Annals of Forest Science最新文献

{"title":"Estimation of aboveground biomass and carbon stocks of Quercus ilex L. saplings using UAV-derived RGB imagery","authors":"R. Juan‑Ovejero, A. Elghouat, C. J. Navarro, M. P. Reyes‑Martín, M. N. Jiménez, F. B. Navarro, D. Alcaraz‑Segura, J. Castro, J. Lhotka","doi":"10.1186/s13595-023-01210-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13595-023-01210-x","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7994,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Forest Science","volume":"39 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139259379","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Climate-smart forest management caught between a rock and a hard place","authors":"Bart Muys, Christian Messier","doi":"10.1186/s13595-023-01208-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13595-023-01208-5","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Key message The UNFCCC COP 27 in Sharm El-Sheikh confirmed that climate policies too heavily rely on climate mitigation by forests rather than on de-fossilizing the energy system, to keep global warming within the safe 1.5 °C. Reliable mitigation by forests would imply healthy productive forests well adapted to climate change, and this is no longer the case. The current trend in loss of forest vitality shows that the adaptation of forests is urgently needed, but measures are being insufficiently adopted by foresters on the ground. In this letter, we wonder about the reasons for this inaction paralyzing climate-smart forestry and propose a way forward using a diversity-based no-regret approach in line with available knowledge.","PeriodicalId":7994,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Forest Science","volume":"321 3","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135475052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Potential alternatives for Norway spruce wood: a selection based on defect-free wood properties","authors":"Christian Huber, Magdalena Langmaier, Alexander Stadlmann, Eduard Hochbichler, Maximilian Grabner, Alfred Teischinger, Johannes Konnerth, Michael Grabner, Ulrich Müller, Maximilian Pramreiter","doi":"10.1186/s13595-023-01206-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13595-023-01206-7","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Key message The application of material selection principles uncovered eight possible alternative tree species (two deciduous and six coniferous species) to substitute Norway spruce ( Picea abies (L.) H. Karst.) and potentially prevent economic loss in European forest. Context Climate change is a major challenge for the Central European forest and timber industry. Increasing biotic (e.g. beetle damage) and abiotic (e.g. drought) calamities have led to major losses in forest value, especially on Norway spruce ( Picea abies (L.) H. Karst.) stands. Therefore, a transition to climate change adapted forest management is necessary. Concurrently, neophytes (e.g. tree of heaven ( Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) Swingle), Douglas fir ( Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirbel) Franco), grand fir ( Abies grandis (Douglas ex D. Don) Lindl.) and Paulownia ( Paulownia tomentosa (Thunb.) Steud.)) are increasing their dominance in forest communities and causing additional adaption of the forest ecosystem. Both factors will lead to significant changes in wood species distributions in Central European forests, mainly at the expanse of Norway spruce, over the next decades. Aims Choosing the “right” tree species for afforestation will become ever more complex and will require a holistic approach that combines forestry and technological aspects alike. Therefore, this review presents a selection approach based on available wood material data from literature and the material selection principles proposed by M. Ashby with the aim to identify suitable alternatives for Norway spruce ( Picea abies (L.) H. Karst.) and further concisely assess their silvicultural relevance. Methods For this wood species comparison and selection process, dry and raw density, bending strength and modulus of elasticity were chosen as key properties. Beam- and plate-like components subjected to a bending load were chosen as representative use cases. Results European birch ( Betula spp.), grand fir ( Abies grandis (Douglas ex D. Don) Lindl.) and silver fir ( Abies alba Mill.) were identified as suitable alternatives for Norway spruce ( Picea abies (L.) H. Karst.) from a technological as well as silvicultural point of view. In addition, Paulownia ( Paulownia tomentosa (Thunb.) Steud.), Sitka spruce ( Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carrière), yellow pine ( Pinus strobus L.), western red cedar ( Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don in Lambert) and loblolly pine ( Pinus taeda L.) offer a technological advantage but currently lack relevance in the forest sector. Conclusion The proposed selection process offers an evaluation of technical performance, and in combination with an assessment of the silvicultural relevance, it will be possible to optimize the wood-supply chain and prevent future economic loss of Central European forests.","PeriodicalId":7994,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Forest Science","volume":"41 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135405204","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genetic variation of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) in Eurasia: impact of postglacial recolonization and human-mediated gene transfer","authors":"Weronika Barbara Żukowska, Błażej Wójkiewicz, Andrzej Lewandowski, Richárd László, Witold