Seth W. Kurfman, Andrew Franson, Piyush Shah, Yueguang Shi, Hil Fung Harry Cheung, Katherine E. Nygren, Mitchell Swyt, Kristen S. Buchanan, Gregory D. Fuchs, Michael E. Flatté, Gopalan Srinivasan, Michael Page, Ezekiel Johnston-Halperin
We demonstrate indirect electric-field control of ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) in devices that integrate the low-loss, molecule-based, room-temperature ferrimagnet vanadium tetracyanoethylene (V[TCNE]x∼2) mechanically coupled to PMN-PT piezoelectric transducers. Upon straining the V[TCNE]x films, the FMR frequency is tuned by more than 6 times the resonant linewidth with no change in Gilbert damping for samples with α = 6.5 × 10−5. We show this tuning effect is due to a strain-dependent magnetic anisotropy in the films and find the magnetoelastic coefficient |λs| ∼ (1–4.4) ppm, backed by theoretical predictions from density-functional theory calculations and magnetoelastic theory. Noting the rapidly expanding application space for strain-tuned FMR, we define a new metric for magnetostrictive materials, magnetostrictive agility, given by the ratio of the magnetoelastic coefficient to the FMR linewidth. This agility allows for a direct comparison between magnetostrictive materials in terms of their comparative efficacy for magnetoelectric applications requiring ultra-low loss magnetic resonance modulated by strain. With this metric, we show V[TCNE]x is competitive with other magnetostrictive materials, including YIG and Terfenol-D. This combination of ultra-narrow linewidth and magnetostriction, in a system that can be directly integrated into functional devices without requiring heterogeneous integration in a thin film geometry, promises unprecedented functionality for electric-field tuned microwave devices ranging from low-power, compact filters and circulators to emerging applications in quantum information science and technology.
{"title":"In situ electric-field control of ferromagnetic resonance in the low-loss organic-based ferrimagnet V[TCNE]x∼2","authors":"Seth W. Kurfman, Andrew Franson, Piyush Shah, Yueguang Shi, Hil Fung Harry Cheung, Katherine E. Nygren, Mitchell Swyt, Kristen S. Buchanan, Gregory D. Fuchs, Michael E. Flatté, Gopalan Srinivasan, Michael Page, Ezekiel Johnston-Halperin","doi":"10.1063/5.0189565","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0189565","url":null,"abstract":"We demonstrate indirect electric-field control of ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) in devices that integrate the low-loss, molecule-based, room-temperature ferrimagnet vanadium tetracyanoethylene (V[TCNE]x∼2) mechanically coupled to PMN-PT piezoelectric transducers. Upon straining the V[TCNE]x films, the FMR frequency is tuned by more than 6 times the resonant linewidth with no change in Gilbert damping for samples with α = 6.5 × 10−5. We show this tuning effect is due to a strain-dependent magnetic anisotropy in the films and find the magnetoelastic coefficient |λs| ∼ (1–4.4) ppm, backed by theoretical predictions from density-functional theory calculations and magnetoelastic theory. Noting the rapidly expanding application space for strain-tuned FMR, we define a new metric for magnetostrictive materials, magnetostrictive agility, given by the ratio of the magnetoelastic coefficient to the FMR linewidth. This agility allows for a direct comparison between magnetostrictive materials in terms of their comparative efficacy for magnetoelectric applications requiring ultra-low loss magnetic resonance modulated by strain. With this metric, we show V[TCNE]x is competitive with other magnetostrictive materials, including YIG and Terfenol-D. This combination of ultra-narrow linewidth and magnetostriction, in a system that can be directly integrated into functional devices without requiring heterogeneous integration in a thin film geometry, promises unprecedented functionality for electric-field tuned microwave devices ranging from low-power, compact filters and circulators to emerging applications in quantum information science and technology.","PeriodicalId":7985,"journal":{"name":"APL Materials","volume":"126 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2024-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141062814","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Frederick T.-K. So, Nene Hariki, Masaya Nemoto, Alexander I. Shames, Ming Liu, Akihiko Tsurui, Taro Yoshikawa, Yuto Makino, Masanao Ohori, Masanori Fujiwara, Ernst David Herbschleb, Naoya Morioka, Izuru Ohki, Masahiro Shirakawa, Ryuji Igarashi, Masahiro Nishikawa, Norikazu Mizuochi
