Miguel A. Betancourt-Ponce, Rui Liu, Jian Sun, Paul G. Evans, Padma Gopalan
A combination of block copolymer (BCP) lithography and solid-phase epitaxy can be employed to form large areas, on the order of square centimeters, of a high density of epitaxial crystalline complex oxide nanostructures. We have used BCP lithography with a poly(styrene-block-methyl methacrylate) (PS-b-PMMA) copolymer to template a nanohole array either directly on an (001)-oriented SrTiO3 (STO) single crystal substrate or on a 20 nm-thick Si3N4 layer deposited on the STO substrate. BCPs with the selected compositions assembled in a cylindrical phase with 16 nm diameter PMMA cylinders and a cylinder-to-cylinder spacing of 32 nm. The substrate was modified with an energetically non-preferential polymer layer to allow for the vertical alignment of the cylinders. The PMMA cylinders were removed using a subtractive process, leaving an array of cylindrical holes. For BCPs assembled on Si3N4/STO, the pattern was transferred to the Si3N4 layer using reactive ion etching, exposing the underlying STO substrate in the nanoholes. An amorphous LaAlO3 (LAO) layer was deposited on the patterned Si3N4/STO at room temperature. The amorphous LAO epitaxially crystallized within the nanoscale-patterned holes with fully relaxed lattice parameters through solid phase epitaxy, resulting in the formation of nanoscale LAO/STO epitaxial heterostructures.
{"title":"Patterning and epitaxy of large-area arrays of nanoscale complex oxide epitaxial heterostructures","authors":"Miguel A. Betancourt-Ponce, Rui Liu, Jian Sun, Paul G. Evans, Padma Gopalan","doi":"10.1063/5.0203258","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0203258","url":null,"abstract":"A combination of block copolymer (BCP) lithography and solid-phase epitaxy can be employed to form large areas, on the order of square centimeters, of a high density of epitaxial crystalline complex oxide nanostructures. We have used BCP lithography with a poly(styrene-block-methyl methacrylate) (PS-b-PMMA) copolymer to template a nanohole array either directly on an (001)-oriented SrTiO3 (STO) single crystal substrate or on a 20 nm-thick Si3N4 layer deposited on the STO substrate. BCPs with the selected compositions assembled in a cylindrical phase with 16 nm diameter PMMA cylinders and a cylinder-to-cylinder spacing of 32 nm. The substrate was modified with an energetically non-preferential polymer layer to allow for the vertical alignment of the cylinders. The PMMA cylinders were removed using a subtractive process, leaving an array of cylindrical holes. For BCPs assembled on Si3N4/STO, the pattern was transferred to the Si3N4 layer using reactive ion etching, exposing the underlying STO substrate in the nanoholes. An amorphous LaAlO3 (LAO) layer was deposited on the patterned Si3N4/STO at room temperature. The amorphous LAO epitaxially crystallized within the nanoscale-patterned holes with fully relaxed lattice parameters through solid phase epitaxy, resulting in the formation of nanoscale LAO/STO epitaxial heterostructures.","PeriodicalId":7985,"journal":{"name":"APL Materials","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2024-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141171057","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
N. E. Khokhlov, A. E. Dolgikh, B. A. Ivanov, A. V. Kimel
A pair of circularly polarized laser pulses of opposite helicities are shown to control the route of spin reorientation phase transition in the rare-earth antiferromagnetic orthoferrite (Sm0.55Tb0.45)FeO3. The route can be efficiently controlled by the delay between the pulses and the sample temperature. Simulations employing previously published models of laser-induced spin dynamics in orthoferrites failed to reproduce the experimental results. We suggest that the failure is due to neglected temperature dependence of the antiferromagnetic resonance damping in the material. Taking into account the experimentally deduced temperature dependence of the damping, we obtained good agreement between the simulations and the experiment.