Wachowiak","doi":"10.1186/s13595-023-01207-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13595-023-01207-6","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Key message The range-wide level of genetic variation of Scots pine ( Pinus sylvestris L.) is geographically structured. High admixture and low genetic structure of populations in Central Europe and Fennoscandia suggest past recolonization from multiple sources and the influence of human-mediated gene transfer. Gene pools of marginal and isolated stands require active conservation. Some areas of Scots pine distribution need further genetic studies. Context Scots pine ( Pinus sylvestris L.) seems to be a species of low conservation priority because it has a very wide Eurasian distribution and plays a leading role in many forest tree breeding programs. Nevertheless, considering its economic value, long breeding history, range fragmentation, and increased mortality, which is also projected in the future, it requires a more detailed description of its genetic resources. Aims Our goal was to compare patterns of genetic variation found in biparentally inherited nuclear DNA with previous research carried out with mitochondrial and chloroplast DNA due to their different modes of transmission. Methods We analyzed the genetic variation and relationships of 60 populations across the distribution of Scots pine in Eurasia (1262 individuals) using a set of nuclear DNA markers. Results We confirmed the high genetic variation and low genetic differentiation of Scots pine spanning large geographical areas. Nevertheless, there was a clear division between European and Asian gene pools. The genetic variation of Asian populations was lower than in Europe. Spain, Turkey, and the Apennines constituted separate gene pools, the latter showing the lowest values of all genetic variation parameters. The analyses showed that most populations experienced genetic bottlenecks in the distant past. Ongoing admixture was found in Fennoscandia. Conclusions Our results suggest a much simpler recolonization history of the Asian than European part of the Scots pine distribution, with migration from limited sources and possible founder effects. Eastern European stands seem to have descended from the Urals refugium. It appears that Central Europe and Fennoscandia share at least one glacial refugium in the Balkans and migrants from higher latitudes, as well as from south-eastern regions. The low genetic structure between Central Europe and Fennoscandia, along with their high genetic admixture, may result at least partially from past human activities related to the transfer of germplasm in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. In light of ongoing climate changes and projected range shifts of Scots pine, conservation strategies are especially needed for marginal and isolated stands of this species. Genetic research should also be complemented in parts of the species distribution that have thus far been poorly studied.","PeriodicalId":7994,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Forest Science","volume":"4 9","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135406288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of sample size on the estimation of forest inventory attributes using airborne LiDAR data in large-scale subtropical areas","authors":"Chungan Li, Zhu Yu, Huabing Dai, Xiangbei Zhou, Mei Zhou","doi":"10.1186/s13595-023-01209-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13595-023-01209-4","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Key message Sample size (number of plots) may significantly affect the accuracy of forest attribute estimations using airborne LiDAR data in large-scale subtropical areas. In general, the accuracy of all models improves with increasing sample size. However, the improvement in estimation accuracy varies across forest attributes and forest types. Overall, a larger sample size is required to estimate the stand volume (VOL), while a smaller sample size is required to estimate the mean diameter at breast height (DBH). Broad-leaved forests require a smaller sample size than Chinese fir forests. Context Sample size is an essential factor affecting the cost of LiDAR-assisted forest resource inventory. Therefore, investigating the minimum sample size required to achieve acceptable accuracy for airborne LiDAR-based forest attribute estimation can help improve cost efficiency and optimize technical schemes. Aims The aims were to assess the optimal sample size to estimate the VOL, basal area, mean height, and DBH in stands dominated by Cunninghamia lanceolate , Pinus massoniana , Eucalyptus spp., and other broad-leaved species in a large subtropical area using airborne LiDAR data. Methods Statistical analyses were performed on the differences in LiDAR metrics between different sample sizes and the total number of plots, as well as on the field-measured attributes. The relative root mean square error (rRMSE) and the determination coefficient ( R 2 ) of multiplicative power models with different sample sizes were compared. The logistic regression between the coefficient of variation of the rRMSE and the sample size was established, and the minimum sample size was determined using a threshold of less than 10% for the coefficient of variation. Results As the sample sizes increased, we found a decrease in the mean rRMSE and an increase in the mean R 2 , as well as a decrease in the standard deviation of the LiDAR metrics and field-measured attributes. Sample sizes for Chinese fir, pine, eucalyptus, and broad-leaved forests should be over 110, 80, 85, and 60, respectively, in a practical airborne LiDAR-based forest inventory. Conclusion The accuracy of all forest attribute estimations