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Effect of Internal Tibial Torque on ACL Tear at the Femoral Enthesis. 胫骨内扭矩对股骨末端前交叉韧带撕裂的影响。
IF 5.4 2区 医学 Q3 ENGINEERING, BIOMEDICAL Pub Date : 2026-03-21 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-026-04098-6
Yeseop Park, Seunghee Yu, Youkeun K Oh

Purpose: This study aims to investigate the relationship between increasing internal tibial torque (ITT) and the distribution of stress on the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL), with a focus on identifying the location of tear initiation and propagation. In particular, the study emphasizes the femoral enthesis as a potential site of geometric vulnerability during pivot landing.

Methods: A three-dimensional finite element model of the ACL was developed and combined with an extended finite element method framework to simulate tear initiation and propagation. The model was driven by torque-indexed, three-dimensional knee kinematics obtained from previous in silico knee simulations that were validated against in vitro cadaveric knee tests (15 specimens). ITT was applied in graded steps to reproduce pivot landing-relevant internal rotation loading. Stress/strain fields were evaluated, and tear initiation/propagation were tracked to quantify damage evolution.

Results: Maximum von Mises stress increased proportionally with ITT and localized near the femoral enthesis, with a mean increase of 26.56% for each 5Nm increase in torque. Stress concentration consistently occurred at the posterolateral bundle attachment on the femoral side, where tear initiation was predicted. With further ITT increases, the tear propagated from the femoral enthesis, indicating a torque-dependent damage progression mechanism.

Conclusion: Increased ITT produced reproducible stress/strain concentration at the femoral enthesis, supporting structural vulnerability during pivot landing. This approach extends stress-only analyses by predicting rupture initiation and tear progression. These findings may inform prevention and rehabilitation by highlighting the roles of ITT and femoral insertion morphology in ACL tear initiation and propagation.

目的:本研究旨在探讨胫骨内扭矩(ITT)的增加与前交叉韧带(ACL)应力分布的关系,重点是确定撕裂发生和传播的位置。该研究特别强调了股骨内端是枢轴着地时潜在的几何易损处。方法:建立前交叉韧带三维有限元模型,并结合扩展有限元方法框架模拟撕裂的发生和传播。该模型由扭矩指数驱动,三维膝关节运动学从先前的硅膝关节模拟中获得,并通过体外尸体膝关节试验(15个标本)进行验证。ITT应用于分级步骤来重现枢轴着陆相关的内部旋转载荷。评估了应力/应变场,并跟踪了撕裂的发生/扩展,以量化损伤的演变。结果:最大von Mises应力随ITT增大成比例增大,且定位于股骨尾端附近,扭矩每增加5Nm,平均增加26.56%。应力集中始终发生在股侧的后外侧束附着处,在那里可以预测撕裂的发生。随着ITT的进一步增加,撕裂从股骨内端扩散,表明了一种与扭矩相关的损伤进展机制。结论:ITT的增加在股骨末端产生可重复的应力/应变集中,支持支点着落时的结构脆弱性。这种方法通过预测破裂起始和撕裂进展扩展了仅应力分析。这些发现可以通过强调ITT和股骨止点形态在ACL撕裂发生和传播中的作用,为预防和康复提供信息。
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引用次数: 0
Linguistic, Orthographic, and Typographical Errors in Science (LOTS): A Growing Threat to Academic Integrity. 科学中的语言、正字法和排版错误:对学术诚信的日益严重的威胁。
IF 5.4 2区 医学 Q3 ENGINEERING, BIOMEDICAL Pub Date : 2026-03-21 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-026-04084-y
Jaime A Teixeira da Silva, Timothy Daly

Biomedical engineers produce knowledge and artifacts. Across the life cycle of an idea, errors can creep in. In this letter, we propose the term linguistic, orthographic, and typographical errors in science (LOTS) to represent a category of errors that threaten the truthfulness and integrity of scientific literature and engineering projects. They include documented cases of the misuse of generative artificial intelligence (GAI). LOTS consist of four categories: (1) simple spelling errors; (2) the semantic deformation of technical terms, in the form of 'tortured phrases'; (3) letter or symbol-switching; and (4) formatting errors that impact the veracity of knowledge, or distort the precision of scientific representation, such as the absence or overuse of capitalization, the incorrect use or absence of italicization, the failure to deanonymize information, cloned template text, or GAI-generated "hallucinations." We introduce small analyses to assess the incidence of dopamine-ß-hydroxylase, ß-secretase, and ß-adrenoreceptors (erroneous Eszett formats) supposedly representing dopamine-β-hydroxylase (DBH), β-secretase, and β-adrenoreceptors, respectively, in PubMed. We suggest that virtuous biomedical engineers should address LOTS. To improve the screening of LOTS, we argue in favor of a common framework for scholarly text integrity analysis.