{"title":"Double pulse all-optical coherent control of ultrafast spin-reorientation in an antiferromagnetic rare-earth orthoferrite","authors":"N. E. Khokhlov, A. E. Dolgikh, B. A. Ivanov, A. V. Kimel","doi":"10.1063/5.0197976","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0197976","url":null,"abstract":"A pair of circularly polarized laser pulses of opposite helicities are shown to control the route of spin reorientation phase transition in the rare-earth antiferromagnetic orthoferrite (Sm0.55Tb0.45)FeO3. The route can be efficiently controlled by the delay between the pulses and the sample temperature. Simulations employing previously published models of laser-induced spin dynamics in orthoferrites failed to reproduce the experimental results. We suggest that the failure is due to neglected temperature dependence of the antiferromagnetic resonance damping in the material. Taking into account the experimentally deduced temperature dependence of the damping, we obtained good agreement between the simulations and the experiment.","PeriodicalId":7985,"journal":{"name":"APL Materials","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2024-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141062759","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The ability of mechanical systems to perform basic computations has gained traction over recent years, providing an unconventional alternative to digital computing in off grid, low power, and severe environments, which render the majority of electronic components inoperable. However, much of the work in mechanical computing has focused on logic operations via quasi-static prescribed displacements in origami, bistable, and soft deformable matter. Here, we present a first attempt to describe the fundamental framework of an elastic neuromorphic metasurface that performs distinct classification tasks, providing a new set of challenges, given the complex nature of elastic waves with respect to scattering and manipulation. Multiple layers of reconfigurable waveguides are phase-trained via constant weights and trainable activation functions in a manner that enables the resultant wave scattering at the readout location to focus on the correct class within the detection plane. We further demonstrate the neuromorphic system’s reconfigurability in performing two distinct tasks, eliminating the need for costly remanufacturing.
{"title":"Mechanical intelligence via fully reconfigurable elastic neuromorphic metasurfaces","authors":"M. Moghaddaszadeh, M. Mousa, A. Aref, M. Nouh","doi":"10.1063/5.0201761","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0201761","url":null,"abstract":"The ability of mechanical systems to perform basic computations has gained traction over recent years, providing an unconventional alternative to digital computing in off grid, low power, and severe environments, which render the majority of electronic components inoperable. However, much of the work in mechanical computing has focused on logic operations via quasi-static prescribed displacements in origami, bistable, and soft deformable matter. Here, we present a first attempt to describe the fundamental framework of an elastic neuromorphic metasurface that performs distinct classification tasks, providing a new set of challenges, given the complex nature of elastic waves with respect to scattering and manipulation. Multiple layers of reconfigurable waveguides are phase-trained via constant weights and trainable activation functions in a manner that enables the resultant wave scattering at the readout location to focus on the correct class within the detection plane. We further demonstrate the neuromorphic system’s reconfigurability in performing two distinct tasks, eliminating the need for costly remanufacturing.","PeriodicalId":7985,"journal":{"name":"APL Materials","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2024-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141064080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Seth W. Kurfman, Andrew Franson, Piyush Shah, Yueguang Shi, Hil Fung Harry Cheung, Katherine E. Nygren, Mitchell Swyt, Kristen S. Buchanan, Gregory D. Fuchs, Michael E. Flatté, Gopalan Srinivasan, Michael Page, Ezekiel Johnston-Halperin
We demonstrate indirect electric-field control of ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) in devices that integrate the low-loss, molecule-based, room-temperature ferrimagnet vanadium tetracyanoethylene (V[TCNE]x∼2) mechanically coupled to PMN-PT piezoelectric transducers. Upon straining the V[TCNE]x films, the FMR frequency is tuned by more than 6 times the resonant linewidth with no change in Gilbert damping for samples with α = 6.5 × 10−5. We show this tuning effect is due to a strain-dependent magnetic anisotropy in the films and find the magnetoelastic coefficient |λs| ∼ (1–4.4) ppm, backed by theoretical predictions from density-functional theory calculations and magnetoelastic theory. Noting the rapidly expanding application space for strain-tuned FMR, we define a new metric for magnetostrictive materials, magnetostrictive agility, given by the ratio of the magnetoelastic coefficient to the FMR linewidth. This agility allows for a direct comparison between magnetostrictive materials in terms of their comparative efficacy for magnetoelectric applications requiring ultra-low loss magnetic resonance modulated by strain. With this metric, we show V[TCNE]x is competitive with other magnetostrictive materials, including YIG and Terfenol-D. This combination of ultra-narrow linewidth and magnetostriction, in a system that can be directly integrated into functional devices without requiring heterogeneous integration in a thin film geometry, promises unprecedented functionality for electric-field tuned microwave devices ranging from low-power, compact filters and circulators to emerging applications in quantum information science and technology.
