Pub Date : 2024-03-04DOI: 10.1186/s13595-024-01227-w
Abstract
Key message
Seven European beech provenances differing largely in growth performance were grown at two common garden sites in Germany and Slovakia. The intra-specific variability of most traits was explained more by phenotypic plasticity than inter-provenance variability, and efficiency-related traits showed a higher phenotypic plasticity than safety-related traits.
Context
To maintain climate-resilient future forests, replicated common-garden experiments are suited for developing assisted migration strategies for key tree species.
Aims
We analysed the magnitude of inter-provenance variability and phenotypic plasticity for 12 functional traits of European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) and analysed whether the climate at the place of origin left an imprint. Moreover, we asked whether growth is unrelated to xylem safety and to what extent the foliar, xylem and growth-related traits are coordinated.
Methods
Terminal branches were collected from 19-year-old and 22-year-old trees of seven European beech provenances planted at two common garden sites in Germany and Slovakia, respectively. Three hydraulic, three wood anatomical and four foliar traits were measured and related to two growth-related variables.
Results
At the two sites, the same pair of provenances showed the highest and lowest growth. Nevertheless, a high degree of phenotypic plasticity was observed, as all traits differed significantly between sites after accounting for provenance effects, with hydraulic safety-related traits showing the lowest and efficiency-related traits the highest plasticity. There was no evidence for inter-provenance variability in xylem embolism resistance (P50) or the foliar carbon isotope signature (δ13C), a proxy for intrinsic water use efficiency (iWUE), and both were unrelated to growth. P50 was positively correlated with the lumen-to-sapwood area ratio and vessel density.
Conclusions
Because of the lacking trade-off between embolism resistance and growth, highly productive provenances can be selected without reducing the drought tolerance of the branch xylem. However, as xylem safety is only one element of a trees’ drought response, it may be beneficial to select provenances with other more conservative drought adaptations such as smaller vessel lumen areas for increasing xylem safety and small supported total leaf areas for reduction of total transpiration.
{"title":"Inter-provenance variability and phenotypic plasticity of wood and leaf traits related to hydraulic safety and efficiency in seven European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) provenances differing in yield","authors":"","doi":"10.1186/s13595-024-01227-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13595-024-01227-w","url":null,"abstract":"<h3>Abstract</h3> <span> <h3>Key message</h3> <p>Seven European beech provenances differing largely in growth performance were grown at two common garden sites in Germany and Slovakia. The intra-specific variability of most traits was explained more by phenotypic plasticity than inter-provenance variability, and efficiency-related traits showed a higher phenotypic plasticity than safety-related traits.</p> </span> <span> <h3>Context</h3> <p>To maintain climate-resilient future forests, replicated common-garden experiments are suited for developing assisted migration strategies for key tree species.</p> </span> <span> <h3>Aims</h3> <p>We analysed the magnitude of inter-provenance variability and phenotypic plasticity for 12 functional traits of European beech (<em>Fagus sylvatica</em> L.) and analysed whether the climate at the place of origin left an imprint. Moreover, we asked whether growth is unrelated to xylem safety and to what extent the foliar, xylem and growth-related traits are coordinated.</p> </span> <span> <h3>Methods</h3> <p>Terminal branches were collected from 19-year-old and 22-year-old trees of seven European beech provenances planted at two common garden sites in Germany and Slovakia, respectively. Three hydraulic, three wood anatomical and four foliar traits were measured and related to two growth-related variables.</p> </span> <span> <h3>Results</h3> <p>At the two sites, the same pair of provenances showed the highest and lowest growth. Nevertheless, a high degree of phenotypic plasticity was observed, as all traits differed significantly between sites after accounting for provenance effects, with hydraulic safety-related traits showing the lowest and efficiency-related traits the highest plasticity. There was no evidence for inter-provenance variability in xylem embolism resistance (<em>P</em> <sub>50</sub>) or the foliar carbon isotope signature (δ<sup>13</sup>C), a proxy for intrinsic water use efficiency (iWUE), and both were unrelated to growth. <em>P</em> <sub>50</sub> was positively correlated with the lumen-to-sapwood area ratio and vessel density.</p> </span> <span> <h3>Conclusions</h3> <p>Because of the lacking trade-off between embolism resistance and growth, highly productive provenances can be selected without reducing the drought tolerance of the branch xylem. However, as xylem safety is only one element of a trees’ drought response, it may be beneficial to select provenances with other more conservative drought adaptations such as smaller vessel lumen areas for increasing xylem safety and small supported total leaf areas for reduction of total transpiration.</p> </span>","PeriodicalId":7994,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Forest Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140026195","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-04DOI: 10.1186/s13595-024-01224-z
Ran Tong, Biyong Ji, G. Geoff Wang, Chenyang Lou, Cong Ma, Nianfu Zhu, Wenwen Yuan, Tonggui Wu
Key message
The forest canopy gaps, formed by natural or anthropogenic factors, have been found to reduce soil carbon content and increase nutrient availability. The magnitudes of these effects have been observed to increase with gap age and size, and are largely influenced by changes in temperature, precipitation, and solar radiation.