生物医学工程师生产知识和人工制品。在一个想法的整个生命周期中,错误可能会悄悄出现。在这封信中,我们提出术语语言学、正字法和科学印刷错误(LOTS)来代表一类威胁科学文献和工程项目的真实性和完整性的错误。其中包括滥用生成式人工智能(GAI)的记录案例。lot由四类组成:(1)简单的拼写错误;(2)专业术语的语义变形,以“扭曲短语”的形式出现;(三)字母、符号转换;(4)影响知识准确性或扭曲科学表述准确性的格式错误,如缺少或过度使用大写、不正确使用或缺少斜体、信息去匿名化失败、克隆模板文本或人工智能生成的“幻觉”。我们引入了小型分析来评估多巴胺-ß-羟化酶、ß-分泌酶和ß-肾上腺素受体(错误的Eszett格式)在PubMed中分别代表多巴胺-β-羟化酶(DBH)、β-分泌酶和β-肾上腺素受体的发生率。我们建议有道德的生物医学工程师应该解决很多问题。为了提高lot的筛选,我们主张建立一个学术文本完整性分析的通用框架。
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引用次数: 0
Design and Validation of a Hand Interossei Muscle Dynamometer (HIMDNA) for Finger Abduction and Adduction Strength Measurement. 用于手指外展和内收强度测量的手骨间肌测力仪(HIMDNA)的设计和验证。
IF 5.4 2区 医学 Q3 ENGINEERING, BIOMEDICAL Pub Date : 2026-03-21 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-026-04077-x
Seung Yeon Cho, Geunwu Gimm, Sungwoo Park, Seung Jae Choi, Jaeyoung Kim, Minwoo Cho, Jihyeung Kim, Sungwan Kim

Purpose: Interossei muscles of the hand, innervated primarily by the ulnar nerve, are essential for coordinated finger abduction and adduction. Quantitative strength assessment of these key actions, which support precision grip and fine motor control, may aid in the diagnosis and monitoring of neuropathic conditions including cubital tunnel syndrome. This study aimed to develop and validate a novel Hand Interossei Muscle Dynamometer (HIMDNA) for quantifying finger abduction and adduction strength for the index to little fingers and to establish normative values for healthy adults.

Methods: HIMDNA was designed based on hand morphology, incorporating a load cell within a fixed frame and a linear guide mechanism to ensure uniaxial, examiner-independent force measurements. The abduction and adduction strengths of 48 healthy adults aged 20-39 years were measured and validated against index and little finger abduction measurements obtained with a handheld dynamometer (HHD). The inter- and intra-rater reliabilities and overall usability of HIMDNA were then compared with those of HHD.

Results: HIMDNA demonstrated excellent agreement with HHD (Pearson's r = 0.927 ~ 0.967; ICC = 0.911 ~ 0.956) and superior inter- and intra-rater reliabilities (ICC = 0.963 ~ 0.983). Normative values were approximately 4.5 ~ 23.4 N, with greater strength in the radial than ulnar direction except for the little finger. Participants rated HIMDNA higher in usefulness, effectiveness, and overall satisfaction than HHD.

Conclusion: HIMDNA provided a reliable, valid, and user-friendly way of quantifying finger abduction and adduction strengths, suggesting its potential as a standardized and clinically applicable tool for evaluating the strength of interossei muscles quantitatively in patients with ulnar nerve disorders.