{"title":"In situ electric-field control of ferromagnetic resonance in the low-loss organic-based ferrimagnet V[TCNE]x∼2","authors":"Seth W. Kurfman, Andrew Franson, Piyush Shah, Yueguang Shi, Hil Fung Harry Cheung, Katherine E. Nygren, Mitchell Swyt, Kristen S. Buchanan, Gregory D. Fuchs, Michael E. Flatté, Gopalan Srinivasan, Michael Page, Ezekiel Johnston-Halperin","doi":"10.1063/5.0189565","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0189565","url":null,"abstract":"We demonstrate indirect electric-field control of ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) in devices that integrate the low-loss, molecule-based, room-temperature ferrimagnet vanadium tetracyanoethylene (V[TCNE]x∼2) mechanically coupled to PMN-PT piezoelectric transducers. Upon straining the V[TCNE]x films, the FMR frequency is tuned by more than 6 times the resonant linewidth with no change in Gilbert damping for samples with α = 6.5 × 10−5. We show this tuning effect is due to a strain-dependent magnetic anisotropy in the films and find the magnetoelastic coefficient |λs| ∼ (1–4.4) ppm, backed by theoretical predictions from density-functional theory calculations and magnetoelastic theory. Noting the rapidly expanding application space for strain-tuned FMR, we define a new metric for magnetostrictive materials, magnetostrictive agility, given by the ratio of the magnetoelastic coefficient to the FMR linewidth. This agility allows for a direct comparison between magnetostrictive materials in terms of their comparative efficacy for magnetoelectric applications requiring ultra-low loss magnetic resonance modulated by strain. With this metric, we show V[TCNE]x is competitive with other magnetostrictive materials, including YIG and Terfenol-D. This combination of ultra-narrow linewidth and magnetostriction, in a system that can be directly integrated into functional devices without requiring heterogeneous integration in a thin film geometry, promises unprecedented functionality for electric-field tuned microwave devices ranging from low-power, compact filters and circulators to emerging applications in quantum information science and technology.","PeriodicalId":7985,"journal":{"name":"APL Materials","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2024-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141062814","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Frederick T.-K. So, Nene Hariki, Masaya Nemoto, Alexander I. Shames, Ming Liu, Akihiko Tsurui, Taro Yoshikawa, Yuto Makino, Masanao Ohori, Masanori Fujiwara, Ernst David Herbschleb, Naoya Morioka, Izuru Ohki, Masahiro Shirakawa, Ryuji Igarashi, Masahiro Nishikawa, Norikazu Mizuochi
Detonation nanodiamond (DND) is the smallest class of diamond nanocrystal capable of hosting various color centers with a size akin to molecular pores. Their negatively charged nitrogen-vacancy center (NV−) is a versatile tool for sensing a wide range of physical and even chemical parameters at the nanoscale. The NV− is, therefore, attracting interest as the smallest quantum sensor in biological research. Nonetheless, recent NV− enhancement in DND has yet to yield sufficient fluorescence per particle, leading to efforts to incorporate other group-IV color centers into DND. An example is adding a silicon dopant to the explosive mixture to create negatively charged silicon-vacancy centers (SiV−). In this paper, we report on efficient observation (∼50% of randomly selected spots) of the characteristic optically detected magnetic resonance (ODMR) NV− signal in silicon-doped DND (Si-DND) subjected to boiling acid surface cleaning. The NV− concentration is estimated by continuous-wave electron spin resonance spectroscopy to be 0.35 ppm without the NV− enrichment process. A temperature sensitivity of 0.36K/Hz in an NV− ensemble inside an aggregate of Si-DND is achieved via the ODMR-based technique. Transmission electron microscopy survey reveals that the Si-DNDs core sizes are ∼11.2 nm, the smallest among the nanodiamond’s temperature sensitivity studies. Furthermore, temperature sensing using both SiV− (all-optical technique) and NV− (ODMR-based technique) in the same confocal volume is demonstrated, showing Si-DND’s multimodal temperature sensing capability. The results of the study thereby pave a path for multi-color and multimodal biosensors and for decoupling the detected electrical field and temperature effects on the NV− center.