Detonation nanodiamond (DND) is the smallest class of diamond nanocrystal capable of hosting various color centers with a size akin to molecular pores. Their negatively charged nitrogen-vacancy center (NV−) is a versatile tool for sensing a wide range of physical and even chemical parameters at the nanoscale. The NV− is, therefore, attracting interest as the smallest quantum sensor in biological research. Nonetheless, recent NV− enhancement in DND has yet to yield sufficient fluorescence per particle, leading to efforts to incorporate other group-IV color centers into DND. An example is adding a silicon dopant to the explosive mixture to create negatively charged silicon-vacancy centers (SiV−). In this paper, we report on efficient observation (∼50% of randomly selected spots) of the characteristic optically detected magnetic resonance (ODMR) NV− signal in silicon-doped DND (Si-DND) subjected to boiling acid surface cleaning. The NV− concentration is estimated by continuous-wave electron spin resonance spectroscopy to be 0.35 ppm without the NV− enrichment process. A temperature sensitivity of 0.36K/Hz in an NV− ensemble inside an aggregate of Si-DND is achieved via the ODMR-based technique. Transmission electron microscopy survey reveals that the Si-DNDs core sizes are ∼11.2 nm, the smallest among the nanodiamond’s temperature sensitivity studies. Furthermore, temperature sensing using both SiV− (all-optical technique) and NV− (ODMR-based technique) in the same confocal volume is demonstrated, showing Si-DND’s multimodal temperature sensing capability. The results of the study thereby pave a path for multi-color and multimodal biosensors and for decoupling the detected electrical field and temperature effects on the NV− center.
{"title":"Small multimodal thermometry with detonation-created multi-color centers in detonation nanodiamond","authors":"Frederick T.-K. So, Nene Hariki, Masaya Nemoto, Alexander I. Shames, Ming Liu, Akihiko Tsurui, Taro Yoshikawa, Yuto Makino, Masanao Ohori, Masanori Fujiwara, Ernst David Herbschleb, Naoya Morioka, Izuru Ohki, Masahiro Shirakawa, Ryuji Igarashi, Masahiro Nishikawa, Norikazu Mizuochi","doi":"10.1063/5.0201154","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0201154","url":null,"abstract":"Detonation nanodiamond (DND) is the smallest class of diamond nanocrystal capable of hosting various color centers with a size akin to molecular pores. Their negatively charged nitrogen-vacancy center (NV−) is a versatile tool for sensing a wide range of physical and even chemical parameters at the nanoscale. The NV− is, therefore, attracting interest as the smallest quantum sensor in biological research. Nonetheless, recent NV− enhancement in DND has yet to yield sufficient fluorescence per particle, leading to efforts to incorporate other group-IV color centers into DND. An example is adding a silicon dopant to the explosive mixture to create negatively charged silicon-vacancy centers (SiV−). In this paper, we report on efficient observation (∼50% of randomly selected spots) of the characteristic optically detected magnetic resonance (ODMR) NV− signal in silicon-doped DND (Si-DND) subjected to boiling acid surface cleaning. The NV− concentration is estimated by continuous-wave electron spin resonance spectroscopy to be 0.35 ppm without the NV− enrichment process. A temperature sensitivity of 0.36K/Hz in an NV− ensemble inside an aggregate of Si-DND is achieved via the ODMR-based technique. Transmission electron microscopy survey reveals that the Si-DNDs core sizes are ∼11.2 nm, the smallest among the nanodiamond’s temperature sensitivity studies. Furthermore, temperature sensing using both SiV− (all-optical technique) and NV− (ODMR-based technique) in the same confocal volume is demonstrated, showing Si-DND’s multimodal temperature sensing capability. The results of the study thereby pave a path for multi-color and multimodal biosensors and for decoupling the detected electrical field and temperature effects on the NV− center.","PeriodicalId":7985,"journal":{"name":"APL Materials","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2024-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140930664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Matthias Pacé, Oleksandr Kovalenko, José Solano, Michel Hehn, Matthieu Bailleul, Mircea Vomir
Spintronic THz emitters, consisting of Ta/Co/Pt trilayers patterned into lateral-sized rectangles in the 10 μm range, have been integrated in planar electromagnetic antennas of various types (dipole, bow-tie, and spiral). The antenna dimensions and shapes have been optimized with the help of electromagnetic simulations so as to maximize antenna efficiency in both narrow-band and broadband geometries at/around 1 THz. The THz emission has been studied using a pump–probe free space electro-optic sampling setup, both for single-emitter geometry and for arrays of emitters. The results show an increase in the detected THz signal for all antenna geometries, with enhancement ratios in the range of three to fifteen, depending on the antenna type and frequency range, together with changes in the emission bandwidth consistent with simulated characteristics.