目的:手的骨间肌,主要由尺神经支配,是协调手指外展和内收所必需的。这些关键动作的定量强度评估,支持精确握力和精细运动控制,可能有助于诊断和监测神经病变条件,包括肘管综合征。本研究旨在开发和验证一种新的手部骨间肌测力仪(HIMDNA),用于量化食指到小指的手指外展和内收力量,并为健康成人建立规范性值。方法:HIMDNA是基于手部形态设计的,包括一个固定框架内的称重传感器和一个线性导向机构,以确保单轴、独立于检查者的力测量。用手持式测力仪(HHD)测量了48例20-39岁健康成人的食指和小指外展强度,并对其进行了验证。然后将HIMDNA的内部可靠性和总体可用性与HHD的可靠性进行比较。结果:HIMDNA与HHD具有良好的一致性(Pearson’s r = 0.927 ~ 0.967; ICC = 0.911 ~ 0.956),具有良好的组间和组内信度(ICC = 0.963 ~ 0.983)。正常值约为4.5 ~ 23.4 N,除小指外,桡侧强度大于尺侧。参与者对HIMDNA的有用性、有效性和总体满意度的评价高于HHD。结论:HIMDNA提供了一种可靠、有效、用户友好的量化手指外展和内收力量的方法,表明其有潜力作为一种标准化的、临床适用的工具,定量评估尺神经疾病患者的骨间肌肉力量。
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引用次数: 0
Elution, Porosity, and Mechanical Performance of Vancomycin-Loaded Polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) Bone Cement. 万古霉素负载聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)骨水泥的洗脱、孔隙度和力学性能。
IF 5.4 2区 医学 Q3 ENGINEERING, BIOMEDICAL Pub Date : 2026-03-21 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-026-04081-1
Kwong Weng Loh, Amber Haseeb, Zhi Cheong Lee, Yang Zhen Soo, Cindy Shuan Ju Teh, Azlina Amir Abbas

Purpose: Antibiotic-loaded bone cements (ALBCs) are widely used in managing prosthetic joint infection (PJI). This study aimed to compare the antibiotic elution, surface porosity, and mechanical properties of polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) cement loaded with vancomycin using powdered and liquid incorporation methods.

Methods: High-viscosity Palacos R® PMMA was impregnated with 1-4 g vancomycin (powdered or dissolved in water) per 40 g cement. Beads, cylinders, and blocks were fabricated. Antibiotic release was quantified by high-performance liquid chromatography HPLC over 6 weeks. Porosity was assessed by micro-CT whilst compressive and bending strength were measured on an Instron® material testing system.

Results: Powder-mixed beads showed higher cumulative vancomycin release, whilst liquid-mixed beads showed greater porosity than powder-mixed beads. For both powder and liquid-mixed formulations, increasing vancomycin concentration was associated with a dose-dependent reduction in compressive and bending strength compared with control group. Differences between liquid and powder mixed specimens were formulation and loading mode-dependent and were not uniformly directional across concentrations.

Conclusion: Smaller PMMA beads and powder-mixed formulations demonstrated greater early release and higher sustained elution over time, resulting in superior cumulative antibiotic delivery compared with larger beads and liquid-mixed formulations. These findings highlight the need to balance antimicrobial efficacy and mechanical requirements when tailoring formulation of ALBC, particularly in spacer relevant clinical applications.

目的:载抗生素骨水泥(ALBCs)广泛应用于假体关节感染(PJI)的治疗。本研究旨在比较万古霉素粉末状和液体掺入法负载的聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)水泥的抗生素洗脱、表面孔隙度和力学性能。方法:高粘度Palacos R®PMMA每40 g水泥浸渍1-4 g万古霉素(粉末状或溶于水)。珠子、圆柱体和块被制造出来。采用高效液相色谱法测定6周内抗生素释放量。孔隙率由micro-CT评估,抗压强度和抗弯强度由Instron®材料测试系统测量。结果:粉末混合微球具有较高的万古霉素累积释放量,而液体混合微球的孔隙度大于粉末混合微球。对于粉末和液体混合制剂,与对照组相比,万古霉素浓度的增加与抗压和弯曲强度的剂量依赖性降低有关。液体和粉末混合标本之间的差异取决于配方和加载模式,并且在浓度上不是均匀定向的。结论:较小的PMMA微珠和粉末混合制剂与较大的微珠和液体混合制剂相比,表现出更大的早期释放和更高的持续洗脱,从而产生更好的累积抗生素递送。这些发现强调了在定制ALBC配方时需要平衡抗菌功效和机械要求,特别是在间隔器相关的临床应用中。
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引用次数: 0
Impact of the Design of Aortic Bioprostheses on Valve Function: A Parametric Study. 主动脉生物假体设计对瓣膜功能的影响:参数化研究。
IF 5.4 2区 医学 Q3 ENGINEERING, BIOMEDICAL Pub Date : 2026-03-20 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-026-04080-2
Nicolas Bueno, Viktória Stanová, Julien Favier, Philippe Pibarot

Purpose: Structural valve deterioration of aortic bioprosthetic heart valves (BHV) is influenced by leaflet mechanical stress, dependent on design parameters. This study provides a mathematical description of BHV geometry based on these geometric parameters and investigates their influence on valve function.

