Pub Date : 2022-11-30DOI: 10.20884/1.jap.2022.24.3.179
S. M. Pratama, S. Wajizah, A. Jayanegara, S. Samadi
This experiment aimed to evaluate chemical composition, in vitro rumen fermentation, digestibility, and methane emissions of forages including bede grass, gamal (Gliricidia sepium), Indigofera, lamtoro (Leucaena leucocephala), elephant grass, mini elephant grass and Thai elephant grass. Forage samples were dried at 60oC for 24 hours, then ground to 1 mm sieve. The ground samples were used subsequently to determine the chemical composition and in vitro rumen fermentation test. Incubation was carried out in a water bath at 39oC for 48 h without replication. The results showed that all forages contained various crude protein at a range of 9-20% DM. The proportion of neutral detergent insoluble CP (NDICP) and acid detergent insoluble CP (ADICP) in forage was generally low, but the highest was found in bede grass. The highest NH3 concentration was found in Indigofera incubation, and lowest was in bede grass. All forage samples, except for mini elephant grass and Indigofera, had IVDMD and IVOMD below 70%. We identified low methane emissions from forage at 48 hours of incubation. It was concluded that legumes had a higher crude protein than in grass species and had low methane emissions. However, the relatively low digestibility of legume may limit its utilization.
{"title":"Evaluation of Some Forage as Feed for Ruminant Animal: Chemical Composition, In Vitro Rumen Fermentation, and Methane Emissions","authors":"S. M. Pratama, S. Wajizah, A. Jayanegara, S. Samadi","doi":"10.20884/1.jap.2022.24.3.179","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20884/1.jap.2022.24.3.179","url":null,"abstract":"This experiment aimed to evaluate chemical composition, in vitro rumen fermentation, digestibility, and methane emissions of forages including bede grass, gamal (Gliricidia sepium), Indigofera, lamtoro (Leucaena leucocephala), elephant grass, mini elephant grass and Thai elephant grass. Forage samples were dried at 60oC for 24 hours, then ground to 1 mm sieve. The ground samples were used subsequently to determine the chemical composition and in vitro rumen fermentation test. Incubation was carried out in a water bath at 39oC for 48 h without replication. The results showed that all forages contained various crude protein at a range of 9-20% DM. The proportion of neutral detergent insoluble CP (NDICP) and acid detergent insoluble CP (ADICP) in forage was generally low, but the highest was found in bede grass. The highest NH3 concentration was found in Indigofera incubation, and lowest was in bede grass. All forage samples, except for mini elephant grass and Indigofera, had IVDMD and IVOMD below 70%. We identified low methane emissions from forage at 48 hours of incubation. It was concluded that legumes had a higher crude protein than in grass species and had low methane emissions. However, the relatively low digestibility of legume may limit its utilization.","PeriodicalId":7887,"journal":{"name":"Animal production","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41605130","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-30DOI: 10.20884/1.jap.2022.24.3.174
Inggita Leli Murtika, D. Wulandari, Fitria Ella Wardani, A. Furqon, W. A. Septian, T. E. Susilorini, S. Suyadi
Morphometric characterization is the basis of conservation strategies, performance improvement, breeding, and sustainable utilization plan. The purpose of this research was to determine the morphometrics of the Kacang Goats at the fishpond area in Sidoarjo Regency based on different ages and sex. The fishpond area in Sidoarjo is a closed area where goats are raised and have the potential for inbreeding with the consequence of smaller-sized offspring than normal. Morphometric measurements included the head, ears, neck, body, legs, tail, and horns. This research used a descriptive analysis approach, presenting data in form of mean, standard deviation, and coefficient of variation. The result showed that the average face length of male vs. female Kacang goats was 16.73 ± 2.40 cm vs. 19.68 ± 2.44 cm; with a face width of 11.25 ± 2.91 cm vs. 19.52 ± 3.18 cm; ear length of 14.62 ± 1.38 cm vs. 16.46 ± 1.47 cm; neck length of 15.53 ± 2.65 cm vs. 15.35 ± 2.14 cm; horn length of 7.41 ± 4.10 cm vs. 6.59 ± 2.89 cm; chest circumference of 59.33 ± 8.18 cm vs. 67.80 ± 6.32 cm; body length of 51.45 ± 6.70 cm vs. 56.91 ± 6.54 cm; body height of 54.41 ± 7.22 cm vs. 62.01 ± 5.53 cm; tail length of 13.21 ± 2.01 cm vs. 14.77 ± 3.37 cm; hind leg length of 39.20 ± 5.26 cm vs. 47.74 ± 5.47 cm; and front leg length of 37.00 ± 8.84 cm vs. 44.63 ± 8.65 cm. This research concludes that Kacang Goats in Sidoarjo has characteristics according to SNI standard, and the morphometric size was larger in female than male goats.
