Acta medica (Hradec Kralove). Supplementum最新文献

Effects of ultraviolet radiation (UV) on the human skin are summarized in the introductory part from physical and biological point of view, especially photoaging and photocarcinogenesis. Special attention has been paid to skin phototype which characterizes the individual susceptibility to UV. The minimal erythema dose (MED) serves for establishment of this susceptibility. The mean MEDs for white population in other countries are also shown here. Mechanisms of natural photoprotection in connection with instructions how to increase artificial photoprotection are described here. The investigation of skin type incidence in our population and determining their mean MEDs for UV-B and polychromatic light was the aim of practical work. The UV-B MED is in average 23.4 mJ/cm2. The further work has been concentrated on the assessment of pigmentation response after irradiation and especially on the comparison of the minimal erythema doses before season and after it. We found mean double increase of the MED after sunlight exposition during summer season. We suggested, that double increasing of seasonal natural photoprotection does not represent definitive protection for most people and does not impair summer warning system in media which is based on winter MEDs. Some recommendations for improvement of protection of Czech population against UV radiation are proposed in conclusion.

The localization of a serine exopeptidase--DPP IV--in the male and female submandibular gland of the mouse during gland postnatal development was studied histochemically in the light microscopic level. The present results suggest that localization of DPP IV is closely related to the postnatal differentiation and maturation of acini and male granular convoluted tubules. Remarkable sex differences of DPP IV activity were detected in the submandibular gland of pubescent and adult animals. The possible physiological role of DPP IV in major salivary glands is also discussed in the paper.

The present study demonstrates the results of evaluation of growth changes of the neurocranium in a set of 98 human skulls of immature individuals aged 6-18/20/ years from the XIII.-XVIII. century. Craniometric values were matched with the corresponding values measured on the skulls of the same age groups from the IX. century and IX.-XII. centuries.

Human health is determined by the interplay between heredity and the environment. Air, water, food and soil contain chemical, physical and biological agents some of which are known to be harmful to health. Chemical substances that pose the risk to human health and safety and to the environment are subject to governmental regulation. The regulatory decision-making process and regulatory actions are based on two distinct elements: risk assessment and risk management. Air pollution (outdoor, indoor) is a world problem afflicting densely populated urban centers and heavily industrialised areas. Industrialization and the widespread use of chemicals coupled with modern intensive agricultural practices have raised a global concern about the contamination of soil and water. Three categories of environmental chemical contaminants generally occur in food--natural and synthetic organic compounds and traces of toxic metals. Human health protection against chemical exposure can be realised in three ways. Environmental monitoring assesses exposure to a chemical agent by measuring its concentration in the environment (i.e., air, soil, food, water). Biological monitoring assesses internal exposure to a chemical agent by measuring the chemical, its metabolites or nonadverse biological response in body fluids, tissues, expired air or excreta. Health surveillance entails the periodic medical examinations of exposed humans with the purpose of protecting health and preventing disease.

Sulphur dioxide is one of the most important and most frequent atmospheric pollutant of our environmental setting. In presented pilot-study we describe the influence of acute exposure to sulphur dioxide on alveolar macrophages of guinea pigs. The alveolar macrophages represent the main part of mononuclear phagocytic system, which is responsible for the defence of respiratory tract against foreign compounds. The experimental animals were exposed over three hours to sulphur dioxide with the concentration of about 400 ppm. After exposure we did not find significant changes in phagocytic activity of alveolar macrophages.

The successfulness of tumour radiotherapy depends before all on achieving the maximal effect of radiation on the tumour with contemporary minimalization of the injury of normal tissues in its vicinity. Such selectivity of radiation action may be realized by utilization of physical (kind and energy of radiation, irradiation conditions) as well as biological (modification of radiation effects) factors. The aim of this publication is to give a survey of fundamental biophysical and radiobiological principles conditioning the differential action of ionizing radiation on tumorous and normal cell populations from the standpoint of the relevancy of experimental radiobiology (radiation effect on the proliferative capacity of the tumorous and normal tissue) to radiotherapy. More accent than customary in medical literature is put on the physical interactions of radiations in matter and dosimetry as well as microdosimetry of radiation. The importance of microdosimetry will perhaps increase in future in connection with the therapeutic usage of non-conventional kinds of radiation (neutrons, heavy charged particles, pi-mezons). Basic biophysical machanisms of radiation action on cells and cell populations are described and explained in terms of quantum radiobiology (single- and multihit theory, target theory, stochastics of radiation injury development, etc.) as well as the main principles of modification of radiation effects (oxygen effect, radiosensitizers, fractionation of the dose). A brief interpretation of the Strandquist model of isoeffect curves for the fractionated irradiation is presented enabling to relate mutually the total absorbed dose to the total irradiation time and the number of fractions.

Differences in style of publishing in national and international scientific journals could negatively influence the acceptance of a manuscript. The article directs an attention of beginning authors to possible pitfalls and tries to give them advice how to reduce elementary mistakes and to enhance a chance for the acceptance of the manuscript.

Histochemical activity of DPP IV in the intracerebral homotransplants of submandibular gland of the newborn mouse was investigated in the course of a 5-month period after transplantation. Eight weeks after grafting, the enzyme pattern in the parenchyma of transplants was already comparable with the enzyme pattern of a fully mature mouse submandibular gland in situ. At this time, DPP IV was active in the apicolateral cell membranes of numerous acini of the gland transplants. Enzyme activity in apical cell cytoplasm of granular convoluted tubules was found only in transplants located in the brain of male recipients.

Chromium belongs amongst highly industrially utilized elements. Its role, however, encompasses the physiologic function too. On the other hand, increased exposition to this element, either during its processing, production or in nature in a form of a toxic waste, can lead to the arising of the toxic effects. These toxic features of chromium have been in focus for many years and herein are given together with some new discoveries, such as the influence of chromium on apoptosis, or specific mutations in genes caused by chromium and their repair.

Immunoscintigraphic methods present a great step forward in non-invasive diagnostics. They contribute not only in tumor diagnostic where monoclonal antibodies against tumorous antigens (TAG 72, CEA) are used but also in the sphere of inflammation diagnostic with the use of monoclonal antibody BW 250/183 which is bound onto non-specific cross reacting antigen NCA 95 of granulocytes. Another sphere of interest is the detection of heart muscle damage with the use of monoclonal antibody against myosin and detection of venous thrombosis with the use of monoclonal antibody against fibrin. Monoclonal antibodies are labelled with indium 111 or technecium 99m.