{"title":"Small multimodal thermometry with detonation-created multi-color centers in detonation nanodiamond","authors":"Frederick T.-K. So, Nene Hariki, Masaya Nemoto, Alexander I. Shames, Ming Liu, Akihiko Tsurui, Taro Yoshikawa, Yuto Makino, Masanao Ohori, Masanori Fujiwara, Ernst David Herbschleb, Naoya Morioka, Izuru Ohki, Masahiro Shirakawa, Ryuji Igarashi, Masahiro Nishikawa, Norikazu Mizuochi","doi":"10.1063/5.0201154","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0201154","url":null,"abstract":"Detonation nanodiamond (DND) is the smallest class of diamond nanocrystal capable of hosting various color centers with a size akin to molecular pores. Their negatively charged nitrogen-vacancy center (NV−) is a versatile tool for sensing a wide range of physical and even chemical parameters at the nanoscale. The NV− is, therefore, attracting interest as the smallest quantum sensor in biological research. Nonetheless, recent NV− enhancement in DND has yet to yield sufficient fluorescence per particle, leading to efforts to incorporate other group-IV color centers into DND. An example is adding a silicon dopant to the explosive mixture to create negatively charged silicon-vacancy centers (SiV−). In this paper, we report on efficient observation (∼50% of randomly selected spots) of the characteristic optically detected magnetic resonance (ODMR) NV− signal in silicon-doped DND (Si-DND) subjected to boiling acid surface cleaning. The NV− concentration is estimated by continuous-wave electron spin resonance spectroscopy to be 0.35 ppm without the NV− enrichment process. A temperature sensitivity of 0.36K/Hz in an NV− ensemble inside an aggregate of Si-DND is achieved via the ODMR-based technique. Transmission electron microscopy survey reveals that the Si-DNDs core sizes are ∼11.2 nm, the smallest among the nanodiamond’s temperature sensitivity studies. Furthermore, temperature sensing using both SiV− (all-optical technique) and NV− (ODMR-based technique) in the same confocal volume is demonstrated, showing Si-DND’s multimodal temperature sensing capability. The results of the study thereby pave a path for multi-color and multimodal biosensors and for decoupling the detected electrical field and temperature effects on the NV− center.","PeriodicalId":7985,"journal":{"name":"APL Materials","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2024-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140930664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mengjie Wang, Dan Li, Jiangtao Zhu, Junyu Liu, Yandong Yin, Yang Su, Chanyuan Jin, Juan Li, Can Yang Zhang
Gene therapy has been extensively investigated and widely used in biomedical fields, such as cancer treatment. However, the most important issues for gene therapy are stability, targeting effect, transfection efficacy, and safety of gene formulation after administration, which seriously limit the further application of gene therapy in clinic. Therefore, gene delivery could be a promising strategy for overcoming these challenges. Two-dimensional (2D) materials are rising nanomaterials with excellent physical and chemical properties, including large specific surface area, easy modification, high conversion efficiency of light, and good biocompatibility, which have achieved promising applications as vehicles for gene delivery in the disease treatment. In this review, we first summarized the research progress of 2D material-based nanosystems for gene delivery to improve the therapeutic efficacy. We discussed that 2D material-based gene delivery nanosystems showed high therapeutic efficacy for many diseases treatment, especially cancer. Furthermore, we also proposed that surface modification of 2D materials might be a promising strategy to prepare multi-functional gene carriers for combination therapy with enhanced treatment efficacy. Finally, the future research progress, challenges, and prospects of 2D material-based nanosystems for gene therapy were discussed and concluded. Conclusively, we believe that 2D material-based nanosystems with good biocompatibility and high transfection efficiency would be potentially used in clinical settings to improve the therapeutic efficacy of gene therapy.