Context
Local studies have illustrated the influence of canopy gaps on the spatial heterogeneity of soil carbon and nutrients, playing a pivotal role in driving forest regeneration and succession. Nevertheless, it remains largely unknown whether the response of soil carbon and nutrient content to gap formation is consistent across forest ecosystems at global scale.
Aims
The aim of this paper is to assess the homogeneity of the observed responses of soil carbon and nutrients following gap formation among a wide array of forest ecosystems and climatic regions.
Methods
We performed a meta-analysis synthesizing 2127 pairwise observations from 52 published articles to quantify the changes in in soil physical, chemical, and microbial variables resulting from gap creation in natural forests and plantations spanning tropical to boreal regions.
Results
Canopy gaps resulted in significant decrease of soil organic carbon (Corg) and microbial carbon (Cmic). The concentrations of ammonium (NH4+), nitrate (NO3−), and available phosphorus (available P) increased following gap creation. These changes mainly occurred in the growing season and in the mineral soil layer, becoming more pronounced with increasing gap age and size. The change in Corg was negatively regulated by mean annual precipitation, and was associated with the changes in Nt and Nmic. The change in NH4+ was positively regulated by mean annual temperature, and was associated with the changes in available P and oxidoreductases (Ox-EEAs). The model explaining the change in soil carbon content exhibited a higher explanatory power than the one accounting for changes in soil nutrient availability.
Conclusion
The results indicated that forest canopy gaps resulted in a reduction in soil carbon content and an increase in nutrient availability. These findings contribute to a better understanding of the role of small-scale disturbances as drivers of forest ecosystem succession.
关键信息人们发现,由自然或人为因素形成的林冠间隙会降低土壤碳含量,增加养分供应。背景局部研究表明,冠层间隙对土壤碳和养分的空间异质性有影响,在推动森林再生和演替方面起着关键作用。然而,在全球范围内,不同森林生态系统的土壤碳含量和养分含量对树冠间隙形成的响应是否一致,这在很大程度上仍是个未知数。结果树冠间隙导致土壤有机碳(Corg)和微生物碳(Cmic)显著减少。铵(NH4+)、硝酸盐(NO3-)和可利用磷(可利用磷)的浓度在树冠间隙形成后有所增加。这些变化主要发生在生长季节和矿质土层中,随着隙缝年龄和大小的增加而变得更加明显。Corg 的变化受年平均降水量的负向调节,并与 Nt 和 Nmic 的变化相关。NH4+ 的变化受年平均气温的正向调节,与可用磷和氧化还原酶(Ox-EEAs)的变化有关。解释土壤碳含量变化的模型比解释土壤养分可用性变化的模型具有更高的解释力。这些发现有助于更好地理解小规模干扰在森林生态系统演替中的作用。
{"title":"Canopy gap impacts on soil organic carbon and nutrient dynamic: a meta-analysis","authors":"Ran Tong, Biyong Ji, G. Geoff Wang, Chenyang Lou, Cong Ma, Nianfu Zhu, Wenwen Yuan, Tonggui Wu","doi":"10.1186/s13595-024-01224-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13595-024-01224-z","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Key message</h3><p>The forest canopy gaps, formed by natural or anthropogenic factors, have been found to reduce soil carbon content and increase nutrient availability. The magnitudes of these effects have been observed to increase with gap age and size, and are largely influenced by changes in temperature, precipitation, and solar radiation.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Context</h3><p>Local studies have illustrated the influence of canopy gaps on the spatial heterogeneity of soil carbon and nutrients, playing a pivotal role in driving forest regeneration and succession. Nevertheless, it remains largely unknown whether the response of soil carbon and nutrient content to gap formation is consistent across forest ecosystems at global scale.