形态计量学特征是保护策略、性能改进、育种和可持续利用计划的基础。本研究的目的是根据不同的年龄和性别，确定西多阿若县鱼塘地区卡仓山羊的形态计量学特征。Sidoarjo的鱼塘区域是一个封闭的区域，山羊在这里饲养，有可能近亲繁殖，结果是后代比正常情况下更小。形态测量包括头、耳朵、脖子、身体、腿、尾巴和角。本研究采用描述性分析方法，以平均值、标准差和变异系数的形式呈现数据。结果表明:卡仓山羊公、母平均面长分别为16.73±2.40 cm和19.68±2.44 cm;面宽分别为11.25±2.91 cm vs. 19.52±3.18 cm;耳长14.62±1.38 cm vs. 16.46±1.47 cm;颈长15.53±2.65 cm vs. 15.35±2.14 cm;角长7.41±4.10 cm vs. 6.59±2.89 cm;胸围59.33±8.18 cm vs. 67.80±6.32 cm;体长51.45±6.70 cm vs. 56.91±6.54 cm;体高54.41±7.22 cm vs. 62.01±5.53 cm;尾长分别为13.21±2.01 cm和14.77±3.37 cm;后腿长分别为39.20±5.26 cm和47.74±5.47 cm;前腿长分别为37.00±8.84 cm和44.63±8.65 cm。本研究认为，西多阿若加苍山羊具有SNI标准的特征，母山羊的形态计量尺寸大于公山羊。
{"title":"Body and Head Morphometric of Kacang Goat under Semi Intensive Management at Fishpond Area in Sidoarjo Regency, Indonesia","authors":"Inggita Leli Murtika, D. Wulandari, Fitria Ella Wardani, A. Furqon, W. A. Septian, T. E. Susilorini, S. Suyadi","doi":"10.20884/1.jap.2022.24.3.174","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20884/1.jap.2022.24.3.174","url":null,"abstract":"Morphometric characterization is the basis of conservation strategies, performance improvement, breeding, and sustainable utilization plan. The purpose of this research was to determine the morphometrics of the Kacang Goats at the fishpond area in Sidoarjo Regency based on different ages and sex. The fishpond area in Sidoarjo is a closed area where goats are raised and have the potential for inbreeding with the consequence of smaller-sized offspring than normal. Morphometric measurements included the head, ears, neck, body, legs, tail, and horns. This research used a descriptive analysis approach, presenting data in form of mean, standard deviation, and coefficient of variation. The result showed that the average face length of male vs. female Kacang goats was 16.73 ± 2.40 cm vs. 19.68 ± 2.44 cm; with a face width of 11.25 ± 2.91 cm vs. 19.52 ± 3.18 cm; ear length of 14.62 ± 1.38 cm vs. 16.46 ± 1.47 cm; neck length of 15.53 ± 2.65 cm vs. 15.35 ± 2.14 cm; horn length of 7.41 ± 4.10 cm vs. 6.59 ± 2.89 cm; chest circumference of 59.33 ± 8.18 cm vs. 67.80 ± 6.32 cm; body length of 51.45 ± 6.70 cm vs. 56.91 ± 6.54 cm; body height of 54.41 ± 7.22 cm vs. 62.01 ± 5.53 cm; tail length of 13.21 ± 2.01 cm vs. 14.77 ± 3.37 cm; hind leg length of 39.20 ± 5.26 cm vs. 47.74 ± 5.47 cm; and front leg length of 37.00 ± 8.84 cm vs. 44.63 ± 8.65 cm. This research concludes that Kacang Goats in Sidoarjo has characteristics according to SNI standard, and the morphometric size was larger in female than male goats.","PeriodicalId":7887,"journal":{"name":"Animal production","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41876179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-30DOI: 10.20884/1.jap.2022.24.3.40
W. Suryapratama, F. M. Suhartati
This study aimed to evaluate the decreasing methane gas production in sheep by supplementing Moringa oleifera extract in the ration. The study was conducted in a Completely Randomized Design with One Way Classification. The treatment of Moringa oleifera extract was offered at 0, 0.25 and 0.50% of DM ration, each with six replicates, which constitutes 18 treatment units. The materials included ruminal fluid of three freshly slaughtered thin-tailed sheep derived from an abattoir in Banyumas Central Java. Moringa oleifera leaves were oven-dried at 60ºC for 2 x 24 h, ground into powder, and extracted using ethanol. The ration consisted of concentrate and ammoniated rice straw with a ratio of 60:40 (DM basis). The concentrate was composed of 2:1 rice bran and coconut meal. The measured variables included total protozoa, methane gas production, total bacteria, N-NH3 concentration, and protein synthesis of ruminal fluid. The result indicated 0.50% Moringa oleifera extract (DM basis) produced the lowest total protozoa, the highest total bacteria and protein microbe synthesis, and the lowest methane gas production.