{"title":"Recent advances on two-dimensional material-based nanosystems for gene delivery","authors":"Mengjie Wang, Dan Li, Jiangtao Zhu, Junyu Liu, Yandong Yin, Yang Su, Chanyuan Jin, Juan Li, Can Yang Zhang","doi":"10.1063/5.0209799","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0209799","url":null,"abstract":"Gene therapy has been extensively investigated and widely used in biomedical fields, such as cancer treatment. However, the most important issues for gene therapy are stability, targeting effect, transfection efficacy, and safety of gene formulation after administration, which seriously limit the further application of gene therapy in clinic. Therefore, gene delivery could be a promising strategy for overcoming these challenges. Two-dimensional (2D) materials are rising nanomaterials with excellent physical and chemical properties, including large specific surface area, easy modification, high conversion efficiency of light, and good biocompatibility, which have achieved promising applications as vehicles for gene delivery in the disease treatment. In this review, we first summarized the research progress of 2D material-based nanosystems for gene delivery to improve the therapeutic efficacy. We discussed that 2D material-based gene delivery nanosystems showed high therapeutic efficacy for many diseases treatment, especially cancer. Furthermore, we also proposed that surface modification of 2D materials might be a promising strategy to prepare multi-functional gene carriers for combination therapy with enhanced treatment efficacy. Finally, the future research progress, challenges, and prospects of 2D material-based nanosystems for gene therapy were discussed and concluded. Conclusively, we believe that 2D material-based nanosystems with good biocompatibility and high transfection efficiency would be potentially used in clinical settings to improve the therapeutic efficacy of gene therapy.","PeriodicalId":7985,"journal":{"name":"APL Materials","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2024-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140930669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Matthias Pacé, Oleksandr Kovalenko, José Solano, Michel Hehn, Matthieu Bailleul, Mircea Vomir
Spintronic THz emitters, consisting of Ta/Co/Pt trilayers patterned into lateral-sized rectangles in the 10 μm range, have been integrated in planar electromagnetic antennas of various types (dipole, bow-tie, and spiral). The antenna dimensions and shapes have been optimized with the help of electromagnetic simulations so as to maximize antenna efficiency in both narrow-band and broadband geometries at/around 1 THz. The THz emission has been studied using a pump–probe free space electro-optic sampling setup, both for single-emitter geometry and for arrays of emitters. The results show an increase in the detected THz signal for all antenna geometries, with enhancement ratios in the range of three to fifteen, depending on the antenna type and frequency range, together with changes in the emission bandwidth consistent with simulated characteristics.
{"title":"Increasing terahertz spintronic emission with planar antennas","authors":"Matthias Pacé, Oleksandr Kovalenko, José Solano, Michel Hehn, Matthieu Bailleul, Mircea Vomir","doi":"10.1063/5.0200413","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0200413","url":null,"abstract":"Spintronic THz emitters, consisting of Ta/Co/Pt trilayers patterned into lateral-sized rectangles in the 10 μm range, have been integrated in planar electromagnetic antennas of various types (dipole, bow-tie, and spiral). The antenna dimensions and shapes have been optimized with the help of electromagnetic simulations so as to maximize antenna efficiency in both narrow-band and broadband geometries at/around 1 THz. The THz emission has been studied using a pump–probe free space electro-optic sampling setup, both for single-emitter geometry and for arrays of emitters. The results show an increase in the detected THz signal for all antenna geometries, with enhancement ratios in the range of three to fifteen, depending on the antenna type and frequency range, together with changes in the emission bandwidth consistent with simulated characteristics.","PeriodicalId":7985,"journal":{"name":"APL Materials","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2024-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140930662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Shi Tang, Qing Liu, Mingcheng Song, Xiangshuai Li, Degang Ji, Ying-Wei Yang, Huimei Yu
The development of responsive and smart drug nanocarriers that defeat the tumor microenvironment that resists cancer therapy has attracted considerable attention in recent decades. Upgrades are sought to effectively increase the therapeutic efficacy of chemotherapy drugs and reduce damage to normal tissues. In this study, a new type of silica nano-particle carrier, dual-functionalized mesoporous silica nanobeans (DF-MSNB), is used to encapsulate the drug, doxorubicin (DOX), to form the DOX@DF-MSNB complex. The complex simultaneously releases drugs and tracks drug uptake by cells after the environmentally triggered release of the encapsulated drug and fluorophore. Upon sensing the high GSH level and low pH in the tumor microenvironment, the disulfide bond breaks in the linker between the drug and the carrier. An attached fluorescent group is activated, and the DOX drug is released from the carrier. Our results show that DOX@DF-MSNB co-localizes with mitochondria and lysosomes in A2780 cells, enabling DOX to subvert the cells’ mitochondrial function and activate macrophage and mitochondrial autophagy. The application of a mitochondrial autophagy inhibitor confirms that DOX@DF-MSNB inhibits tumor development by activating mitochondrial autophagy.
