock have a significant influence on the productivity of laying hens farmers in Blitar District.","PeriodicalId":7887,"journal":{"name":"Animal production","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46599636","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-08-14DOI: 10.20884/1.jap.2020.22.1.44
Zulfanita Zulfanita, Roisu Eny Mudawaroch, J. Wibawanti
This research aimed to compare the characteristics of free-range eggs consumers, to analyse their buying decision process and consumer satisfaction level, and to formulate the implication on free-range marketing mix across wholesalers and retailers in Purworejo districts. The research sample was 32 respondents, consisted of 16 wholesalers and 16 retailers selected with purposive sampling because of the limited number of respondents in each sub-district. The consumers were selected through snowball sampling from one respondent to another. The parameters included the general characteristics, the decision to buy free-range eggs, consumers’ satisfaction level, and marketing mix implications. The Data were analysed descriptively using Chi-Square, Mann-Whitney Customer Satisfaction Index (CSI), and Importance and Performance Analysis (IPA). The result found different characteristics across consumers of free-range eggs in both wholesalers and retailers regarding age group, marital status, education background, gender, occupation, and geographic locations. The different process of buying decision making was due to need identification. Regarding gathering information, the wholesaler consumers relied on electronic media and their neighbours, whereas the retailer consumers only from their neighbours. The main consideration to purchase free-range eggs among wholesaler consumers was the cleanliness of eggs, whereas the retailer consumers were the cleanliness and price of eggs. The consumer satisfaction index on consumers in wholesalers and retailers was 65.16 and 68.82, respectively, indicative of the satisfied category. The marketing mix implication on both sellers was improving the cleanliness of free-range eggs and the market area, matching selling price with the market price, controlling the quality of free-range eggs from the suppliers, and revisiting the supply system to ensure the real-time availability of free-range eggs.
{"title":"Analysis of Decision Process to Buy Free-Range Eggs and the Implication on Marketing Mix (A Case Study to Wholesalers and Retailers Consumers in Traditional Markets in Purworejo District)","authors":"Zulfanita Zulfanita, Roisu Eny Mudawaroch, J. Wibawanti","doi":"10.20884/1.jap.2020.22.1.44","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20884/1.jap.2020.22.1.44","url":null,"abstract":"This research aimed to compare the characteristics of free-range eggs consumers, to analyse their buying decision process and consumer satisfaction level, and to formulate the implication on free-range marketing mix across wholesalers and retailers in Purworejo districts. The research sample was 32 respondents, consisted of 16 wholesalers and 16 retailers selected with purposive sampling because of the limited number of respondents in each sub-district. The consumers were selected through snowball sampling from one respondent to another. The parameters included the general characteristics, the decision to buy free-range eggs, consumers’ satisfaction level, and marketing mix implications. The Data were analysed descriptively using Chi-Square, Mann-Whitney Customer Satisfaction Index (CSI), and Importance and Performance Analysis (IPA). The result found different characteristics across consumers of free-range eggs in both wholesalers and retailers regarding age group, marital status, education background, gender, occupation, and geographic locations. The different process of buying decision making was due to need identification. Regarding gathering information, the wholesaler consumers relied on electronic media and their neighbours, whereas the retailer consumers only from their neighbours. The main consideration to purchase free-range eggs among wholesaler consumers was the cleanliness of eggs, whereas the retailer consumers were the cleanliness and price of eggs. The consumer satisfaction index on consumers in wholesalers and retailers was 65.16 and 68.82, respectively, indicative of the satisfied category. The marketing mix implication on both sellers was improving the cleanliness of free-range eggs and the market area, matching selling price with the market price, controlling the quality of free-range eggs from the suppliers, and revisiting the supply system to ensure the real-time availability of free-range eggs.","PeriodicalId":7887,"journal":{"name":"Animal production","volume":"22 1","pages":"37-43"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41467334","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-06DOI: 10.20884/1.jap.2020.22.1.36
L. Rumokoy, Hengky J. Kiroh, I. M. Untu, G. Assa, Santie H. Turangan, W. L. Toar
This experiment aimed to reveal the effect of serum G-antigen of M. domesticainsect larvae (LAS) as promoter antigen on serum immunoglobulin production in organically managed goat livestock. This study used 12 local goats which were divided into two groups: as a control group and treated group receiving treatment. Insect rearing was conducted to obtain the larvae, the antigen-G was then extracted from the larvae to be used as promoter antigen to enhance the serum antibody production which was subcutaneously immunized in experimental goats and incubated for a period of 14 days. Blood collection of 2.5 ml was taken through the jugular vein and then carried out a quantification of serum protein level indicating the antibody proportion of goats. The data of the LSA extract proportion level were statistically analyzed with t-test, and the quality classification level of serum immunoglobulin of animal groups were statistically analysed. The results showed that the serum of animal treated with LSA of M. domesticaresulted in a higher level of immunoglobulin (P <0.01) compared to the control. We conclude that the antigen-g substance (LSA) could support the efforts to improve the production of organic goat livestock by increasing the total level of antibodies circulating in the blood.
