Kaixing Huang, Yang Wang, Wenshou Yan, Shuhui Dong
Starting in 2006, China launched a project to carry out Basic Farmland Construction in 116 representative counties. The objective of this project was to enhance agricultural productivity. China invested 30 billion yuan in this project from 2006 to 2013. Using a difference-in-differences approach, this study estimates that Basic Farmland Construction increased per capita agricultural output by 6.3%, crop sown area by 5%, and agricultural mechanization by 7.3%. The total benefits of the project far exceeded the total investments. By incorporating with rainfall shocks, this study finds that the project could mitigate most of the damage from droughts and floods.
{"title":"Basic Farmland Construction in China: A cost-effective investment for agricultural productivity and disaster resistance","authors":"Kaixing Huang, Yang Wang, Wenshou Yan, Shuhui Dong","doi":"10.1002/aepp.13430","DOIUrl":"10.1002/aepp.13430","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Starting in 2006, China launched a project to carry out Basic Farmland Construction in 116 representative counties. The objective of this project was to enhance agricultural productivity. China invested 30 billion yuan in this project from 2006 to 2013. Using a difference-in-differences approach, this study estimates that Basic Farmland Construction increased per capita agricultural output by 6.3%, crop sown area by 5%, and agricultural mechanization by 7.3%. The total benefits of the project far exceeded the total investments. By incorporating with rainfall shocks, this study finds that the project could mitigate most of the damage from droughts and floods.</p>","PeriodicalId":8004,"journal":{"name":"Applied Economic Perspectives and Policy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140248119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Eugene Adjei, Jingfang Zhang, Wendiam Sawadgo, Wenying Li
We use a panel smooth transition regression model to investigate the influence of Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) rental rates on land enrollment under different crop price regimes. We employ a flexible estimation technique, allowing the CRP rental rate incentives to vary with crop prices, and construct a Hausman-type instrumental variable to address endogeneity. Simulations are conducted to assess the impact of varying crop prices on CRP acreage and its associated environmental effects. Results reveal a nonlinear relationship between rental rates and enrollment, with the impact diminishing as crop prices increase. A 10% rise in CRP rental rates corresponds to a 5.1% expansion in enrollment, reducing to 4.2% when crop prices reach a specific threshold. High crop prices lead to fewer acres enrolled, decreased carbon sequestration, increased phosphorus and nitrogen runoff, and increased sediment loss. Our findings highlight the importance of considering price fluctuations in conservation planning as it has significant implications for environmental conservation policies and programs.
{"title":"Nonlinear effects of conservation reserve program rental rates on land enrollment under varying crop price regimes","authors":"Eugene Adjei, Jingfang Zhang, Wendiam Sawadgo, Wenying Li","doi":"10.1002/aepp.13424","DOIUrl":"10.1002/aepp.13424","url":null,"abstract":"<p>We use a panel smooth transition regression model to investigate the influence of Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) rental rates on land enrollment under different crop price regimes. We employ a flexible estimation technique, allowing the CRP rental rate incentives to vary with crop prices, and construct a Hausman-type instrumental variable to address endogeneity. Simulations are conducted to assess the impact of varying crop prices on CRP acreage and its associated environmental effects. Results reveal a nonlinear relationship between rental rates and enrollment, with the impact diminishing as crop prices increase. A 10% rise in CRP rental rates corresponds to a 5.1% expansion in enrollment, reducing to 4.2% when crop prices reach a specific threshold. High crop prices lead to fewer acres enrolled, decreased carbon sequestration, increased phosphorus and nitrogen runoff, and increased sediment loss. Our findings highlight the importance of considering price fluctuations in conservation planning as it has significant implications for environmental conservation policies and programs.</p>","PeriodicalId":8004,"journal":{"name":"Applied Economic Perspectives and Policy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140073492","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Brenna Ellison, Cassandra J. Nguyen, Matthew P. Rabbitt, Brian French, Meg Bruening
The USDA Food Security Survey Module (FSSM) is the gold standard for measuring food security; however, research suggests that college students may respond to FSSM items differently than the general population. Students may have a varied portfolio of food and financial resources (thus, complicating interpretations of “money”) to acquire food. We conducted a randomized control trial to test whether a preamble to address this issue improves model fit. Results indicated the preamble did not improve model fit, and students' responses deviated from expected patterns. More research could help understand these deviations and their implications for measuring FI on college campuses.