{"title":"A silica nanobean carrier utilizing lysosomal and mitochondrial autophagy to kill ovarian cancer cell","authors":"Shi Tang, Qing Liu, Mingcheng Song, Xiangshuai Li, Degang Ji, Ying-Wei Yang, Huimei Yu","doi":"10.1063/5.0210252","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0210252","url":null,"abstract":"The development of responsive and smart drug nanocarriers that defeat the tumor microenvironment that resists cancer therapy has attracted considerable attention in recent decades. Upgrades are sought to effectively increase the therapeutic efficacy of chemotherapy drugs and reduce damage to normal tissues. In this study, a new type of silica nano-particle carrier, dual-functionalized mesoporous silica nanobeans (DF-MSNB), is used to encapsulate the drug, doxorubicin (DOX), to form the DOX@DF-MSNB complex. The complex simultaneously releases drugs and tracks drug uptake by cells after the environmentally triggered release of the encapsulated drug and fluorophore. Upon sensing the high GSH level and low pH in the tumor microenvironment, the disulfide bond breaks in the linker between the drug and the carrier. An attached fluorescent group is activated, and the DOX drug is released from the carrier. Our results show that DOX@DF-MSNB co-localizes with mitochondria and lysosomes in A2780 cells, enabling DOX to subvert the cells’ mitochondrial function and activate macrophage and mitochondrial autophagy. The application of a mitochondrial autophagy inhibitor confirms that DOX@DF-MSNB inhibits tumor development by activating mitochondrial autophagy.","PeriodicalId":7985,"journal":{"name":"APL Materials","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2024-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140930441","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jorge Luis Vazquez, Amin Bahrami, Carolina Bohórquez, Eduardo Blanco, Manuel Dominguez, Gerardo Soto, Kornelius Nielsch, Hugo Tiznado
Electrolyte material optimization is crucial for electrochemical energy storage devices. The specific composition and structure have an impact on conductivity and stability, both of which are essential for efficient device performance. The effects of controlled incorporation of TiO2 into a Yttria-Stabilized Zirconia (YSZ) electrolyte using the atomic layer deposition (ALD) technique are investigated in this study. The surface chemical composition analysis reveals variations in the Ti oxidation state and a decrease in the O/(Zr + Y + Ti) ratio as TiO2 concentration increases. The formation of acceptor states near the valence band is proposed to reduce the bandgap with the Fermi level. The structural properties indicate that as TiO2 concentration increases, surface homogeneity and crystallite size increase. The contact angle with water indicates a hydrophobic behavior influenced by surface morphology and potential oxygen vacancies. Finally, electrical properties, measured in Ru/TiO2-doped YSZ/Au capacitors operated at temperatures between 100 and 170 °C, showed that the TiO2 incorporation improved the ionic conductivity, decreased the activation energy for conductivity, and improved the capacitance of the cells. This study highlights the importance of the ALD technique in solid-state electrolyte engineering for specific applications, such as energy storage devices.