{"title":"Increasing terahertz spintronic emission with planar antennas","authors":"Matthias Pacé, Oleksandr Kovalenko, José Solano, Michel Hehn, Matthieu Bailleul, Mircea Vomir","doi":"10.1063/5.0200413","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0200413","url":null,"abstract":"Spintronic THz emitters, consisting of Ta/Co/Pt trilayers patterned into lateral-sized rectangles in the 10 μm range, have been integrated in planar electromagnetic antennas of various types (dipole, bow-tie, and spiral). The antenna dimensions and shapes have been optimized with the help of electromagnetic simulations so as to maximize antenna efficiency in both narrow-band and broadband geometries at/around 1 THz. The THz emission has been studied using a pump–probe free space electro-optic sampling setup, both for single-emitter geometry and for arrays of emitters. The results show an increase in the detected THz signal for all antenna geometries, with enhancement ratios in the range of three to fifteen, depending on the antenna type and frequency range, together with changes in the emission bandwidth consistent with simulated characteristics.","PeriodicalId":7985,"journal":{"name":"APL Materials","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2024-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140930662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mengjie Wang, Dan Li, Jiangtao Zhu, Junyu Liu, Yandong Yin, Yang Su, Chanyuan Jin, Juan Li, Can Yang Zhang
Gene therapy has been extensively investigated and widely used in biomedical fields, such as cancer treatment. However, the most important issues for gene therapy are stability, targeting effect, transfection efficacy, and safety of gene formulation after administration, which seriously limit the further application of gene therapy in clinic. Therefore, gene delivery could be a promising strategy for overcoming these challenges. Two-dimensional (2D) materials are rising nanomaterials with excellent physical and chemical properties, including large specific surface area, easy modification, high conversion efficiency of light, and good biocompatibility, which have achieved promising applications as vehicles for gene delivery in the disease treatment. In this review, we first summarized the research progress of 2D material-based nanosystems for gene delivery to improve the therapeutic efficacy. We discussed that 2D material-based gene delivery nanosystems showed high therapeutic efficacy for many diseases treatment, especially cancer. Furthermore, we also proposed that surface modification of 2D materials might be a promising strategy to prepare multi-functional gene carriers for combination therapy with enhanced treatment efficacy. Finally, the future research progress, challenges, and prospects of 2D material-based nanosystems for gene therapy were discussed and concluded. Conclusively, we believe that 2D material-based nanosystems with good biocompatibility and high transfection efficiency would be potentially used in clinical settings to improve the therapeutic efficacy of gene therapy.