美国农业部食品安全调查模块(FSSM)是衡量食品安全的黄金标准;然而,研究表明,大学生对 FSSM 项目的反应可能与普通人不同。学生可能拥有不同的食物和经济资源组合(因此,对 "金钱 "的解释也会变得复杂)来获取食物。我们进行了一项随机对照试验,以检验针对这一问题的前言是否能提高模型拟合度。结果表明,前言并没有改善模型拟合度,学生的回答偏离了预期模式。更多的研究将有助于了解这些偏差及其对测量大学校园中 FI 的影响。
{"title":"Adapting the USDA Food Security Survey Module for use with college students: Can we improve model fit?","authors":"Brenna Ellison, Cassandra J. Nguyen, Matthew P. Rabbitt, Brian French, Meg Bruening","doi":"10.1002/aepp.13425","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/aepp.13425","url":null,"abstract":"The USDA Food Security Survey Module (FSSM) is the gold standard for measuring food security; however, research suggests that college students may respond to FSSM items differently than the general population. Students may have a varied portfolio of food and financial resources (thus, complicating interpretations of “money”) to acquire food. We conducted a randomized control trial to test whether a preamble to address this issue improves model fit. Results indicated the preamble did not improve model fit, and students' responses deviated from expected patterns. More research could help understand these deviations and their implications for measuring FI on college campuses.","PeriodicalId":8004,"journal":{"name":"Applied Economic Perspectives and Policy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2024-02-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140047771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Eduardo Nakasone, Maria Porter, Mywish K. Maredia, Andrew Jones, David Tschirley
We study the impact of providing consulting services and major capital infusions to small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in the food sector in Kenya. We exploit a quasi-experimental design that matches treated firms with comparable firms that applied for the same support but were just short of scoring sufficient points to receive this support. Using mixed methods, this quantitative analysis is supplemented by in-depth qualitative interviews, which provide further insights into the workings of the program. The program helped SMEs launch new products and increased numbers of employees. Interviewees described higher sales resulting from the major capital infusions they received.
{"title":"A mixed methods assessment of technical and financial assistance to small- and medium-sized enterprises in Kenya's food sector","authors":"Eduardo Nakasone, Maria Porter, Mywish K. Maredia, Andrew Jones, David Tschirley","doi":"10.1002/aepp.13426","DOIUrl":"10.1002/aepp.13426","url":null,"abstract":"<p>We study the impact of providing consulting services and major capital infusions to small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in the food sector in Kenya. We exploit a quasi-experimental design that matches treated firms with comparable firms that applied for the same support but were just short of scoring sufficient points to receive this support. Using mixed methods, this quantitative analysis is supplemented by in-depth qualitative interviews, which provide further insights into the workings of the program. The program helped SMEs launch new products and increased numbers of employees. Interviewees described higher sales resulting from the major capital infusions they received.</p>","PeriodicalId":8004,"journal":{"name":"Applied Economic Perspectives and Policy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2024-02-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/aepp.13426","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140054269","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This research simulates the impact on tax liabilities of five tax provisions that provide benefits to farm households by race and ethnicity. Using pooled data from the Agricultural Resource Management Survey (2017–2021), we find that, relative to White non-Hispanic principal operator farm households, certain business tax benefits are less prevalent and of lower value for Hispanic, African American, and Native American principal operator farm households due to differences in income and investment levels. Household tax credits are significantly higher for Hispanic and Native American principal operator farm households and Asian principal operator farm households have significantly higher total tax benefits from the five provisions examined.
{"title":"An analysis of tax benefits by race and ethnicity for farm households","authors":"Tia M. McDonald, Ron Durst","doi":"10.1002/aepp.13423","DOIUrl":"10.1002/aepp.13423","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This research simulates the impact on tax liabilities of five tax provisions that provide benefits to farm households by race and ethnicity. Using pooled data from the Agricultural Resource Management Survey (2017–2021), we find that, relative to White non-Hispanic principal operator farm households, certain business tax benefits are less prevalent and of lower value for Hispanic, African American, and Native American principal operator farm households due to differences in income and investment levels. Household tax credits are significantly higher for Hispanic and Native American principal operator farm households and Asian principal operator farm households have significantly higher total tax benefits from the five provisions examined.</p>","PeriodicalId":8004,"journal":{"name":"Applied Economic Perspectives and Policy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2024-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139956111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bekhzod Egamberdiev, Ihtiyor Bobojonov, Lena Kuhn, Thomas Glauben, Kamiljon Akramov
By applying Resilience Index Measurement Analysis to data from Tajikistan, this paper measures food insecurity resilience capacity. Another objective of this paper is to construct and integrate coping strategies into resilience discussions. The final objective is to analyze the role of resilience capacity and coping strategy in food security with an Instrumental Variable approach. Our results generally confirm that resilience and coping strategies increase food security, determined by food expenditure, household adequacy of fruit and vegetable consumption, and household food expenditure share. Moreover, resilience capacity has a moderating role in mitigating negative impacts of shocks on food security.