improved as the sample size increased across all forest types, which could be attributed to the decreasing variations of both LiDAR metrics and field-measured attributes.","PeriodicalId":7994,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Forest Science","volume":"55 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135616646","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trade-offs among leaf toughness, constitutive chemical defense, and growth rates in oaks are influenced by the level of leaf mass per area","authors":"Domingo Sancho-Knapik, Rubén Martín-Sánchez, David Alonso-Forn, José Javier Peguero-Pina, Juan Pedro Ferrio, Eustaquio Gil-Pelegrín","doi":"10.1186/s13595-023-01204-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13595-023-01204-9","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Key message Among the variety of leaf defensive strategies to counteract herbivory attacks, the oak species analyzed in this study maximize investment in no more than one, with high-LMA oaks developing very tough leaves and low-LMA oaks favoring between high concentrations of condensed tannins or high growth rates. Context Plants develop a variety of defense strategies to counteract herbivory attacks, from physical and chemical defenses to tolerance strategies. Tradeoffs between strategies have been widely assessed from a resource allocation perspective, but there is a need to consider eventual interactions among them. Aim We evaluate the among-species tradeoff between three main constitutive plant defense traits, while considering the leaf mass per area ratio (LMA) as a proxy of leaf construction investment on area basis. Methods Leaf toughness measured as work of fracture, condensed tannins, and relative growth rate (RGR) were analyzed in a set of 19 Quercus L. species with contrasting LMA. Results Most species had low values either in two or in the three traits analyzed. Moreover, the highest values of work of fracture appeared in the species with high LMA; the highest values of condensed tannins were found in the species with the lowest LMA; and high values of RGR were measured in species with intermediate or lower values of LMA. Conclusion Oaks showed a trade-off among leaf defensive strategies influenced by LMA. Oaks with high LMA developed very tough leaves while oaks with low LMA presented lower values of toughness but favored between one of the two other strategies.","PeriodicalId":7994,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Forest Science","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136112639","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Limiting temperatures of embryo growth and seed germination of Fraxinus excelsior L. (Oleaceae): a threshold model approach","authors":"Mikołaj Krzysztof Wawrzyniak, Juan Manuel Ley-López, João Paulo Rodrigues Martins, Paweł Chmielarz","doi":"10.1186/s13595-023-01205-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13595-023-01205-8","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Key message We have examined thermal control for embryo growth and seed germination in European ash. Using historical data (span of 36 years) of embryo index in matured seeds, we showed that maturation is not influenced by the annual average temperature. Secondary dormancy in ash’s seeds is easily induced, and the thermal window for both embryo growth and seed germination was between 10 and 20 °C. Context Seed germination plays a crucial role in establishing plant communities. Ash seeds are characterized by deep morphophysiological dormancy, usually overcome by 32 weeks of stratification. Observed climate changes might disrupt ash’s thermal window for embryo growth and seed germination. Thus, proper examination of seed adaptability can be important for forest management. Aims We investigated the effect of temperature on the embryo index (ratio between embryo and seed length) as well as embryo growth and germination of European ash ( Fraxinus excelsior L.) seeds under different thermal conditions. Methods We used seeds collected at the same site in Poland between 1985 and 2021 to first analyze the influence of the growing season on the initial embryo index in mature seeds. Subsequently, we examined embryo growth and germination of seeds at constant temperatures of 3°, 10°, 15°, 20°, 25°, and 30 °C from seeds collected in 2021. Using the modeled rate of embryo growth and germination, we predicted the cardinal temperatures for those processes in ash seeds. Results The embryo index of ash seeds varied; however, there was no relationship between the index and year of seed collection. The base temperature for embryo growth was 1.4 ± 1.1 °C, with a ceiling temperature of 29.9 ± 2.0 °C and an optimal temperature of 15.7 ± 0.3 °C. The base temperature for germination was at − 1.8 ± 0.3 °C. Due to the induction of secondary dormancy, the ceiling temperature of germination was impossible to establish. Conclusions The initial embryo index of mature ash seeds seems to be an individual trait and was not affected by local average annual temperatures. The most effective temperature ranges for embryo growth and germination were similar, however narrow (between 10 and 15 °C). Temperatures above 20 °C inducted secondary dormancy, hampering embryo growth as well as germination. Such a narrow thermal window for embryo growth can potentially act as a limiting factor for the natural regeneration of ash seeds.","PeriodicalId":7994,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Forest Science","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136114605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Strong pollen limitation in genetically uniform hybrid chestnut orchards despite proximity to