{"title":"Recent advances on two-dimensional material-based nanosystems for gene delivery","authors":"Mengjie Wang, Dan Li, Jiangtao Zhu, Junyu Liu, Yandong Yin, Yang Su, Chanyuan Jin, Juan Li, Can Yang Zhang","doi":"10.1063/5.0209799","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0209799","url":null,"abstract":"Gene therapy has been extensively investigated and widely used in biomedical fields, such as cancer treatment. However, the most important issues for gene therapy are stability, targeting effect, transfection efficacy, and safety of gene formulation after administration, which seriously limit the further application of gene therapy in clinic. Therefore, gene delivery could be a promising strategy for overcoming these challenges. Two-dimensional (2D) materials are rising nanomaterials with excellent physical and chemical properties, including large specific surface area, easy modification, high conversion efficiency of light, and good biocompatibility, which have achieved promising applications as vehicles for gene delivery in the disease treatment. In this review, we first summarized the research progress of 2D material-based nanosystems for gene delivery to improve the therapeutic efficacy. We discussed that 2D material-based gene delivery nanosystems showed high therapeutic efficacy for many diseases treatment, especially cancer. Furthermore, we also proposed that surface modification of 2D materials might be a promising strategy to prepare multi-functional gene carriers for combination therapy with enhanced treatment efficacy. Finally, the future research progress, challenges, and prospects of 2D material-based nanosystems for gene therapy were discussed and concluded. Conclusively, we believe that 2D material-based nanosystems with good biocompatibility and high transfection efficiency would be potentially used in clinical settings to improve the therapeutic efficacy of gene therapy.","PeriodicalId":7985,"journal":{"name":"APL Materials","volume":"100 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2024-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140930669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Shi Tang, Qing Liu, Mingcheng Song, Xiangshuai Li, Degang Ji, Ying-Wei Yang, Huimei Yu
The development of responsive and smart drug nanocarriers that defeat the tumor microenvironment that resists cancer therapy has attracted considerable attention in recent decades. Upgrades are sought to effectively increase the therapeutic efficacy of chemotherapy drugs and reduce damage to normal tissues. In this study, a new type of silica nano-particle carrier, dual-functionalized mesoporous silica nanobeans (DF-MSNB), is used to encapsulate the drug, doxorubicin (DOX), to form the DOX@DF-MSNB complex. The complex simultaneously releases drugs and tracks drug uptake by cells after the environmentally triggered release of the encapsulated drug and fluorophore. Upon sensing the high GSH level and low pH in the tumor microenvironment, the disulfide bond breaks in the linker between the drug and the carrier. An attached fluorescent group is activated, and the DOX drug is released from the carrier. Our results show that DOX@DF-MSNB co-localizes with mitochondria and lysosomes in A2780 cells, enabling DOX to subvert the cells’ mitochondrial function and activate macrophage and mitochondrial autophagy. The application of a mitochondrial autophagy inhibitor confirms that DOX@DF-MSNB inhibits tumor development by activating mitochondrial autophagy.
{"title":"A silica nanobean carrier utilizing lysosomal and mitochondrial autophagy to kill ovarian cancer cell","authors":"Shi Tang, Qing Liu, Mingcheng Song, Xiangshuai Li, Degang Ji, Ying-Wei Yang, Huimei Yu","doi":"10.1063/5.0210252","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0210252","url":null,"abstract":"The development of responsive and smart drug nanocarriers that defeat the tumor microenvironment that resists cancer therapy has attracted considerable attention in recent decades. Upgrades are sought to effectively increase the therapeutic efficacy of chemotherapy drugs and reduce damage to normal tissues. In this study, a new type of silica nano-particle carrier, dual-functionalized mesoporous silica nanobeans (DF-MSNB), is used to encapsulate the drug, doxorubicin (DOX), to form the DOX@DF-MSNB complex. The complex simultaneously releases drugs and tracks drug uptake by cells after the environmentally triggered release of the encapsulated drug and fluorophore. Upon sensing the high GSH level and low pH in the tumor microenvironment, the disulfide bond breaks in the linker between the drug and the carrier. An attached fluorescent group is activated, and the DOX drug is released from the carrier. Our results show that DOX@DF-MSNB co-localizes with mitochondria and lysosomes in A2780 cells, enabling DOX to subvert the cells’ mitochondrial function and activate macrophage and mitochondrial autophagy. The application of a mitochondrial autophagy inhibitor confirms that DOX@DF-MSNB inhibits tumor development by activating mitochondrial autophagy.","PeriodicalId":7985,"journal":{"name":"APL Materials","volume":"156 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2024-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140930441","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jorge Luis Vazquez, Amin Bahrami, Carolina Bohórquez, Eduardo Blanco, Manuel Dominguez, Gerardo Soto, Kornelius Nielsch, Hugo Tiznado
Electrolyte material optimization is crucial for electrochemical energy storage devices. The specific composition and structure have an impact on conductivity and stability, both of which are essential for efficient device performance. The effects of controlled incorporation of TiO2 into a Yttria-Stabilized Zirconia (YSZ) electrolyte using the atomic layer deposition (ALD) technique are investigated in this study. The surface chemical composition analysis reveals variations in the Ti oxidation state and a decrease in the O/(Zr + Y + Ti) ratio as TiO2 concentration increases. The formation of acceptor states near the valence band is proposed to reduce the bandgap with the Fermi level. The structural properties indicate that as TiO2 concentration increases, surface homogeneity and crystallite size increase. The contact angle with water indicates a hydrophobic behavior influenced by surface morphology and potential oxygen vacancies. Finally, electrical properties, measured in Ru/TiO2-doped YSZ/Au capacitors operated at temperatures between 100 and 170 °C, showed that the TiO2 incorporation improved the ionic conductivity, decreased the activation energy for conductivity, and improved the capacitance of the cells. This study highlights the importance of the ALD technique in solid-state electrolyte engineering for specific applications, such as energy storage devices.