{"title":"Reduction in Methane Productions from Sheep by Supplemented of Moringa oleifera Leaf Extract in The Ration","authors":"W. Suryapratama, F. M. Suhartati","doi":"10.20884/1.jap.2022.24.3.40","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20884/1.jap.2022.24.3.40","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed to evaluate the decreasing methane gas production in sheep by supplementing Moringa oleifera extract in the ration. The study was conducted in a Completely Randomized Design with One Way Classification. The treatment of Moringa oleifera extract was offered at 0, 0.25 and 0.50% of DM ration, each with six replicates, which constitutes 18 treatment units. The materials included ruminal fluid of three freshly slaughtered thin-tailed sheep derived from an abattoir in Banyumas Central Java. Moringa oleifera leaves were oven-dried at 60ºC for 2 x 24 h, ground into powder, and extracted using ethanol. The ration consisted of concentrate and ammoniated rice straw with a ratio of 60:40 (DM basis). The concentrate was composed of 2:1 rice bran and coconut meal. The measured variables included total protozoa, methane gas production, total bacteria, N-NH3 concentration, and protein synthesis of ruminal fluid. The result indicated 0.50% Moringa oleifera extract (DM basis) produced the lowest total protozoa, the highest total bacteria and protein microbe synthesis, and the lowest methane gas production.","PeriodicalId":7887,"journal":{"name":"Animal production","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43699935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-30DOI: 10.20884/1.jap.2022.24.3.168
Dixie GE Mendoza, L. Purnamasari, Joseph P. Olarve, J. D. dela Cruz
A four-week feeding trial was conducted to determine the effect of liquid toxin binder supplementation on the production performance of broiler chickens. A total of 400 seven-day-old Cobb broiler chicks were randomly distributed to four treatments following a Complete Randomized Design (CRD). The treatment groups consisted of the control group, continuous liquid toxin binder supplementation, reduced feed toxin binder inclusion, continuous liquid toxin binder supplementation, and intermittent liquid toxin binder supplementation. Each treatment was replicated four times with 25 chicks per replicate. The feeding trial was conducted from the age of 8th to 35th days of age. The acidifier used was a blend of activated charcoal, selenium, vitamin E, probiotics, prebiotics, mannan oligosaccharides, and bacterial cell wall components. The results showed significant effects (P<0.05) on the broilers' body weight gain, average daily gain, and feed efficiency from 8 to 14 days of age. Income over feed, chick, and medication cost of broilers was increased with continuous supplementation of liquid toxin binder and reduced feed toxin binder. This study indicates that continuous supplementation of liquid toxin binder and reducing the feed toxin binder is economically more advantageous to use in broiler production.
{"title":"Effects of Toxin Binder Supplementation via Drinking Water on The Growth Performance of Broiler Chickens","authors":"Dixie GE Mendoza, L. Purnamasari, Joseph P. Olarve, J. D. dela Cruz","doi":"10.20884/1.jap.2022.24.3.168","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20884/1.jap.2022.24.3.168","url":null,"abstract":"A four-week feeding trial was conducted to determine the effect of liquid toxin binder supplementation on the production performance of broiler chickens. A total of 400 seven-day-old Cobb broiler chicks were randomly distributed to four treatments following a Complete Randomized Design (CRD). The treatment groups consisted of the control group, continuous liquid toxin binder supplementation, reduced feed toxin binder inclusion, continuous liquid toxin binder supplementation, and intermittent liquid toxin binder supplementation. Each treatment was replicated four times with 25 chicks per replicate. The feeding trial was conducted from the age of 8th to 35th days of age. The acidifier used was a blend of activated charcoal, selenium, vitamin E, probiotics, prebiotics, mannan oligosaccharides, and bacterial cell wall components. The results showed significant effects (P<0.05) on the broilers' body weight gain, average daily gain, and feed efficiency from 8 to 14 days of age. Income over feed, chick, and medication cost of broilers was increased with continuous supplementation of liquid toxin binder and reduced feed toxin binder. This study indicates that continuous supplementation of liquid toxin binder and reducing the feed toxin binder is economically more advantageous to use in broiler production.","PeriodicalId":7887,"journal":{"name":"Animal production","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47899954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-11DOI: 10.20884/1.jap.2022.24.2.144
D. P. Hadiani, M. N. Ihsan, P. Surjowardojo, B. Nugroho