Methods: Ten BHV models with variations in geometric parameters were tested under controlled conditions in a cardiac simulator. The Trifecta valve TF-25 (Abbott) was used as a reference geometry to define the "normal" mathematical valve design and was also experimentally tested. The valves were made of silicone using 3D-printed molds. Hemodynamic performance was assessed by Doppler echocardiography. Leaflet motion and strain fields were analyzed with stereophotogrammetry and digital image correlation.

Results: There was no significant difference in hemodynamic performance between the Trifecta valve and the "normal" silicone valve (p > 0.05). Increased leaflet thickness, smaller diameters, and greater belly curvature reduced significantly (p < 0.01) the hemodynamic performance, while taller leaflets and greater free-edge angle relative to the commissural plane improved the valve performance. Strains during diastole were highest near the commissures. Increased leaflet thickness reduced leaflets deformation, whereas smaller diameters resulted in localized deformation peaks. A greater free-edge angle minimized deformation and increased spacing between leaflets caused inward pulling near stent posts. Excess leaflet height promoted leaflet pinwheeling.

Conclusion: The in vitro analysis reveals the differences between various geometries, emphasizing the importance of valve design for BHV function and durability. The development of new BHVs could be improved through in vitro testing. Furthermore, these in vitro experiments can be replicated to evaluate the geometry of native valves.

目的:主动脉瓣生物人工心脏瓣膜(BHV)的结构瓣膜恶化受叶片机械应力的影响,且受设计参数的影响。本研究基于这些几何参数给出了BHV几何的数学描述,并研究了它们对阀门功能的影响。方法:在控制条件下,在心脏模拟器中对10个几何参数变化的BHV模型进行测试。triecta阀门TF-25 (Abbott)被用作定义“正常”数学阀门设计的参考几何形状,并进行了实验测试。这些阀门是用3d打印模具由硅胶制成的。采用多普勒超声心动图评价血流动力学表现。利用立体摄影测量和数字图像相关技术对叶片运动和应变场进行了分析。结果:triecta瓣膜与“正常”硅胶瓣膜的血流动力学性能差异无统计学意义(p < 0.05)。结论:体外分析揭示了不同几何形状之间的差异,强调了瓣膜设计对BHV功能和耐用性的重要性。新的bhv的开发可以通过体外测试来改进。此外,这些体外实验可以被复制来评估天然瓣膜的几何形状。
{"title":"Impact of the Design of Aortic Bioprostheses on Valve Function: A Parametric Study.","authors":"Nicolas Bueno, Viktória Stanová, Julien Favier, Philippe Pibarot","doi":"10.1007/s10439-026-04080-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10439-026-04080-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Structural valve deterioration of aortic bioprosthetic heart valves (BHV) is influenced by leaflet mechanical stress, dependent on design parameters. This study provides a mathematical description of BHV geometry based on these geometric parameters and investigates their influence on valve function.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Ten BHV models with variations in geometric parameters were tested under controlled conditions in a cardiac simulator. The Trifecta valve TF-25 (Abbott) was used as a reference geometry to define the \"normal\" mathematical valve design and was also experimentally tested. The valves were made of silicone using 3D-printed molds. Hemodynamic performance was assessed by Doppler echocardiography. Leaflet motion and strain fields were analyzed with stereophotogrammetry and digital image correlation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There was no significant difference in hemodynamic performance between the Trifecta valve and the \"normal\" silicone valve (p > 0.05). Increased leaflet thickness, smaller diameters, and greater belly curvature reduced significantly (p < 0.01) the hemodynamic performance, while taller leaflets and greater free-edge angle relative to the commissural plane improved the valve performance. Strains during diastole were highest near the commissures. Increased leaflet thickness reduced leaflets deformation, whereas smaller diameters resulted in localized deformation peaks. A greater free-edge angle minimized deformation and increased spacing between leaflets caused inward pulling near stent posts. Excess leaflet height promoted leaflet pinwheeling.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The in vitro analysis reveals the differences between various geometries, emphasizing the importance of valve design for BHV function and durability. The development of new BHVs could be improved through in vitro testing. Furthermore, these in vitro experiments can be replicated to evaluate the geometry of native valves.</p>","PeriodicalId":7986,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Biomedical Engineering","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147490324","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
W-STFNet: A Wavelet Transform-Based Regularized Hybrid Recursive Spatiotemporal Fusion Registration Network. 基于小波变换的正则化混合递归时空融合配准网络。
IF 5.4 2区 医学 Q3 ENGINEERING, BIOMEDICAL Pub Date : 2026-03-19 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-026-04049-1
Xing Chen, Xinyu Liu, Zhijia Wang, Ying Wei