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Aims</h3><p>The aim of this paper is to assess the homogeneity of the observed responses of soil carbon and nutrients following gap formation among a wide array of forest ecosystems and climatic regions.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p>We performed a meta-analysis synthesizing 2127 pairwise observations from 52 published articles to quantify the changes in in soil physical, chemical, and microbial variables resulting from gap creation in natural forests and plantations spanning tropical to boreal regions.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>Canopy gaps resulted in significant decrease of soil organic carbon (<i>C</i><sub>org</sub>) and microbial carbon (<i>C</i><sub>mic</sub>). The concentrations of ammonium (NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>), nitrate (NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup>), and available phosphorus (available P) increased following gap creation. These changes mainly occurred in the growing season and in the mineral soil layer, becoming more pronounced with increasing gap age and size. The change in <i>C</i><sub>org</sub> was negatively regulated by mean annual precipitation, and was associated with the changes in N<sub>t</sub> and N<sub><i>mic</i></sub>. The change in NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup> was positively regulated by mean annual temperature, and was associated with the changes in available P and oxidoreductases (Ox-EEAs). The model explaining the change in soil carbon content exhibited a higher explanatory power than the one accounting for changes in soil nutrient availability.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusion</h3><p>The results indicated that forest canopy gaps resulted in a reduction in soil carbon content and an increase in nutrient availability. These findings contribute to a better understanding of the role of small-scale disturbances as drivers of forest ecosystem succession.</p>","PeriodicalId":7994,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Forest Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140026322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-22DOI: 10.1186/s13595-024-01230-1
E. Arbuzova, Oleg A. Kulinich, Andrey A. Chalkin, N. I. Kozyreva, Vyacheslav V. Gorbach, A. Yu. Ryss
{"title":"Correction: Infestation of pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) seedlings with the pinewood nematode Bursaphelenchus xylophilus Steiner and Buhrer (Nickle) through wood sawdust","authors":"E. Arbuzova, Oleg A. Kulinich, Andrey A. Chalkin, N. I. Kozyreva, Vyacheslav V. Gorbach, A. Yu. Ryss","doi":"10.1186/s13595-024-01230-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13595-024-01230-1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7994,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Forest Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140438985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-19DOI: 10.1186/s13595-024-01223-0
Béatrice Richard, Alain Bénard, Stéphane Dumarçay, Francis Colin
Wood_db-chemistry gathers information on oak, beech and Douglas fir extractives studied between 1950 and 2020. The data can be used by researchers, stakeholders in the forest-wood sector and the chemical industry to make the most of the extractives and their bioactive properties through knowledge of their diversity in the forest resource. Dataset access is at https://doi.org/10.57745/QZYPUA. Associated metadata are available at https://metadata-afs.nancy.inra.fr/geonetwork/srv/fre/catalog.search#/metadata/4f8c07d2-c0f6-4958-8f74-936054a9870a.