The purpose of this study was to analyze the direct and indirect effect of cooperative partnerships,farmer participation and cooperative performance on farmer’s income. This research method was carried outby distributing questionnaires to 164 farmers as research respondents in Kemiri village who were activemembers of the Agroniaga Cooperative Jabung. The research variables were X1 (cooperative partnership), X2(farmers participation), Y1 (cooperative performance), Y2 (farmer's income). The data obtained were analyzedby path analysis using SPSS. The results show that 1) cooperative partnerships have a significant effect directlyon the cooperative performance at 0.533, 2) farmer participation has a significant effect directly on thecooperative performance at 0.362, 3) the cooperative partnership has a significant effect directly on the incomeof farmers at 0.341, 4) farmer participation has a significant effect directly on the income of farmers at 0.426, 5)cooperative performance has a significant effect directly on the income of farmers at 0.180, 6) cooperativepartnership has no significant effect indirectly on the income of farmers through the cooperative performanceat 0.096, 7) farmer participation has no significant effect indirectly on farmer income through cooperativeperformance at 0.18. This study concludes that 1) cooperative partnerships and farmer participation havesignificant effect directly on the cooperative performance, 2) cooperative partnerships, farmer participation,and cooperative performance have a significant effect directly on farmers' incomes, 3) cooperative partnershipsand farmer participation have no significant effect indirectly on farmer income through cooperativeperformance.
{"title":"Analysis of Dairy Farmers Cooperative Partnership and Participation toward Cooperative Performance to Increase Farmer's Income","authors":"D. P. Hadiani, M. N. Ihsan, P. Surjowardojo, B. Nugroho","doi":"10.20884/1.jap.2022.24.2.144","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20884/1.jap.2022.24.2.144","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this study was to analyze the direct and indirect effect of cooperative partnerships,farmer participation and cooperative performance on farmer’s income. This research method was carried outby distributing questionnaires to 164 farmers as research respondents in Kemiri village who were activemembers of the Agroniaga Cooperative Jabung. The research variables were X1 (cooperative partnership), X2(farmers participation), Y1 (cooperative performance), Y2 (farmer's income). The data obtained were analyzedby path analysis using SPSS. The results show that 1) cooperative partnerships have a significant effect directlyon the cooperative performance at 0.533, 2) farmer participation has a significant effect directly on thecooperative performance at 0.362, 3) the cooperative partnership has a significant effect directly on the incomeof farmers at 0.341, 4) farmer participation has a significant effect directly on the income of farmers at 0.426, 5)cooperative performance has a significant effect directly on the income of farmers at 0.180, 6) cooperativepartnership has no significant effect indirectly on the income of farmers through the cooperative performanceat 0.096, 7) farmer participation has no significant effect indirectly on farmer income through cooperativeperformance at 0.18. This study concludes that 1) cooperative partnerships and farmer participation havesignificant effect directly on the cooperative performance, 2) cooperative partnerships, farmer participation,and cooperative performance have a significant effect directly on farmers' incomes, 3) cooperative partnershipsand farmer participation have no significant effect indirectly on farmer income through cooperativeperformance.","PeriodicalId":7887,"journal":{"name":"Animal production","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49458954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-29DOI: 10.20884/1.jap.2022.24.2.122
D. Wulandari, Inggita Leli Murtika, Fitria Ella Wardani, Ahmad Furqon, Wike Andre Septian, Tri Eko Susilorini, Suyadi Suyadi
The objective of this study was to determine the reproductive performance of Kacang goats in a closed population area of Oro-Oro Farm located in Sawohan Village, Buduran Subdistrict, Sidoarjo Regency. We used 146 Kacang goat with a range of parity from 1 to > 7. Data analysis was carried out using the ANOVA test, Least Significant Difference (LSD) test, coefficient of variation test and descriptive test to measure litter size, pre-weaning mortality, kidding interval (KI), days open (DO) and Kacang goat reproduction index. The results showed that the highest litter size was 1.69 ± 0.63 at parity 6, the lowest pre-weaning mortality at parity > 7 was 11.76%, the shortest kidding interval and days open was at parity 4 for 7.35 ± 1.22 and 2.35 ± 1.22 months, respectively. The best Kacang goat reproduction index was 2.22 at parity 6 with coefficient of variation of 38.06%, 41.08% and 13.36% for litter size (LS), days open (DO), kidding interval (KI). Conclusively, there was a diverse reproductive performance of Kacang goats in the closed population area of Oro-Oro Farm located in Sawohan Village, Buduran Subdistrict, Sidoarjo Regency based on parity 1 to > 7, in which the higher the parity, the higher the reproductive performance. However, parity 5 onwards saw a declining reproductive performance due to weakened livestock conditions.