Purpose: Deformable image registration (DIR) is a crucial technique in medical image analysis and is particularly important for 4D-CT-guided lung radiotherapy, where accurate spatiotemporal alignment and deformation plausibility are required for downstream tasks such as dose accumulation. However, many existing learning-based methods are limited in modeling global spatiotemporal dependencies and in preserving fine anatomical structures under large respiratory motion.    METHODS: To address these issues, this paper proposes a wavelet transform-based regularized hybrid recursive spatiotemporal fusion registration network (W-STFNet). The proposed method incorporates SwinLSTM to effectively capture global spatiotemporal dependencies. To achieve better semantic integration of features across scales and time steps, a multi-scale spatiotemporal attention fusion (MSTAF) module is proposed, which improves the network's robustness and stability. Additionally, we design a novel frequency-domain loss function based on Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT), which optimizes fine-grained structural matching by aligning high-frequency sub-bands, effectively improving the accuracy of high-frequency detail registration. The method is optimized in an unsupervised, patient-specific one-shot setting without anatomical annotations or multi-patient pretraining.    RESULTS: Experiments on two public 4D-CT datasets (DIR-Lab and POPI-model) show that W-STFNet achieves competitive registration accuracy and stable performance across cases with varying deformation amplitudes. On DIR-Lab, W-STFNet attains a mean TRE of     1.13 ± 0.72 mm , and on POPI-model a mean TRE of     0.87 ± 0.56 mm , substantially reducing the initial misalignment. A two-sided paired Wilcoxon signed-rank test further supports that W-STFNet differs significantly from several learning-based baselines under the reported settings, although the absolute differences should be interpreted with respect to image resolution and annotation uncertainty.    CONCLUSION: W-STFNet provides an annotation-free, patient-specific one-shot registration framework that achieves robust and competitive performance for 4D-CT lung DIR, particularly in handling image registration scenarios involving large deformations and complex temporal dynamics.

目的:形变图像配准(DIR)是医学图像分析中的一项关键技术,对于4d - ct引导的肺部放射治疗尤其重要,其中下游任务(如剂量累积)需要精确的时空对齐和变形合理性。然而,许多现有的基于学习的方法在模拟全局时空依赖性和保存大呼吸运动下的精细解剖结构方面受到限制。方法:针对这些问题,本文提出了一种基于小波变换的正则化混合递归时空融合配准网络(W-STFNet)。该方法结合了SwinLSTM,能够有效地捕获全局时空依赖关系。为了更好地实现跨尺度、跨时间步长特征的语义整合,提出了一种多尺度时空注意融合模块,提高了网络的鲁棒性和稳定性。此外,我们设计了一种基于离散小波变换(DWT)的频域损失函数,该函数通过对准高频子带来优化细粒度结构匹配,有效提高了高频细节配准的精度。该方法在无监督、患者特异性的一次性设置下进行了优化,没有解剖注释或多患者预训练。结果:在两个公开的4D-CT数据集(DIR-Lab和POPI-model)上的实验表明,W-STFNet在不同变形幅值的情况下都具有相当的配准精度和稳定的性能。在DIR-Lab上,W-STFNet的平均偏移距离为1.13±0.72 mm,在popi模型上的平均偏移距离为0.87±0.56 mm,大大减少了初始偏差。双侧配对Wilcoxon符号秩检验进一步支持了W-STFNet在报告设置下与几个基于学习的基线有显著差异,尽管绝对差异应该从图像分辨率和注释不确定性方面来解释。结论:W-STFNet提供了一个无注释的、针对患者的一次性配准框架,可实现4D-CT肺部DIR的鲁棒性和竞争性性能,特别是在处理涉及大变形和复杂时间动态的图像配准场景时。
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引用次数: 0
Morphological Variation in the Human Mitral Valve Using Statistical Shape Modelling. 利用统计形状模型研究人类二尖瓣的形态变异。
IF 5.4 2区 医学 Q3 ENGINEERING, BIOMEDICAL Pub Date : 2026-03-19 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-026-04060-6
Hyab Mehari Abraha, Chris Goddard, Rebecca Bryan, George Hyde-Linaker, Claire Conway