{"title":"Wood, knots and bark extractives for oak, beech and Douglas fir: a dataset based on a review of the scientific literature","authors":"Béatrice Richard, Alain Bénard, Stéphane Dumarçay, Francis Colin","doi":"10.1186/s13595-024-01223-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13595-024-01223-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Wood_db-chemistry gathers information on oak, beech and Douglas fir extractives studied between 1950 and 2020. The data can be used by researchers, stakeholders in the forest-wood sector and the chemical industry to make the most of the extractives and their bioactive properties through knowledge of their diversity in the forest resource. Dataset access is at https://doi.org/10.57745/QZYPUA. Associated metadata are available at https://metadata-afs.nancy.inra.fr/geonetwork/srv/fre/catalog.search#/metadata/4f8c07d2-c0f6-4958-8f74-936054a9870a.</p>","PeriodicalId":7994,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Forest Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139925179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-15DOI: 10.1186/s13595-024-01221-2
Sylvain Mollier, Georges Kunstler, J. Dupouey, Stephen Mulero, Laurent Bergès
{"title":"Correction: Forest management and former land use have no effect on soil fungal diversity in uneven-aged mountain high forests","authors":"Sylvain Mollier, Georges Kunstler, J. Dupouey, Stephen Mulero, Laurent Bergès","doi":"10.1186/s13595-024-01221-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13595-024-01221-2","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7994,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Forest Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139774062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-15DOI: 10.1186/s13595-024-01221-2
Sylvain Mollier, Georges Kunstler, J. Dupouey, Stephen Mulero, Laurent Bergès
{"title":"Correction: Forest management and former land use have no effect on soil fungal diversity in uneven-aged mountain high forests","authors":"Sylvain Mollier, Georges Kunstler, J. Dupouey, Stephen Mulero, Laurent Bergès","doi":"10.1186/s13595-024-01221-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13595-024-01221-2","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7994,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Forest Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139833556","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-07DOI: 10.1186/s13595-024-01222-1
Abstract
Key message
Presence of Phytophthora ramorum (Werres, De Cock, and Man in ‘t Veld) in western France was studied after the detection of this invasive pathogen in 2017 in Larix kaempferi (Lamb.) and eradication of the affected stands. P. ramorum was seldom detected in the area of the outbreak in the year following eradication. However, we confirm that P. ramorum can multiply to epidemic level on chestnuts (Castanea sativa Mill.) in the absence of larch (Larix spp.). This represents the major risk in France.
Context
Phytophthora ramorum is an invasive oomycete that causes significant damage in the USA and Europe. Although the pathogen has been present in nurseries in France since 2002, the first outbreaks in forest stands were identified in 2017 in plantations of Larix kaempferi in two forests in western France (Saint-Cadou and Hanvec). In order to limit the development of the epidemic, neighboring larch stands were clear-cut.
Aim
This study investigated the presence of P. ramorum in the affected area after the eradication treatment.
Methods
Larch stands located within a 18-km radius of the reported outbreaks were investigated. We also monitored the native woody hosts present in infected clear-cut larch stands and in the vicinity of seven ornamental nurseries that had been infected by P. ramorum on several occasions in the past.
Results
Overall, a very limited presence of P. ramorum was detected in 2018–2021. Two new stands of infected L. kaempferi were found close to the main initial outbreak, in Saint-Cadou and Saint-Rivoal. The pathogen was only detected on rhododendrons and chestnut trees (Castanea sativa Mill.) in the vicinity of the outbreaks. In the Saint-Cadou state Forest, an outbreak of the disease developed in 2019–2021 on chestnut trees even though all the mature larch trees had been felled. P. ramorum was also detected near two of the formerly infected ornamental nurseries, on Castanea sativa and on rhododendrons.
Conclusion
While larches and rhododendrons are uncommon in the forests of north-western France, chestnut trees are present in 21–25% of the forest and therefore represent the major risk for the survival of P. ramorum in the region.