{"title":"Structural, optical, and electrical characterization of TiO2-doped yttria-stabilized zirconia electrolytes grown by atomic layer deposition","authors":"Jorge Luis Vazquez, Amin Bahrami, Carolina Bohórquez, Eduardo Blanco, Manuel Dominguez, Gerardo Soto, Kornelius Nielsch, Hugo Tiznado","doi":"10.1063/5.0205375","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0205375","url":null,"abstract":"Electrolyte material optimization is crucial for electrochemical energy storage devices. The specific composition and structure have an impact on conductivity and stability, both of which are essential for efficient device performance. The effects of controlled incorporation of TiO2 into a Yttria-Stabilized Zirconia (YSZ) electrolyte using the atomic layer deposition (ALD) technique are investigated in this study. The surface chemical composition analysis reveals variations in the Ti oxidation state and a decrease in the O/(Zr + Y + Ti) ratio as TiO2 concentration increases. The formation of acceptor states near the valence band is proposed to reduce the bandgap with the Fermi level. The structural properties indicate that as TiO2 concentration increases, surface homogeneity and crystallite size increase. The contact angle with water indicates a hydrophobic behavior influenced by surface morphology and potential oxygen vacancies. Finally, electrical properties, measured in Ru/TiO2-doped YSZ/Au capacitors operated at temperatures between 100 and 170 °C, showed that the TiO2 incorporation improved the ionic conductivity, decreased the activation energy for conductivity, and improved the capacitance of the cells. This study highlights the importance of the ALD technique in solid-state electrolyte engineering for specific applications, such as energy storage devices.","PeriodicalId":7985,"journal":{"name":"APL Materials","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2024-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140930445","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The emphasis on producing high-energy and insensitive composite microspheres has increased in energetic materials. However, few methods are available for preparing good spherical and morphological composite microspheres. To produce composite microspheres that are both high-energy and safe, in this article, a continuous pipe-stream self-assembly device was constructed to produce FOX-7/HMX composite microspheres continuously and taking advantage of the principle that PVA and Tween-80 can reduce the surface tension of the microspheres in water. In comparison with the molding powders produced by the kneading way, the FOX-7/HMX composite microspheres prepared by this device had fewer surface defects, a denser structure, a more spherical shape, and a smaller range of particle sizes. The mechanical properties of the pressed columns were better, with maximum compressive strength and strain increased by 44.2% and 21.4%, respectively; and the flowability and bulk density were also improved to some extent (angle of repose: energetic microspheres vs kneading method molding powder, 26.6° vs 51.1°; bulk density: energetic microspheres vs kneading method molding powder, 0.522 vs 0.426 g/cm3). Mechanical sensitivity has also been significantly reduced. This article provides innovative ideas for preparing high-energy and insensitive composite microspheres using a continuous pipe-stream self-assembly device.