Statistical shape modelling (SSM) offers a robust framework for quantifying anatomical variability and constructing representative virtual patient cohorts of 3D anatomies that can be used as the foundation of biomechanical in silico clinical trials. In this study, we developed a SSM of the mitral valve using 72 contrast-enhanced computed tomography angiography (CTA) scans of the heart. Principal component analysis revealed dominant modes of shape variation that align with previously reported anatomical patterns in the literature, validating the model's physiological relevance. The resulting shape model effectively captures the geometric diversity of the mitral valve without making any presuppositions about the importance of landmarks or linear measurements. Our results demonstrate the utility of SSMs in generating virtual patient populations from existing scan data. These findings support the integration of SSMs into computational modelling pipelines for preclinical testing, device design, and personalised medicine.

统计形状建模(SSM)为量化解剖变异性和构建具有代表性的三维解剖虚拟患者队列提供了一个强大的框架,可作为生物力学在硅临床试验中的基础。在这项研究中,我们利用72次增强计算机断层血管造影(CTA)对心脏进行扫描,建立了二尖瓣的SSM。主成分分析揭示了形状变化的主要模式,与文献中先前报道的解剖模式一致,验证了该模型的生理相关性。由此产生的形状模型有效地捕获了二尖瓣的几何多样性,而无需对地标或线性测量的重要性进行任何预设。我们的结果证明了ssm在从现有扫描数据生成虚拟患者群体中的效用。这些发现支持将ssm整合到临床前测试、设备设计和个性化医疗的计算建模管道中。
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引用次数: 0
Longitudinal and Dose-Response Considerations for Electrical Impedance Tomography in Cycling Training Research. 电阻抗断层扫描在自行车训练研究中的纵向和剂量反应考虑。
IF 5.4 2区 医学 Q3 ENGINEERING, BIOMEDICAL Pub Date : 2026-03-19 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-026-04092-y
Tian Ruan
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引用次数: 0
From Early Models to Emerging Trends: The Evolution of Computational Hemolysis Prediction. 从早期模型到新兴趋势:计算溶血预测的演变。
IF 5.4 2区 医学 Q3 ENGINEERING, BIOMEDICAL Pub Date : 2026-03-19 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-026-04063-3
Ilaria Guidetti, Maria Laura Costantino, Francesco De Gaetano

Mechanical hemolysis remains one of the most critical complications associated with blood-contacting devices. Computational prediction of blood damage has been widely adopted as a key tool for evaluating the hemolytic potential of cardiovascular devices. Although numerical hemolysis modeling has been investigated since the 1990s, a universally accurate and predictive approach is still lacking. This review traces the evolution of computational hemolysis models, from the earliest stress-based power-law formulation to recent strain-based approaches that describe the red blood cells at cellular and molecular levels. It examines the various definitions of the power-law shear stress found in literature, including Von Mises-like formulations, extensions incorporating extensional or Reynolds stresses and those based on turbulent dissipation rate or deformation of the red blood cell. The broad range of power-law constants reported in literature is summarized, together with their development conditions. Furthermore, the Lagrangian and Eulerian approaches used for numerical hemolysis predictions are analyzed in detail. Finally, emerging trends and future directions are highlighted, offering insights into the pathways toward more reliable hemolysis modeling.