chestnut forests","authors":"Clément Larue, Rémy J. Petit","doi":"10.1186/s13595-023-01188-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13595-023-01188-6","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Key message In arboriculture, the number and diversity of pollen donors can have a major impact on fruit production. We studied pollination insurance in hybrid chestnut orchards ( C. sativa × C. crenata ) provided by nearby wild European chestnuts ( C. sativa ) in southwestern France. Most fruits were sired by hybrid pollenizers rather than by wild chestnuts. When these hybrid pollenizers were too scarce, a frequent situation, pollen produced by wild chestnut trees did not compensate for the lack of compatible pollen and fertilization rates and fruit production collapsed. Context The demand for chestnuts has been increasing in recent years in many European countries, but fruit production is not sufficient to meet this demand. Improving pollination service in chestnut orchards could increase fruit production. Aims Investigate pollination service in chestnut orchards. Evaluate the contribution to pollination of trees growing in chestnut woods and forests. Methods We investigated five orchards planted with hybrid chestnuts ( C. sativa × C. crenata ) cultivars in southwestern France. We combined fruit set data, which provide information about pollination rate, with genetic data, which provide information about pollen origin. We used this information to estimate the contribution of nearby C. sativa forest stands to the pollination of each orchard. Results Pollination rates vary considerably, being fivefold higher in orchards comprising numerous pollen donors than in monovarietal orchards. Because of asymmetric hybridization barriers between hybrid and purebred cultivars, the surrounding chestnut forests provide very limited pollination insurance: less than 14% of the flowers in these monovarietal orchards had been pollinated by forest trees. Conclusion Because chestnut orchards are now increasingly relying on hybrid cultivars, surrounding wild European chestnut trees are no longer a reliable pollen source. To achieve maximal fruit set, efforts must therefore concentrate on orchard design, which should include enough cultivar diversity.","PeriodicalId":7994,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Forest Science","volume":"52 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135695638","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rolling front landscape breeding","authors":"Milan Lstibůrek, María Rosario García‐Gil, Arne Steffenrem","doi":"10.1186/s13595-023-01203-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13595-023-01203-w","url":null,"abstract":"Key message Forest tree breeding must undergo significant revisions to adapt to the evolving challenges posed by climate change. Addressing the shifts in environmental conditions requires a comprehensive multidisciplinary approach that includes theoretical work and practical application. Specifically, there is a need to focus on developing new breeding strategies that are theoretically sound and practically feasible, considering the economic constraints of actual tree breeding programs. We present a novel concept utilizing genetic evaluation of multiple traits in forest stands of successive ages across wide ecological ranges. Incorporating genomics allows for detailed genetic evaluation, making use of high-density SNP markers and sophisticated algorithms like GBLUP for genetic parameter estimates. High-throughput phenotyping is conducted using drone-borne lidar technology to capture tree height and survival data across various forest stands. Assisted migration is considered to strategically position genotypes across predicted environmental climatic gradients, thereby accommodating the dynamic nature of ecological shifts. Mathematical optimization acts as an essential component for logistics, guiding the spatial allocation and timely substitution of genotypes to ensure a continually adaptive breeding program. The concept replaces distinct breeding cycles with continuous evaluation and selection, enhancing the rate of genetic response over time.","PeriodicalId":7994,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Forest Science","volume":"100 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135834820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A 14-year series of leaf phenological data collected for European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) and silver fir (Abies alba Mill.) from their geographic range margins in south-eastern France","authors":"Frederic Jean, Hendrik Davi, Sylvie Oddou-Muratorio, Bruno Fady, Ivan Scotti, Caroline Scotti-Saintagne, Julien Ruffault, Valentin Journe, Philippe Clastre, Olivier Marloie, William Brunetto, Marianne Correard, Olivier Gilg, Mehdi Pringarbe, Franck Rei, Jean Thevenet, Norbert Turion, Christian Pichot","doi":"10.1186/s13595-023-01193-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13595-023-01193-9","url":null,"abstract":"Key message Phenology is of increasing interest to climate change science and adaptation ecology. Here, we provide bud development, leafing, and leaf senescence data, collected on 772 European beech and silver fir trees between 2006 and 2019 on Mont Ventoux, France. Dataset access is at https://doi.org/10.15454/TRFMZN . Associated metadata are available at https://metadata-afs.nancy.inra.fr/geonetwork/srv/fre/catalog.search#/metadata/a33c8375-9a90-4bc3-a0d7-19317160b68f .","PeriodicalId":7994,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Forest Science","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135436334","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}