高能材料越来越重视生产高能量和不敏感的复合微球。然而，目前能制备良好球形和形态的复合微球的方法很少。为了制备既高能又安全的复合微球，本文利用 PVA 和吐温-80 能降低微球在水中的表面张力的原理，构建了一种连续管流自组装装置，以连续制备 FOX-7/HMX 复合微球。与捏合方式生产的成型粉末相比，该装置制备的 FOX-7/HMX 复合微球表面缺陷更少、结构更致密、形状更球形、粒度范围更小。压制柱的机械性能更好，最大抗压强度和应变分别提高了 44.2% 和 21.4%；流动性和堆积密度也得到了一定程度的改善（静止角：高能微球与捏合法成型粉末对比，26.6° vs 51.1°；堆积密度：高能微球与捏合法成型粉末对比，0.522 vs 0.426 g/cm3）。机械敏感性也显著降低。本文为使用连续管流自组装装置制备高能量、不敏感的复合微球提供了创新思路。
{"title":"Continuous pipe-stream self-assembly technology for preparation of high sphericity FOX-7/HMX energetic composite microspheres","authors":"Xiangyu Zhang, Jianquan Jing, Jiaoyang Liu, Liting Zhang, Leixin Qi, Chongwei An","doi":"10.1063/5.0208981","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0208981","url":null,"abstract":"The emphasis on producing high-energy and insensitive composite microspheres has increased in energetic materials. However, few methods are available for preparing good spherical and morphological composite microspheres. To produce composite microspheres that are both high-energy and safe, in this article, a continuous pipe-stream self-assembly device was constructed to produce FOX-7/HMX composite microspheres continuously and taking advantage of the principle that PVA and Tween-80 can reduce the surface tension of the microspheres in water. In comparison with the molding powders produced by the kneading way, the FOX-7/HMX composite microspheres prepared by this device had fewer surface defects, a denser structure, a more spherical shape, and a smaller range of particle sizes. The mechanical properties of the pressed columns were better, with maximum compressive strength and strain increased by 44.2% and 21.4%, respectively; and the flowability and bulk density were also improved to some extent (angle of repose: energetic microspheres vs kneading method molding powder, 26.6° vs 51.1°; bulk density: energetic microspheres vs kneading method molding powder, 0.522 vs 0.426 g/cm3). Mechanical sensitivity has also been significantly reduced. This article provides innovative ideas for preparing high-energy and insensitive composite microspheres using a continuous pipe-stream self-assembly device.","PeriodicalId":7985,"journal":{"name":"APL Materials","volume":"42 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2024-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140930663","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
L. Bobzien, J. Allerbeck, S. E. Ammerman, R. Torsi, J. A. Robinson, B. Schuler
THz-pulse driven scanning tunneling microscopy (THz-STM) enables access to the ultrafast quantum dynamics of low-dimensional material systems at simultaneous ultrafast temporal and atomic spatial resolution. State-selective tunneling requires precise amplitude and phase control of the THz pulses combined with quantitative near-field waveform characterization. Here, we employ our state-of-the-art THz-STM with multi-MHz repetition rates, efficient THz generation, and precisely tunable THz waveforms to investigate a single sulfur vacancy in monolayer MoS2. We demonstrate that 2D transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) are an ideal platform for near-field waveform sampling by THz cross-correlation. Furthermore, we determine the THz voltage via QEV scans, which measure the THz rectified charge Q as a function of THz field amplitude E and dc bias Vdc. Mapping the complex energy landscape of localized states with a resolution down to 0.01 electrons per pulse facilitates state-selective tunneling to the HOMO and LUMO orbitals of a charged sulfur vacancy.