摘要:2017年在Larix kaempferi (Lamb.)发现了Phytophthora ramorum (Werres, De Cock, and Man in 't Veld)这一入侵病原体,并根除了受影响的林木后,对法国西部Phytophthora ramorum (Werres, De Cock, and Man in 't Veld)的存在情况进行了研究。在根除后的一年里,疫情爆发地区很少检测到鼠疫。然而,我们证实,在没有落叶松(Larix spp.)的情况下,P. ramorum 可在栗子(Castanea sativa Mill.)这也是法国的主要风险所在。 背景 Phytophthora ramorum 是一种入侵的卵菌,在美国和欧洲造成了严重危害。虽然该病原体自 2002 年起就出现在法国的苗圃中,但 2017 年在法国西部(圣卡杜和汉韦克)的两片森林中的 Larix kaempferi 人工林中首次发现了该病原体在林分中的爆发。为了限制疫情的发展,邻近的落叶松林被砍伐。 目的 本研究调查了根除处理后受影响地区的落叶松疫情。 方法 调查了位于报告疫情 18 公里半径范围内的落叶松林。我们还监测了受感染的落叶松林中的原生木质寄主,以及过去曾多次受到 P. ramorum 感染的七个观赏苗圃附近的原生木质寄主。 结果 总体而言,2018-2021 年检测到的落叶松寄主非常有限。在圣卡杜(Saint-Cadou)和圣里沃尔(Saint-Rivoal)的主要疫情爆发地附近,发现了两处新的受感染 L. kaempferi。病原体仅在疫情爆发附近的杜鹃花和栗树(Castanea sativa Mill.)上被检测到。在圣卡杜国家森林公园,尽管所有成熟的落叶松树都已被砍伐,但在 2019-2021 年,栗树上还是爆发了疫情。在两个曾受感染的观赏苗圃附近的蓖麻树和杜鹃花上也发现了 P. ramorum。 结论:落叶松和杜鹃花在法国西北部的森林中并不常见,而栗树在 21-25% 的森林中都有分布,因此栗树是 P. ramorum 在该地区生存的主要风险所在。
{"title":"Low persistence of Phytophthora ramorum (Werres, De Cock, and Man in ‘t Veld) in western France after implementation of eradication measures","authors":"","doi":"10.1186/s13595-024-01222-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13595-024-01222-1","url":null,"abstract":"<h3>Abstract</h3> <span> <h3>Key message</h3> <p>Presence of <em>Phytophthora ramorum</em> (Werres, De Cock, and Man in ‘t Veld<strong>)</strong> in western France was studied after the detection of this invasive pathogen in 2017 in <em>Larix kaempferi</em> (Lamb.) and eradication of the affected stands. <em>P. ramorum</em> was seldom detected in the area of the outbreak in the year following eradication. However, we confirm that <em>P. ramorum</em> can multiply to epidemic level on chestnuts (<em>Castanea sativa</em> Mill.) in the absence of larch (<em>Larix</em> spp.). This represents the major risk in France.</p> </span> <span> <h3>Context</h3> <p><em>Phytophthora ramorum</em> is an invasive oomycete that causes significant damage in the USA and Europe. Although the pathogen has been present in nurseries in France since 2002, the first outbreaks in forest stands were identified in 2017 in plantations of <em>Larix kaempferi</em> in two forests in western France (Saint-Cadou and Hanvec). In order to limit the development of the epidemic, neighboring larch stands were clear-cut.</p> </span> <span> <h3>Aim</h3> <p>This study investigated the presence of <em>P. ramorum</em> in the affected area after the eradication treatment.</p> </span> <span> <h3>Methods</h3> <p>Larch stands located within a 18-km radius of the reported outbreaks were investigated. We also monitored the native woody hosts present in infected clear-cut larch stands and in the vicinity of seven ornamental nurseries that had been infected by <em>P. ramorum</em> on several occasions in the past.</p> </span> <span> <h3>Results</h3> <p>Overall, a very limited presence of <em>P. ramorum</em> was detected in 2018–2021. Two new stands of infected <em>L. kaempferi</em> were found close to the main initial outbreak, in Saint-Cadou and Saint-Rivoal. The pathogen was only detected on rhododendrons and chestnut trees <em>(Castanea sativa Mill.)</em> in the vicinity of the outbreaks. In the Saint-Cadou state Forest, an outbreak of the disease developed in 2019–2021 on chestnut trees even though all the mature larch trees had been felled. <em>P. ramorum</em> was also detected near two of the formerly infected ornamental nurseries, on <em>Castanea sativa</em> and on rhododendrons.</p> </span> <span> <h3>Conclusion</h3> <p>While larches and rhododendrons are uncommon in the forests of north-western France, chestnut trees are present in 21–25% of the forest and therefore represent the major risk for the survival of <em>P. ramorum</em> in the region.</p> </span>","PeriodicalId":7994,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Forest Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139764818","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-05DOI: 10.1186/s13595-023-01220-9