机械性溶血仍然是与血液接触装置相关的最严重并发症之一。血液损伤的计算预测已被广泛采用为评估心血管装置溶血潜能的关键工具。尽管自20世纪90年代以来已经研究了溶血数值模拟,但仍然缺乏普遍准确和预测的方法。这篇综述追溯了计算溶血模型的发展,从最早的基于压力的幂律公式到最近的基于菌株的方法,在细胞和分子水平上描述红细胞。它检查了文献中幂律剪切应力的各种定义,包括Von Mises-like公式,包含伸展或雷诺兹应力的扩展以及基于红细胞湍流耗散率或变形的扩展。综述了文献报道的幂律常数的广泛范围及其发展情况。此外,还详细分析了用于溶血数值预测的拉格朗日和欧拉方法。最后,强调了新兴趋势和未来方向,为更可靠的溶血建模途径提供了见解。
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引用次数: 0
Upper Limb Fatigue Information Variation Analysis Based on Parallel Brain and Muscle Functional Networks. 基于脑肌平行功能网络的上肢疲劳信息变异分析。
IF 5.4 2区 医学 Q3 ENGINEERING, BIOMEDICAL Pub Date : 2026-03-18 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-026-04079-9
Xiaoguang Liu, Pengyuan Lin, Aoqi Guo, Tie Liang, Jun Li, Zhaopeng Li

Purpose: Muscle fatigue is accompanied by coordinated changes in both neuromuscular activation and cortical activity. Traditional fatigue assessment methods based on single physiological signals often fail to capture system-level reorganization of the brain-muscle control network. This study aims to characterize upper limb muscle fatigue by analyzing parallel functional networks derived from surface electromyography (sEMG) and electroencephalography (EEG) signals.

Methods: Sixteen healthy participants performed sustained isometric elbow flexion tasks under non-fatigued and fatigued conditions. Multichannel sEMG signals from eight upper limb muscles and EEG signals from 21 scalp locations were simultaneously recorded. Functional muscle networks and functional brain networks were constructed independently using generalized partial directed coherence. Network topology was quantified using average clustering coefficient (ACC), average global efficiency (AGE), and average shortest path length (APL) in relevant frequency bands.

Results: In the muscle functional network, fatigue was associated with a significant increase in ACC and AGE, accompanied by a reduction in APL, indicating enhanced local clustering and more efficient information transfer among muscles. In the brain functional network, significant changes were observed primarily in the beta-band, with increased ACC and AGE and decreased APL following fatigue. In contrast, gamma-band network metrics showed limited or non-significant alterations. These results suggest that fatigue-related neuromuscular adaptation is reflected at the network topology level rather than through isolated signal features.

Conclusion: The proposed brain and muscle functional network framework provides a system-level characterization of upper limb muscle fatigue based on parallel EEG and sEMG network analysis. By capturing fatigue-related changes in network topology, this approach provides a system-level reference for investigating neuromuscular coordination under fatigue and lays a methodological foundation for future rehabilitation-oriented fatigue monitoring studies.

目的:肌肉疲劳伴随着神经肌肉激活和皮层活动的协调变化。传统的基于单一生理信号的疲劳评估方法往往无法捕捉到脑肌控制网络的系统级重组。本研究旨在通过分析来自表面肌电图(sEMG)和脑电图(EEG)信号的平行功能网络来表征上肢肌肉疲劳。方法:16名健康参与者在非疲劳和疲劳条件下进行持续等距肘关节屈曲任务。同时记录上肢8块肌肉的多通道肌电信号和头皮21个部位的脑电图信号。功能肌肉网络和功能脑网络使用广义部分定向相干性独立构建。利用相关频段的平均聚类系数(ACC)、平均全局效率(AGE)和平均最短路径长度(APL)对网络拓扑进行量化。结果:在肌肉功能网络中,疲劳与ACC和AGE的显著增加相关,并伴有APL的减少,表明局部聚类增强,肌肉之间的信息传递更有效。在脑功能网络中,主要在β带观察到显著的变化,疲劳后ACC和AGE增加,APL减少。相比之下,伽马波段网络指标显示有限或无显著变化。这些结果表明,疲劳相关的神经肌肉适应反映在网络拓扑水平上,而不是通过孤立的信号特征。结论:提出的脑和肌肉功能网络框架提供了基于并行脑电图和肌电图网络分析的上肢肌肉疲劳的系统级表征。通过捕获疲劳相关的网络拓扑变化,该方法为研究疲劳下的神经肌肉协调提供了系统级参考,并为未来以康复为导向的疲劳监测研究奠定了方法学基础。
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Annals of Biomedical Engineering
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