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Pub Date : 2020-07-06DOI: 10.20884/1.jap.2020.22.1.38
O. Sjofjan, Danung Nur Adli, I. H. Djunaidi, Kuncoro Kuncoro
The research was aimed to evaluate the effect of biogas liquid waste as a fermentation starter of rice husk to the nutrient content, gross energy and bulk density. The method used laboratory experiment using a completely randomized design (CRD) on factorial pattern (6 x 5) with the level of biogas waste liquid : P0-treatment (0% negative control), P0+ (Cellulomonas sp as positive control), P1 (5%), P2 (10%), P3 (15%), P4 (20%) ml/g, and the incubation time : T0 (0 day control ), T1(7 days), T2 (14 days), T3 (21 days) and T4 (28 days). The variables measured was the content of ash, crude protein, crude fiber, crude fat, gross energy and bulk density. Data were analyzed by analysis of variance (anova) CRD Factorial pattern and if there is a significant difference was followed by Duncan's Multiple Range Test. The results of research was the level of biogas liquid waste and the incubation time provides a significant influence (P<0.01) on the nutrient content, gross energy and bulk density of rice husk. The interaction level liquid waste provision of biogas and incubation time was highly significant (P<0.01) on the nutrient content, gross energy and bulk density. It can be concluded that the addition of biogas liquid waste 15% (ml/g) with a time of incubation for 21 days have best rice husk quality content based on improvement of crude protein, crude fat, and gross energy with lowest crude fiber.
本研究旨在评价沼气废液作为稻壳发酵剂对稻壳营养成分、总能量和容重的影响。该方法采用实验室实验，采用完全随机设计（CRD）析因模式（6 x 5），沼气废液水平为：P0处理（0%阴性对照）、P0+（阳性对照）、P1（5%）、P2（10%）、P3（15%）、P4（20%）ml/g，孵育时间为：T0（0天对照）、T1（7天）、T2（14天）、T3（21天）和T4（28天）。测量的变量是灰分、粗蛋白质、粗纤维、粗脂肪、总能量和堆积密度的含量。通过方差分析（anova）CRD因子模式对数据进行分析，如果存在显著差异，则进行邓肯多程检验。研究结果表明，沼液废弃物的水平和培养时间对稻壳的营养成分、总能量和容重有显著影响（P<0.01）。液体废弃物提供沼气的交互作用水平和培养时间对养分含量、总能量和体积密度具有高度显著性（P<0.01）。结果表明，添加15%（ml/g）的沼液，培养21天，在提高粗蛋白、粗脂肪和总能量的基础上，以最低的粗纤维，具有最佳的稻壳质量含量。
{"title":"Utilization of Biogas Liquid Waste For Starter In The Fermentation of Rice Husk As A Potential Feed For Poultry","authors":"O. Sjofjan, Danung Nur Adli, I. H. Djunaidi, Kuncoro Kuncoro","doi":"10.20884/1.jap.2020.22.1.38","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20884/1.jap.2020.22.1.38","url":null,"abstract":"The research was aimed to evaluate the effect of biogas liquid waste as a fermentation starter of rice husk to the nutrient content, gross energy and bulk density. The method used laboratory experiment using a completely randomized design (CRD) on factorial pattern (6 x 5) with the level of biogas waste liquid : P0-treatment (0% negative control), P0+ (Cellulomonas sp as positive control), P1 (5%), P2 (10%), P3 (15%), P4 (20%) ml/g, and the incubation time : T0 (0 day control ), T1(7 days), T2 (14 days), T3 (21 days) and T4 (28 days). The variables measured was the content of ash, crude protein, crude fiber, crude fat, gross energy and bulk density. Data were analyzed by analysis of variance (anova) CRD Factorial pattern and if there is a significant difference was followed by Duncan's Multiple Range Test. The results of research was the level of biogas liquid waste and the incubation time provides a significant influence (P<0.01) on the nutrient content, gross energy and bulk density of rice husk. The interaction level liquid waste provision of biogas and incubation time was highly significant (P<0.01) on the nutrient content, gross energy and bulk density. It can be concluded that the addition of biogas liquid waste 15% (ml/g) with a time of incubation for 21 days have best rice husk quality content based on improvement of crude protein, crude fat, and gross energy with lowest crude fiber.","PeriodicalId":7887,"journal":{"name":"Animal production","volume":"22 1","pages":"24-30"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45252856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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