Marco Ferretti, Christoph Fischer, Arthur Gessler, Catherine Graham, Katrin Meusburger, Meinrad Abegg, Peter Bebi, Ariel Bergamini, Eckehard G. Brockerhoff, Ivano Brunner, Christoph Bühler, Marco Conedera, Pierre Cothereau, Petra D’Odorico, Christoph Düggelin, Christian Ginzler, Alex Grendelmeier, Matthias Haeni, Frank Hagedorn, Martin Hägeli, Karin Tessa Hegetschweiler, Rolf Holderegger, Frank Krumm, Felix Gugerli, Valentin Queloz, Andreas Rigling, Anita C. Risch, Brigitte Rohner, Christian Rosset, Daniel Scherrer, Tobias Schulz, Esther Thürig, Berthold Traub, Georg von Arx, Peter Waldner, Thomas Wohlgemuth, Niklaus E. Zimmermann, Ross T. Shackleton
Evolving societal demands and accelerated ecological dynamics due to global change are rapidly altering forest ecosystems and their services. This has prompted the need for advancing forest inventorying and monitoring initatives to expand their scope, improve data collection, foster scientific understanding, and better inform policy responses. Here, we discuss the collaborative processes followed to develop an Advanced Inventorying and Monitoring (AIM) system for Swiss forests. Further, we provide the key messages that emerged from this process which can be of interest to those involved in similar processes at the national/international level.
{"title":"Advancing forest inventorying and monitoring","authors":"Marco Ferretti, Christoph Fischer, Arthur Gessler, Catherine Graham, Katrin Meusburger, Meinrad Abegg, Peter Bebi, Ariel Bergamini, Eckehard G. Brockerhoff, Ivano Brunner, Christoph Bühler, Marco Conedera, Pierre Cothereau, Petra D’Odorico, Christoph Düggelin, Christian Ginzler, Alex Grendelmeier, Matthias Haeni, Frank Hagedorn, Martin Hägeli, Karin Tessa Hegetschweiler, Rolf Holderegger, Frank Krumm, Felix Gugerli, Valentin Queloz, Andreas Rigling, Anita C. Risch, Brigitte Rohner, Christian Rosset, Daniel Scherrer, Tobias Schulz, Esther Thürig, Berthold Traub, Georg von Arx, Peter Waldner, Thomas Wohlgemuth, Niklaus E. Zimmermann, Ross T. Shackleton","doi":"10.1186/s13595-023-01220-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13595-023-01220-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Evolving societal demands and accelerated ecological dynamics due to global change are rapidly altering forest ecosystems and their services. This has prompted the need for advancing forest inventorying and monitoring initatives to expand their scope, improve data collection, foster scientific understanding, and better inform policy responses. Here, we discuss the collaborative processes followed to develop an Advanced Inventorying and Monitoring (AIM) system for Swiss forests. Further, we provide the key messages that emerged from this process which can be of interest to those involved in similar processes at the national/international level.</p>","PeriodicalId":7994,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Forest Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139689031","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We elucidated the age trends of narrow-sense heritability and phenotypic/genetic correlations and the age–age genetic correlation of growth ring components of Cryptomeria japonica D. Don by investigating progenies of controlled crossings by soft X-ray densitometry analysis. Wood density in the C. japonica breeding program can be efficiently improved by selecting trees with a higher earlywood density and latewood percentage as early as forest stand ages of 5–9 years.
Context
Wood density within the trunk is affected by the intra-ring wood density profile and its age trend from pith to bark. Wood density can be efficiently improved by clarifying whether wood density and highly correlated intra-ring components are under additive genetic control.