{"title":"Ultrafast state-selective tunneling in two-dimensional semiconductors with a phase- and amplitude-controlled THz-scanning tunneling microscope","authors":"L. Bobzien, J. Allerbeck, S. E. Ammerman, R. Torsi, J. A. Robinson, B. Schuler","doi":"10.1063/5.0200845","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0200845","url":null,"abstract":"THz-pulse driven scanning tunneling microscopy (THz-STM) enables access to the ultrafast quantum dynamics of low-dimensional material systems at simultaneous ultrafast temporal and atomic spatial resolution. State-selective tunneling requires precise amplitude and phase control of the THz pulses combined with quantitative near-field waveform characterization. Here, we employ our state-of-the-art THz-STM with multi-MHz repetition rates, efficient THz generation, and precisely tunable THz waveforms to investigate a single sulfur vacancy in monolayer MoS2. We demonstrate that 2D transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) are an ideal platform for near-field waveform sampling by THz cross-correlation. Furthermore, we determine the THz voltage via QEV scans, which measure the THz rectified charge Q as a function of THz field amplitude E and dc bias Vdc. Mapping the complex energy landscape of localized states with a resolution down to 0.01 electrons per pulse facilitates state-selective tunneling to the HOMO and LUMO orbitals of a charged sulfur vacancy.","PeriodicalId":7985,"journal":{"name":"APL Materials","volume":"58 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2024-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140930443","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xing-Yu Yang, Jia-Ying Cao, Xiao-hang Ma, Shi-Hao Ren, Yong-Li Liu, F. S. Meng, Yang Qi
Due to the differences in the treatment methods of the electron–ion interaction and the critical strain mode of the transition from semimetals to semiconductors, the corresponding strain modulation mechanism in layered bismuth (Bi) crystals remains elusive. In this work, the effects of van der Waals (vdW) correction on the crystal structure and electrical properties of Bi in an equilibrium/strained state are comparatively studied based on the density functional theory. It is found that vdW corrections can better describe the layered crystal and bandgap structure of Bi under equilibrium/strain conditions. With the vdW modification, bismuth can be converted from a semimetal to a semiconductor within a small compression range that is experimentally available. This transition is induced by the transfer of the conduction band minimum and the valence band maximum and is related to the competition of the near-band edge energy state near the Fermi level of bismuth. The present results not only provide guidance for the accurate study of the crystal structure and electronic properties of complex model systems, such as Bi or Bi-based inherently nanostructured materials, but also reveal strain regulation mechanism of Bi and predict its potential application in the semiconductor electronic devices.
{"title":"Effect of bonding description and strain regulation on the conductive transition of Bi semimetal","authors":"Xing-Yu Yang, Jia-Ying Cao, Xiao-hang Ma, Shi-Hao Ren, Yong-Li Liu, F. S. Meng, Yang Qi","doi":"10.1063/5.0206964","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0206964","url":null,"abstract":"Due to the differences in the treatment methods of the electron–ion interaction and the critical strain mode of the transition from semimetals to semiconductors, the corresponding strain modulation mechanism in layered bismuth (Bi) crystals remains elusive. In this work, the effects of van der Waals (vdW) correction on the crystal structure and electrical properties of Bi in an equilibrium/strained state are comparatively studied based on the density functional theory. It is found that vdW corrections can better describe the layered crystal and bandgap structure of Bi under equilibrium/strain conditions. With the vdW modification, bismuth can be converted from a semimetal to a semiconductor within a small compression range that is experimentally available. This transition is induced by the transfer of the conduction band minimum and the valence band maximum and is related to the competition of the near-band edge energy state near the Fermi level of bismuth. The present results not only provide guidance for the accurate study of the crystal structure and electronic properties of complex model systems, such as Bi or Bi-based inherently nanostructured materials, but also reveal strain regulation mechanism of Bi and predict its potential application in the semiconductor electronic devices.","PeriodicalId":7985,"journal":{"name":"APL Materials","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2024-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140930738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Md. Bakey Billa, Mohammad Tariqul Islam, Touhidul Alam, Md. Shabiul Islam, Asraf Mohamed Moubark, Haitham Alsaif, Saleh Albadran, Ahmed Alzamil, Ahmed S. Alshammari
This paper presents a conductive component tailored to a flexible substrate using Al-doped CoxCa(0.90−x)Ni0.10Fe2O4 (x = 0.25, 0.50, and 0.75) for visible to near-infrared (NIR) spectra in magneto-optical applications. The developed nanoparticles show uniformity, nanosized grains, and capillary nanopore fusion characteristics, which are confirmed by x-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy, and energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy analyses, respectively. The XRD analysis revealed crystallite sizes of 33.36, 37.08, and 44.25 nm and particle sizes of 45.6, 34.6, and 31.5 nm for the compositions x = 0.25, 0.50, and 0.75, respectively. The Al-doped nanoparticles are converted to a flexible solid substrate utilizing a polyvinyl alcohol matrix, facilitating conformality to build complex shapes and broadening their application scope. The structure shows higher absorption across 450–720 nm, 480–720 nm, and 200–850 nm spectra for x = 0.25, 0.50, and 0.75, respectively. The distinctive magnetic and electrical properties are also evaluated through magnetic force microscopy and conductive atomic force microscopy, culminating in a substrate with exceptional control over light–matter interactions with smooth surfaces with lower surface roughness. The vibrating sample magnetometer analysis of the substrate shows how varying cobalt content affects magnetic properties relevant for visible to near-infrared (NIR) applications, offering insights into coercivity, magnetization, and retentivity changes at different x values. The perceptible novelties of this work are advancements in material sciences aimed at enhancing light manipulation and flexibility for electronic devices.