{"title":"Reproductive Performance of Kacang Goats in Closed Population Areas of Sidoarjo Regency, East Java, Indonesia","authors":"D. Wulandari, Inggita Leli Murtika, Fitria Ella Wardani, Ahmad Furqon, Wike Andre Septian, Tri Eko Susilorini, Suyadi Suyadi","doi":"10.20884/1.jap.2022.24.2.122","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20884/1.jap.2022.24.2.122","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this study was to determine the reproductive performance of Kacang goats in a closed population area of Oro-Oro Farm located in Sawohan Village, Buduran Subdistrict, Sidoarjo Regency. We used 146 Kacang goat with a range of parity from 1 to > 7. Data analysis was carried out using the ANOVA test, Least Significant Difference (LSD) test, coefficient of variation test and descriptive test to measure litter size, pre-weaning mortality, kidding interval (KI), days open (DO) and Kacang goat reproduction index. The results showed that the highest litter size was 1.69 ± 0.63 at parity 6, the lowest pre-weaning mortality at parity > 7 was 11.76%, the shortest kidding interval and days open was at parity 4 for 7.35 ± 1.22 and 2.35 ± 1.22 months, respectively. The best Kacang goat reproduction index was 2.22 at parity 6 with coefficient of variation of 38.06%, 41.08% and 13.36% for litter size (LS), days open (DO), kidding interval (KI). Conclusively, there was a diverse reproductive performance of Kacang goats in the closed population area of Oro-Oro Farm located in Sawohan Village, Buduran Subdistrict, Sidoarjo Regency based on parity 1 to > 7, in which the higher the parity, the higher the reproductive performance. However, parity 5 onwards saw a declining reproductive performance due to weakened livestock conditions.","PeriodicalId":7887,"journal":{"name":"Animal production","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43457376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-29DOI: 10.20884/1.jap.2022.24.2.149
Sri Ratna Sari, O. Sjofjan
The aim of this study is to determine the effect of Organic Protein as a feed ingredient on pH, viscosity and enzyme activity in the small intestine and levels of ammonia in broiler excreta. Organic Protein is a Single Cell Protein (SCP) product name from PT. Miwon Indonesia that has a protein content up to 40%. We conducted a field experiment and used DOC broilers and Organic Protein as treatment feed in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) comprising of 5 treatments and 6 replicates, accounting for 30 experimental units. The feed treatments were basal feed T0, T1, T2, T3 and T4 added with Organic Protein 0%, 1.5%, 3%, 4.5%, and 6%, respectively. The observed variables were pH, viscosity, enzyme activity (amylase and protease) of small intestine and excreta ammonia level of broiler. The data were analyzed with ANOVA followed by Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (DMRT). The results showed the treatments have very significantly different effects (P<0.01) on the amylase and protease activities, but significantly different effects (P>0.05) on pH, viscosity of small intestine, and ammonia levels of excreta. The use of Organic Protein at a level of 4.5% gave the best results to increase enzyme activity of amylase and protease.