Aims
The aim of this study was to elucidate the age trends of narrow-sense heritability and phenotypic/genetic correlations of growth ring components and investigate the possibility of early selection for improving wood density in Cryptomeria japonica.
Methods
We quantified seven growth ring components (width, density, earlywood/latewood width, average earlywood/latewood density, and latewood percentage) for 5112 annual rings of 342 18-year-old trees derived from 24 controlled pollinated full-sib families of C. japonica plus tree clones by soft X-ray densitometry analysis. Genetic parameters and correlations among the seven growth ring components were analyzed using a linear mixed model and the breedR package.
Results
Earlywood density and latewood percentage exhibited a higher phenotypic and genetic correlation with ring density than the other ring components at almost all ages. Earlywood density and latewood percentage exhibited a lower correlation with ring width than the other ring components after a stand age of 5 years. The age–age genetic correlation of earlywood density and latewood percentage was 0.70 for a stand age of 17 years and was strong at stand ages of 5 and 9 years.
Conclusion
Efforts focusing on improving earlywood density and latewood percentage may contribute to improving wood density efficiently in tree breeding programs for C. japonica. Traits related to the ring density of C. japonica trees can possibly be selected as early as stand ages of 5–9 years, and the required period for progeny selection may be substantially shortened when selecting trees with high wood density.
{"title":"Inheritance of growth ring components and the possibility of early selection for higher wood density in Japanese cedar (Cryptomeria japonica D. Don)","authors":"Yuko Yasuda, Taiichi Iki, Yuya Takashima, Makoto Takahashi, Yuichiro Hiraoka, Kentaro Mishima","doi":"10.1186/s13595-023-01212-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13595-023-01212-9","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Key message</h3><p>We elucidated the age trends of narrow-sense heritability and phenotypic/genetic correlations and the age–age genetic correlation of growth ring components of <i>Cryptomeria japonica</i> D. Don by investigating progenies of controlled crossings by soft X-ray densitometry analysis. Wood density in the <i>C. japonica</i> breeding program can be efficiently improved by selecting trees with a higher earlywood density and latewood percentage as early as forest stand ages of 5–9 years.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Context</h3><p>Wood density within the trunk is affected by the intra-ring wood density profile and its age trend from pith to bark. Wood density can be efficiently improved by clarifying whether wood density and highly correlated intra-ring components are under additive genetic control.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Aims</h3><p>The aim of this study was to elucidate the age trends of narrow-sense heritability and phenotypic/genetic correlations of growth ring components and investigate the possibility of early selection for improving wood density in C<i>ryptomeria japonica</i>.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p>We quantified seven growth ring components (width, density, earlywood/latewood width, average earlywood/latewood density, and latewood percentage) for 5112 annual rings of 342 18-year-old trees derived from 24 controlled pollinated full-sib families of <i>C. japonica</i> plus tree clones by soft X-ray densitometry analysis. Genetic parameters and correlations among the seven growth ring components were analyzed using a linear mixed model and the breedR package.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>Earlywood density and latewood percentage exhibited a higher phenotypic and genetic correlation with ring density than the other ring components at almost all ages. Earlywood density and latewood percentage exhibited a lower correlation with ring width than the other ring components after a stand age of 5 years. The age–age genetic correlation of earlywood density and latewood percentage was 0.70 for a stand age of 17 years and was strong at stand ages of 5 and 9 years.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusion</h3><p>Efforts focusing on improving earlywood density and latewood percentage may contribute to improving wood density efficiently in tree breeding programs for <i>C. japonica</i>. Traits related to the ring density of <i>C. japonica</i> trees can possibly be selected as early as stand ages of 5–9 years, and the required period for progeny selection may be substantially shortened when selecting trees with high wood density.</p>","PeriodicalId":7994,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Forest Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139589088","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-15DOI: 10.1186/s13595-023-01215-6
Dominik Sperlich, Marc Hanewinkel, Rasoul Yousefpour
Key message
Drought severely worsened till 2100 and eventually outplayed growth-enhancing CO2 fertilization turning productivity gains into losses for beech and fir. Most scenarios generated notable losses in profitability but economic tipping points were later than for productivity due to lag effects related to discounting. Time mixture of fir and shortening rotation can counteract economic risks under climate change, but requires early admixture and moderate establishment costs.