本文介绍了使用掺铝 CoxCa(0.90-x)Ni0.10Fe2O4（x = 0.25、0.50 和 0.75）为柔性基底定制的导电元件，可用于磁光应用中的可见光至近红外（NIR）光谱。X 射线衍射（XRD）、场发射扫描电子显微镜和能量色散 X 射线光谱分析分别证实了所开发的纳米粒子具有均匀性、纳米粒度和毛细管纳米孔融合特性。X 射线衍射分析表明，成分 x = 0.25、0.50 和 0.75 时，结晶尺寸分别为 33.36、37.08 和 44.25 纳米，颗粒尺寸分别为 45.6、34.6 和 31.5 纳米。利用聚乙烯醇基质将掺铝纳米粒子转化为柔性固体基底，有利于构建复杂的形状并扩大其应用范围。当 x = 0.25、0.50 和 0.75 时，该结构分别在 450-720 纳米、480-720 纳米和 200-850 纳米光谱范围内显示出更高的吸收率。此外，还通过磁力显微镜和导电原子力显微镜对独特的磁性和电性进行了评估，最终得到了一种对光与物质的相互作用具有卓越控制能力的基底，其表面光滑，粗糙度较低。对基板进行的振动样品磁力计分析表明，不同的钴含量如何影响与可见光到近红外（NIR）应用相关的磁性能，从而深入了解不同 x 值下的矫顽力、磁化率和保持率变化。这项工作的新颖之处在于推动了材料科学的发展，旨在增强电子设备的光操控性和灵活性。
{"title":"Structural, morphological, optical, electrical, and magnetic properties of aluminum-doped CoxCa(0.90−x)Ni0.10Fe2O4 flexible substrate for visible to NIR spectra applications","authors":"Md. Bakey Billa, Mohammad Tariqul Islam, Touhidul Alam, Md. Shabiul Islam, Asraf Mohamed Moubark, Haitham Alsaif, Saleh Albadran, Ahmed Alzamil, Ahmed S. Alshammari","doi":"10.1063/5.0203785","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0203785","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a conductive component tailored to a flexible substrate using Al-doped CoxCa(0.90−x)Ni0.10Fe2O4 (x = 0.25, 0.50, and 0.75) for visible to near-infrared (NIR) spectra in magneto-optical applications. The developed nanoparticles show uniformity, nanosized grains, and capillary nanopore fusion characteristics, which are confirmed by x-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy, and energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy analyses, respectively. The XRD analysis revealed crystallite sizes of 33.36, 37.08, and 44.25 nm and particle sizes of 45.6, 34.6, and 31.5 nm for the compositions x = 0.25, 0.50, and 0.75, respectively. The Al-doped nanoparticles are converted to a flexible solid substrate utilizing a polyvinyl alcohol matrix, facilitating conformality to build complex shapes and broadening their application scope. The structure shows higher absorption across 450–720 nm, 480–720 nm, and 200–850 nm spectra for x = 0.25, 0.50, and 0.75, respectively. The distinctive magnetic and electrical properties are also evaluated through magnetic force microscopy and conductive atomic force microscopy, culminating in a substrate with exceptional control over light–matter interactions with smooth surfaces with lower surface roughness. The vibrating sample magnetometer analysis of the substrate shows how varying cobalt content affects magnetic properties relevant for visible to near-infrared (NIR) applications, offering insights into coercivity, magnetization, and retentivity changes at different x values. The perceptible novelties of this work are advancements in material sciences aimed at enhancing light manipulation and flexibility for electronic devices.","PeriodicalId":7985,"journal":{"name":"APL Materials","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2024-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140930442","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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