Acta medica (Hradec Kralove). Supplementum最新文献

Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) is an acquired clonal somatic stem cell disorder characterized by intravascular hemolysis, hypercoaguability, and bone marrow failure. Hemolysis is attributed to somatic mutations in the PIG-A gene responsible for the formation of the glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchor, that binds CD 59 and CD 55 to the membrane surface. Their absence from the red cell leads to hemolysis whenever complement is activated. PIG-A gene mutations are not sufficient per se for the development of PNH. The history of PNH is a fascinating story depicting the development of our knowledge of the disease since the first clinical description by Paul Strübing in 1882 till the elucidation of the hemolysis on the molecular level. The article describe the historical steps of this process. The pathogenesis of PNH has been significantly elucidated in the last years, but many questions remain to be clarified.

In the article is described the mathematical model of fatigue used in the time partitioned experimenal data.

Authors compare the benefits and drawbacks of agar diffusion tests (with neutral red and with thiazolyl blue) and the filter diffusion test recommended as the standards for cytotoxicity testing of dental materials and their eluates. It seems that there are no differences between these diffusion tests after the treatment for 24 hours. Authors discuss the observed differences in the toxicity between a solid form of the material (ANA 2000 DUO, Evicrol Solar LC) and its eluate.

Occupational environment monitoring and biological-medical monitoring of persons professionally exposed to welding fumes have been performed. Chromium, manganese and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in welding fumes represents an important health risk. Pollutant concentrations found in metal welding fumes represented only fractions of those acceptable ones. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons have been reached the concentration found in a busy road crossing in Hradec Králové (compared with these as in Czech Republic no maximum acceptable levels for PAHs having been declared). Family, personal and occupational history have been taken. Health state including total haematological count, biochemical and cytogenetical changes of 19 stainless steel welders were checked-up. The level of mercapturates in urine were examined as well. The data were statistically compared with those of non exposed (control group). No changes witnessing the above mentioned risk factors influence on the haematological, biochemical and cytogenetical findings were ever proved. In conclusion, our results did not confirm an increased professional risk in this group of welders.

Keloid and hypertrophic scars are relatively frequent not wanted consequences of surgical treatment. 145 patients with unsatisfactory skin healing were treated in our department during last 5 years. When compared with corticotherapy and laser-therapy kryotherapy is very effective method. There were outstanding results with combination of cryotherapy and corticotherapy.

Serum ceftazidime levels were followed in 21 patients in which routine coronary bypass surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass was performed. Each patient received one gram of ceftazidime intravenously with anesthesia induction. Antibiotic concentrations were estimated using the microbiologic assay diffusion plate method. The average operation time was 220 +/- 41 minutes (range 130-310). The start of cardiopulmonary bypass was 86 +/- 21 minutes and the full flow time was 104 +/- 21 minutes after starting of ceftazidime application. It can be stated that the decline of ceftazidime serum levels after starting of cardiopulmonary bypass was faster in comparison with standard serum curves of this antibiotic. The concentrations of ceftazidime at the end of some operations were under the supposed minimal inhibitory concentrations for some microorganisms possibly implicated. No infection was recorded.

Biological monitoring of occupational exposure to toxic compounds enables an early detection of adverse health effects. Apart from the standard biological monitoring methods of occupational exposure represented by metabolites and enzymes activities analysis also immunological detection methods seem to be promising. The changes of immunological system are demonstrable extraordinary sensitive markers of load of organism. The process of welding belongs between important sources of pollution of working environment with heavy metals and other harmful compounds including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. According to IARC classification the welding fumes are included into group 2B and are supposed as possible human carcinogens. Numbers of different epidemiological studies have proved relationship between welding and serious health disorders namely malignancies. We recorded a number of changes in immunological parameters when compared with those in control group in our study. The results of analysis were statistically evaluated. The statistically significant reduction of number of phagocytosis capable cells was found in the group of welders when compared with the control group. The levels of neopterin, beta-2-microglobulin and IL-1 beta have indirectly monitored cell component of immunological response. In the case of these markers a statistically significant increases were found in the group of welders. We found statistically significant IgM decrease and statistically significant IgA increase in humoral responses with the same group when compared with control group.

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) represent danger ubiquitous environmental pollutants. A lot of them have toxic and carcinogenic potential. Presented work summarises most of available data describing properties, origin and occupational and non-occupational sources of PAHs. Contamination of environment is described separately for air, water, soil, sediments and food. Possibilities of occupational and non-occupational exposure of persons are discussed and populations with potentially high exposures to PAHs are defined. The work is concluded by digest of regulations and guidelines regarding environmental contamination of PAHs.

Authors evaluate application of mitomycin C (0.2-0.4 mg/ml) on the sclera during glaucoma filtering surgery. Mean follow up was 19.5 months in the group of 67 patients (75 eyes). The most serious complication was an early endophthalmitis in 2 cases with the loss of residual visual field and vision, 1x hemophthalmus followed with development of traction retinal detachment, 1x hypotonic maculopathy, 1x traction retinal detachment for progression of diabetic proliferative vitreoretinopathy of neovascular glaucoma. Higher rate of complications was noted in the group of mitomycin C 0.4 mg/ml. Visual acuity was better one line Snellen optotypes in 3 cases, and worse in 26 cases. Intraocular pressure compensation up to 20 mmHg was reached in 32 cases without therapy (45.1%), in 28 cases therapy (39.6%), Intraocular pressure above 20 mm Hg was in 11 cases (15.4) and the data are not known in 4 cases (5.4%). Intraocular pressure was compensated after mitomycin C application in 84.7%.

In this paper we described the biological monitoring as a capable exposure assessment tool that has provided important information used in public health decisions. Biological monitoring is based on determination of biological markers of exposure which are presented as the quantity of a chemical substance or its metabolites or as the deviation of biological parameters (enzyme activity etc.) induced by this substance in exposed humans. The greatest advantage of biological monitoring is the fact that the biological marker of exposure is more directly related to the adverse effects than any environment measurement. Another advantage of biological monitoring is based on the reality that the nonoccupational background exposure (leisure activity, residency, dietary habits, smoking, etc.) may also be expressed in the biological level. Biological parameters can be unfortunately affected by various factors that influence the fate of xenobiotic in vivo. The "BEL" (BTV-biological tolerance value for occupational exposures) is defined as the maximum permissible quantity of a chemical substance or its metabolites or the maximum permissible deviation from the norm of biological parameters during or after exposure. It should be subject to regular revision in the light of new scientific data.