Context
Adaptation strategies to climate change (CC) such as establishing mixed forests are often based on ecological understanding while economic rationale is often disregarded.
Aims
This paper studies CC uncertainty on productivity and profitability of European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) and Silver fir (Abies alba Mill.). Besides, the economic consequences to actively adapt beech forests by admixing Silver fir are investigated.
Methods
We used the process-based forest growth model GOTILWA + to simulate RCP2.6, RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 climatic projection by the MPI-ESM-LR global circulation model (MPI-ESM-LR) with the CO2 fertilization effect (eCO2) switched on and off. We analysed the sensitivity of the land expectation value (LEV) on CC and economic parameters.
Results
CC initially increased productivity, but declined after a tipping point (2040–2070) and later also profitability (2045–2100). RCP8.5 had positive, RCP2.6 negative and RCP4.5 neutral effects on LEV. Switching off eCO2 turned RCP8.5 from the most profitable to the least profitable scenario and the opposite for RCP2.6. CC generally reduced optimal rotation (Ropt) being scenario dependant, but comparatively more for fir than beech. Admixing fir created an economic benefit when implemented before stand age 50 of beech. This benefit was nullified with protection costs for browsing control (fencing or tree shelters).
Conclusions
Economic parameters (not CC) were the major source of uncertainty stemming from discounting factors and establishment costs. Admixture of fir and shortening rotation can provide a solution to tackle economic and climate uncertainties, but requires early admixture and browsing control.
{"title":"Aiming at a moving target: economic evaluation of adaptation strategies under the uncertainty of climate change and CO2 fertilization of European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) and Silver fir (Abies alba Mill.)","authors":"Dominik Sperlich, Marc Hanewinkel, Rasoul Yousefpour","doi":"10.1186/s13595-023-01215-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13595-023-01215-6","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Key message</h3><p>Drought severely worsened till 2100 and eventually outplayed growth-enhancing CO<sub>2</sub> fertilization turning productivity gains into losses for beech and fir. Most scenarios generated notable losses in profitability but economic tipping points were later than for productivity due to lag effects related to discounting. Time mixture of fir and shortening rotation can counteract economic risks under climate change, but requires early admixture and moderate establishment costs.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Context</h3><p>Adaptation strategies to climate change (CC) such as establishing mixed forests are often based on ecological understanding while economic rationale is often disregarded.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Aims</h3><p>This paper studies CC uncertainty on productivity and profitability of European beech (<i>Fagus sylvatica</i> L.) and Silver fir (<i>Abies alba</i> Mill.). Besides, the economic consequences to actively adapt beech forests by admixing Silver fir are investigated.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p>We used the process-based forest growth model GOTILWA + to simulate RCP2.6, RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 climatic projection by the MPI-ESM-LR global circulation model (MPI-ESM-LR) with the CO<sub>2</sub> fertilization effect (eCO<sub>2</sub>) switched on and off. We analysed the sensitivity of the land expectation value (LEV) on CC and economic parameters.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>CC initially increased productivity, but declined after a tipping point (2040–2070) and later also profitability (2045–2100). RCP8.5 had positive, RCP2.6 negative and RCP4.5 neutral effects on LEV. Switching off eCO<sub>2</sub> turned RCP8.5 from the most profitable to the least profitable scenario and the opposite for RCP2.6. CC generally reduced optimal rotation (<i>R</i><sub>opt</sub>) being scenario dependant, but comparatively more for fir than beech. Admixing fir created an economic benefit when implemented before stand age 50 of beech. This benefit was nullified with protection costs for browsing control (fencing or tree shelters).</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusions</h3><p>Economic parameters (not CC) were the major source of uncertainty stemming from discounting factors and establishment costs. Admixture of fir and shortening rotation can provide a solution to tackle economic and climate uncertainties, but requires early admixture and browsing control.</p>","PeriodicalId":7994,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Forest Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139469953","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}