{"title":"The Use of “Organic Protein” in Feed Formulation on Intestinal and Ammonia Levels of Broiler","authors":"Sri Ratna Sari, O. Sjofjan","doi":"10.20884/1.jap.2022.24.2.149","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20884/1.jap.2022.24.2.149","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this study is to determine the effect of Organic Protein as a feed ingredient on pH, viscosity and enzyme activity in the small intestine and levels of ammonia in broiler excreta. Organic Protein is a Single Cell Protein (SCP) product name from PT. Miwon Indonesia that has a protein content up to 40%. We conducted a field experiment and used DOC broilers and Organic Protein as treatment feed in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) comprising of 5 treatments and 6 replicates, accounting for 30 experimental units. The feed treatments were basal feed T0, T1, T2, T3 and T4 added with Organic Protein 0%, 1.5%, 3%, 4.5%, and 6%, respectively. The observed variables were pH, viscosity, enzyme activity (amylase and protease) of small intestine and excreta ammonia level of broiler. The data were analyzed with ANOVA followed by Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (DMRT). The results showed the treatments have very significantly different effects (P<0.01) on the amylase and protease activities, but significantly different effects (P>0.05) on pH, viscosity of small intestine, and ammonia levels of excreta. The use of Organic Protein at a level of 4.5% gave the best results to increase enzyme activity of amylase and protease.","PeriodicalId":7887,"journal":{"name":"Animal production","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48669920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-29DOI: 10.20884/1.jap.2022.24.2.133
B. Hartoyo, Titing Widyastuti, S. Rahayu, Raden Singgih Sugeng Santoso
Ensuring food safety in livestock requires specific feeding technology in agriculture by using feed additives in the form of antibiotics, prebiotics, probiotics, acidifiers, hormones and enzymes. Bioactive peptides improve the health status of humans and animals. Protein hydrolysis produce peptides that are safe, quickly metabolizable, less risky for livestock products to have contaminant residue. Bioactive peptides are still bound to the original protein, so they need to be released through an enzymatic process. This research explored the potential of chicken slaughterhouse waste to produce biopeptides by hydrolyzing proteins using various proteolytic enzymes. The slaughterhouse waste included chicken feet, intestines, filleting waste and blood plasma. The proteolytic enzymes used were papain, bromelain, protease by Rhizopus oligosphorus, probiotic protease. The observed variables were dissolved protein content with and without precipitation, protein hydrolyzate content, and the degree of enzyme hydrolysis. The research was conducted using exploratory methods. The results showed that the dissolved protein content in the chicken slaughterhouse waste protein concentrate was 1,585 mg/ml (feet), 2,361 mg/ml (intestines), 1,787 (filleting waste) and 2,372 mg/ml (blood plasma). Blood plasma protein concentrate showed the highest yield among other chicken slaughterhouse waste protein concentrates, namely 0.14 mg/ml (hydrolysis of papain), 0.18 mg/ml (hydrolysis of bromelain), 0.56 mg/ml (hydrolysis of R.oligosphorus protease) 0.68 mg/ml (hydrolysis of probiotic proteases). The highest degree of hydrolysis was shown in blood plasma hydrolyzates using probiotic protease enzymes, namely 28.72%. The highest antioxidant activity was 92.92% as observed in chicken feet protein hydrolyzate which was hydrolyzed using papain. Therefore, chicken feet, intestines and fillet waste can produce protein concentrates through precipitation using ammonium sulfate, and plasma using acetone. The highest protein concentration was in blood plasma protein which also produced the highest hydrolysis from hydrolyzing blood plasma proteins with hydrolyzed probiotic protease. The highest antioxidant activity was observed in chicken feet protein hydrolyzate which was hydrolyzed using papain enzyme and incubated for 6h.
{"title":"The Study of Protein Hydrolysis and Peptide Antioxidants Activity of Chicken Slaughterhouse Waste and Its Potential for Feed Additives","authors":"B. Hartoyo, Titing Widyastuti, S. Rahayu, Raden Singgih Sugeng Santoso","doi":"10.20884/1.jap.2022.24.2.133","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20884/1.jap.2022.24.2.133","url":null,"abstract":"Ensuring food safety in livestock requires specific feeding technology in agriculture by using feed additives in the form of antibiotics, prebiotics, probiotics, acidifiers, hormones and enzymes. Bioactive peptides improve the health status of humans and animals. Protein hydrolysis produce peptides that are safe, quickly metabolizable, less risky for livestock products to have contaminant residue. Bioactive peptides are still bound to the original protein, so they need to be released through an enzymatic process. This research explored the potential of chicken slaughterhouse waste to produce biopeptides by hydrolyzing proteins using various proteolytic enzymes. The