{"title":"Structural, optical, and electrical characterization of TiO2-doped yttria-stabilized zirconia electrolytes grown by atomic layer deposition","authors":"Jorge Luis Vazquez, Amin Bahrami, Carolina Bohórquez, Eduardo Blanco, Manuel Dominguez, Gerardo Soto, Kornelius Nielsch, Hugo Tiznado","doi":"10.1063/5.0205375","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0205375","url":null,"abstract":"Electrolyte material optimization is crucial for electrochemical energy storage devices. The specific composition and structure have an impact on conductivity and stability, both of which are essential for efficient device performance. The effects of controlled incorporation of TiO2 into a Yttria-Stabilized Zirconia (YSZ) electrolyte using the atomic layer deposition (ALD) technique are investigated in this study. The surface chemical composition analysis reveals variations in the Ti oxidation state and a decrease in the O/(Zr + Y + Ti) ratio as TiO2 concentration increases. The formation of acceptor states near the valence band is proposed to reduce the bandgap with the Fermi level. The structural properties indicate that as TiO2 concentration increases, surface homogeneity and crystallite size increase. The contact angle with water indicates a hydrophobic behavior influenced by surface morphology and potential oxygen vacancies. Finally, electrical properties, measured in Ru/TiO2-doped YSZ/Au capacitors operated at temperatures between 100 and 170 °C, showed that the TiO2 incorporation improved the ionic conductivity, decreased the activation energy for conductivity, and improved the capacitance of the cells. This study highlights the importance of the ALD technique in solid-state electrolyte engineering for specific applications, such as energy storage devices.","PeriodicalId":7985,"journal":{"name":"APL Materials","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2024-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140930445","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The emphasis on producing high-energy and insensitive composite microspheres has increased in energetic materials. However, few methods are available for preparing good spherical and morphological composite microspheres. To produce composite microspheres that are both high-energy and safe, in this article, a continuous pipe-stream self-assembly device was constructed to produce FOX-7/HMX composite microspheres continuously and taking advantage of the principle that PVA and Tween-80 can reduce the surface tension of the microspheres in water. In comparison with the molding powders produced by the kneading way, the FOX-7/HMX composite microspheres prepared by this device had fewer surface defects, a denser structure, a more spherical shape, and a smaller range of particle sizes. The mechanical properties of the pressed columns were better, with maximum compressive strength and strain increased by 44.2% and 21.4%, respectively; and the flowability and bulk density were also improved to some extent (angle of repose: energetic microspheres vs kneading method molding powder, 26.6° vs 51.1°; bulk density: energetic microspheres vs kneading method molding powder, 0.522 vs 0.426 g/cm3). Mechanical sensitivity has also been significantly reduced. This article provides innovative ideas for preparing high-energy and insensitive composite microspheres using a continuous pipe-stream self-assembly device.
高能材料越来越重视生产高能量和不敏感的复合微球。然而，目前能制备良好球形和形态的复合微球的方法很少。为了制备既高能又安全的复合微球，本文利用 PVA 和吐温-80 能降低微球在水中的表面张力的原理，构建了一种连续管流自组装装置，以连续制备 FOX-7/HMX 复合微球。与捏合方式生产的成型粉末相比，该装置制备的 FOX-7/HMX 复合微球表面缺陷更少、结构更致密、形状更球形、粒度范围更小。压制柱的机械性能更好，最大抗压强度和应变分别提高了 44.2% 和 21.4%；流动性和堆积密度也得到了一定程度的改善（静止角：高能微球与捏合法成型粉末对比，26.6° vs 51.1°；堆积密度：高能微球与捏合法成型粉末对比，0.522 vs 0.426 g/cm3）。机械敏感性也显著降低。本文为使用连续管流自组装装置制备高能量、不敏感的复合微球提供了创新思路。
{"title":"Continuous pipe-stream self-assembly technology for preparation of high sphericity FOX-7/HMX energetic composite microspheres","authors":"Xiangyu Zhang, Jianquan Jing, Jiaoyang Liu, Liting Zhang, Leixin Qi, Chongwei An","doi":"10.1063/5.0208981","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0208981","url":null,"abstract":"The emphasis on producing high-energy and insensitive composite microspheres has increased in energetic materials. However, few methods are available for preparing good spherical and morphological composite microspheres. To produce composite microspheres that are both high-energy and safe, in this article, a continuous pipe-stream self-assembly device was constructed to produce FOX-7/HMX composite microspheres continuously and taking advantage of the principle that PVA and Tween-80 can reduce the surface tension of the microspheres in water. In comparison with the molding powders produced by the kneading way, the FOX-7/HMX composite microspheres prepared by this device had fewer surface defects, a denser structure, a more spherical shape, and a smaller range of particle sizes. The mechanical properties of the pressed columns were better, with maximum compressive strength and strain increased by 44.2% and 21.4%, respectively; and the flowability and bulk density were also improved to some extent (angle of repose: energetic microspheres vs kneading method molding powder, 26.6° vs 51.1°; bulk density: energetic microspheres vs kneading method molding powder, 0.522 vs 0.426 g/cm3). Mechanical sensitivity has also been significantly reduced. This article provides innovative ideas for preparing high-energy and insensitive composite microspheres using a continuous pipe-stream self-assembly device.","PeriodicalId":7985,"journal":{"name":"APL Materials","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2024-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140930663","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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