slaughterhouse waste included chicken feet, intestines, filleting waste and blood plasma. The proteolytic enzymes used were papain, bromelain, protease by Rhizopus oligosphorus, probiotic protease. The observed variables were dissolved protein content with and without precipitation, protein hydrolyzate content, and the degree of enzyme hydrolysis. The research was conducted using exploratory methods. The results showed that the dissolved protein content in the chicken slaughterhouse waste protein concentrate was 1,585 mg/ml (feet), 2,361 mg/ml (intestines), 1,787 (filleting waste) and 2,372 mg/ml (blood plasma). Blood plasma protein concentrate showed the highest yield among other chicken slaughterhouse waste protein concentrates, namely 0.14 mg/ml (hydrolysis of papain), 0.18 mg/ml (hydrolysis of bromelain), 0.56 mg/ml (hydrolysis of R.oligosphorus protease) 0.68 mg/ml (hydrolysis of probiotic proteases). The highest degree of hydrolysis was shown in blood plasma hydrolyzates using probiotic protease enzymes, namely 28.72%. The highest antioxidant activity was 92.92% as observed in chicken feet protein hydrolyzate which was hydrolyzed using papain. Therefore, chicken feet, intestines and fillet waste can produce protein concentrates through precipitation using ammonium sulfate, and plasma using acetone. The highest protein concentration was in blood plasma protein which also produced the highest hydrolysis from hydrolyzing blood plasma proteins with hydrolyzed probiotic protease. The highest antioxidant activity was observed in chicken feet protein hydrolyzate which was hydrolyzed using papain enzyme and incubated for 6h.","PeriodicalId":7887,"journal":{"name":"Animal production","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42853040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-29DOI: 10.20884/1.jap.2022.24.2.134
I. Iswoyo, J. Sumarmono, T. Setyawardani, A. Sampurno, C. H. Wibowo
Various lamb-based processed products have become popular in many countries, including Indonesia that are well known for lamb satay, lamb curry, grilled lamb, and others. Processing lamb meat into sausages is a potential alternative to diversify lamb-based processed food. This study aims to develop a lamb-based processed product in form of emulsion sausage. We used mixed lamb meat and fat of Batur lamb (0, 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25%) that was coarsely ground and added with 2.0% salt, 0.5% dextrose, 0.5% garlic powder, 0.5% pepper powder, 0.3% paprika powder and 0.5% chili powder. Meat, fat, and other ingredients are mixed evenly and then put into collagen casings and measured 10-cm long. Next, the sausage was steamed for +45 minutes, then cooled and drained. We used an experimental method with a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) assigning 6 treatments and 4 replicates. The treatments included T0: Lamb sausage without fat; T1 : Lamb sausage + 5% fat; T2 : Lamb sausage + 10% fat; T3 : Lamb sausage + 15% fat; T4 : Lamb sausage + 20% fat and T5 : Lamb sausage + 25% fat. The observed characteristics of sausages were chemical content (moisture, protein, fat, and ash content) and organoleptic properties (preferred colour, aroma, texture, taste, and acceptability). F test (anova) results showed that the treatment had a significant effect (P<0.05) on the moisture, protein, fat, and ash content of lamb sausage, as well as on preference for colour, aroma, texture, taste, and acceptance of lamb sausage. The results showed that the addition of 10% lamb fat produced emulsion-type lamb sausage with the most optimal characteristics, containing 63.290% water, 15.245% protein, 12.518% fat and 2.536% ash. The preferred colour, aroma, texture, taste and acceptance have satisfied the neutral criteria.
{"title":"Chemical Composition and Organoleptic Properties of Emulsion-Type Lamb Meat Sausage with Different Fat Levels","authors":"I. Iswoyo, J. Sumarmono, T. Setyawardani, A. Sampurno, C. H. Wibowo","doi":"10.20884/1.jap.2022.24.2.134","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20884/1.jap.2022.24.2.134","url":null,"abstract":"Various lamb-based processed products have become popular in many countries, including Indonesia that are well known for lamb satay, lamb curry, grilled lamb, and others. Processing lamb meat into sausages is a potential alternative to diversify lamb-based processed food. This study aims to develop a lamb-based processed product in form of emulsion sausage. We used mixed lamb meat and fat of Batur lamb (0, 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25%) that was coarsely ground and added with 2.0% salt, 0.5% dextrose, 0.5% garlic powder, 0.5% pepper powder, 0.3% paprika powder and 0.5% chili powder. Meat, fat, and other ingredients are mixed evenly and then put into collagen casings and measured 10-cm long. Next, the sausage was steamed for +45 minutes, then cooled and drained. We used an experimental method with a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) assigning 6 treatments and 4 replicates. The treatments included T0: Lamb sausage without fat; T1 : Lamb sausage + 5% fat; T2 : Lamb sausage + 10% fat; T3 : Lamb sausage + 15% fat; T4 : Lamb sausage + 20% fat and T5 : Lamb sausage + 25% fat. The observed characteristics of sausages were chemical content (moisture, protein, fat, and ash content) and organoleptic properties (preferred colour, aroma, texture, taste, and acceptability). F test (anova) results showed that the treatment had a significant effect (P<0.05) on the moisture, protein, fat, and ash content of lamb sausage, as well as on preference for colour, aroma, texture, taste, and acceptance of lamb sausage. The results showed that the addition of 10% lamb fat produced emulsion-type lamb sausage with the most optimal characteristics, containing 63.290% water, 15.245% protein, 12.518% fat and 2.536% ash. The preferred colour, aroma, texture, taste and acceptance have satisfied the neutral criteria.","PeriodicalId":7887,"journal":{"name":"Animal production","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47305129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-29DOI: 10.20884/1.jap.2022.24.2.129
A. Akintunde, P. Kolu, I. A. Akintunde, S. Adewole, O. Akinboye, O. Afodu, L. Ndubuisi-ogbonna, B. Shobo
The nutritive values of the peels of ripe and unripe fruits of Carica papaya were assessed for their potential in livestock production. Proximate and phytochemical analyses, as well as vitamins and mineral contents of the ingredients, were determined. Data were subjected to a t-test for statistical analysis. The crude protein (CP) of ripe and unripe Carica papaya peels were 3.50% and 10.30%. The ripe Carica papaya peels had 26.20%, 3.05%, 15.03%, 3.71%, 52.22%, 2.44%, and 1,060.09Kcal/Kg of crude fiber, crude fat, ash content, moisture, carbohydrate, fatty acid, and energy respectively while the unripe Carica papaya peels contained 27.10%, 22.30%, 13.30%, 4.15%, 27.00%, 17.84% and 1,459.20Kcal/Kg of crude fiber, crude fat, ash content, carbohydrate, fatty acid, and energy respectively. The ripe Carica papaya peels had significantly higher (p<0.05) values for calcium (0.39%), potassium (0.40%) and iron (570mg/Kg). The ripe Carica papaya peels had significantly higher (p<0.05) values of saponin (9.69mg/100g) while the unripe peels had significantly higher values (p<0.05) for alkaloid (6.44mg/100g), hydrogen cyanide (0.57mg/100g) and tannin (86.90mg/100g. Ripe Carica papaya peels having significantly higher (p<0.05) values for vitamin B1 (1.67mg/100g) and vitamin B6 (1.80mg/100g) while the unripe Carica papaya peels had significantly higher (p<0.05) values for vitamin A (3360IU/Kg), vitamins B2 (0.45mg/100g), B3 (3.25mg/100g), B12 (0.92mg/100g) and C (9.78mg/100g). It is concluded that these products offer a good source of basic vitamins and minerals and hold potential for therapeutic use in livestock nutrition. Therefore, the inclusion of these ingredients should be encouraged in livestock production, especially in the industry of monogastric animals.
{"title":"Evaluation of the Nutritive Values of Carica Papaya Fruit peels as A Potential Ingredient in Livestock Nutrition","authors":"A. Akintunde, P. Kolu, I. A. Akintunde, S. Adewole, O. Akinboye, O. Afodu, L. Ndubuisi-ogbonna, B. Shobo","doi":"10.20884/1.jap.2022.24.2.129","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20884/1.jap.2022.24.2.129","url":null,"abstract":"The nutritive values of the peels of ripe and unripe fruits of Carica papaya were assessed for their potential in livestock production. Proximate and phytochemical analyses, as well as vitamins and mineral contents of the ingredients, were determined. Data were subjected to a t-test for statistical analysis. The crude protein (CP) of ripe and unripe Carica papaya peels were 3.50% and 10.30%. The ripe Carica papaya peels had 26.20%, 3.05%, 15.03%, 3.71%, 52.22%, 2.44%, and 1,060.09Kcal/Kg of crude fiber, crude fat, ash content, moisture, carbohydrate, fatty acid, and energy respectively while the unripe Carica papaya peels contained 27.10%, 22.30%, 13.30%, 4.15%, 27.00%, 17.84% and 1,459.20Kcal/Kg of crude fiber, crude fat, ash content, carbohydrate, fatty acid, and energy respectively. The ripe Carica papaya peels had significantly higher (p<0.05) values for calcium (0.39%), potassium (0.40%) and iron (570mg/Kg). The ripe Carica papaya peels had significantly higher (p<0.05) values of saponin (9.69mg/100g) while the unripe peels had significantly higher values (p<0.05) for alkaloid (6.44mg/100g), hydrogen cyanide (0.57mg/100g) and tannin (86.90mg/100g. Ripe Carica papaya peels having significantly higher (p<0.05) values for vitamin B1 (1.67mg/100g) and vitamin B6 (1.80mg/100g) while the unripe Carica papaya peels had significantly higher (p<0.05) values for vitamin A (3360IU/Kg), vitamins B2 (0.45mg/100g), B3 (3.25mg/100g), B12 (0.92mg/100g) and C (9.78mg/100g). It is concluded that these products offer a good source of basic vitamins and minerals and hold potential for therapeutic use in livestock nutrition. Therefore, the inclusion of these ingredients should be encouraged in livestock production, especially in the industry of monogastric animals.","PeriodicalId":7887,"journal":{"name":"Animal production","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49441362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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