{"title":"Household resilience and coping strategies to food insecurity: An empirical analysis from Tajikistan","authors":"Bekhzod Egamberdiev, Ihtiyor Bobojonov, Lena Kuhn, Thomas Glauben, Kamiljon Akramov","doi":"10.1002/aepp.13422","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/aepp.13422","url":null,"abstract":"By applying Resilience Index Measurement Analysis to data from Tajikistan, this paper measures food insecurity resilience capacity. Another objective of this paper is to construct and integrate coping strategies into resilience discussions. The final objective is to analyze the role of resilience capacity and coping strategy in food security with an Instrumental Variable approach. Our results generally confirm that resilience and coping strategies increase food security, determined by food expenditure, household adequacy of fruit and vegetable consumption, and household food expenditure share. Moreover, resilience capacity has a moderating role in mitigating negative impacts of shocks on food security.","PeriodicalId":8004,"journal":{"name":"Applied Economic Perspectives and Policy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2024-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139754732","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Christopher G. Davis, LaPorchia A. Collins, Gailda Pitre Davis
This study compares financial characteristics of U.S. beef cow-calf farms by race and highlights potential challenges faced by minority farms based on the historical context in which they operate. We find that, in 2018, factors related to farm size and inefficiencies in generating returns contributed to racial disparities in the profitability of beef cow-calf farms. Relative to White cow-calf farms, on average, African American and Native American farms had less acreage, value of production, and net farm income but a higher share at financial risk due to inefficiencies. More research is needed to understand racial differences in farm financial performance.
{"title":"A comparison of operator and financial characteristics of U.S. beef cow-calf producers by race","authors":"Christopher G. Davis, LaPorchia A. Collins, Gailda Pitre Davis","doi":"10.1002/aepp.13421","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/aepp.13421","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study compares financial characteristics of U.S. beef cow-calf farms by race and highlights potential challenges faced by minority farms based on the historical context in which they operate. We find that, in 2018, factors related to farm size and inefficiencies in generating returns contributed to racial disparities in the profitability of beef cow-calf farms. Relative to White cow-calf farms, on average, African American and Native American farms had less acreage, value of production, and net farm income but a higher share at financial risk due to inefficiencies. More research is needed to understand racial differences in farm financial performance.</p>","PeriodicalId":8004,"journal":{"name":"Applied Economic Perspectives and Policy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2024-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139744944","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
James C. Davis, Krishna P. Paudel, Anil Rupasingha
We study the effectiveness of the Mississippi River Basin Healthy Watersheds Initiative (MRBI) in reducing nitrogen pollution in surface water bodies. We use a Kitagawa-Oaxaca-Blinder (KOB) counterfactual decomposition method to quantify the role of income and policy in reducing nitrogen pollution in waterbodies. Our results show that the MRBI policy for the 2012 cohort of implemented watersheds across five states (Arkansas, Indiana, Iowa, Kentucky, and Tennessee) experienced a 43% reduction in nitrogen concentrations when comparing the 2009–2011 pre-treatment period to the 2012–2018 post-treatment period. Decomposition results show that 79% of the improvement in water quality from policy treatment is derived from an endowment effect, driven mainly by location-fixed effects that include cross-sectional mean differences in income, among other characteristics. Results also show that 21% of differences are derived from the coefficient effect or differences in the response of policy-treated watersheds compared to a set of control watersheds.
{"title":"Role of income and policy in reducing water pollution: Evidence from the Mississippi River Basin Healthy Watersheds Initiative","authors":"James C. Davis, Krishna P. Paudel, Anil Rupasingha","doi":"10.1002/aepp.13417","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/aepp.13417","url":null,"abstract":"<p>We study the effectiveness of the Mississippi River Basin Healthy Watersheds Initiative (MRBI) in reducing nitrogen pollution in surface water bodies. We use a Kitagawa-Oaxaca-Blinder (KOB) counterfactual decomposition method to quantify the role of income and policy in reducing nitrogen pollution in waterbodies. Our results show that the MRBI policy for the 2012 cohort of implemented watersheds across five states (Arkansas, Indiana, Iowa, Kentucky, and Tennessee) experienced a 43% reduction in nitrogen concentrations when comparing the 2009–2011 pre-treatment period to the 2012–2018 post-treatment period. Decomposition results show that 79% of the improvement in water quality from policy treatment is derived from an endowment effect, driven mainly by location-fixed effects that include cross-sectional mean differences in income, among other characteristics. Results also show that 21% of differences are derived from the coefficient effect or differences in the response of policy-treated watersheds compared to a set of control watersheds.</p>","PeriodicalId":8004,"journal":{"name":"Applied Economic Perspectives and Policy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140902747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) is the cornerstone food assistance program in the United States and has been shown to reduce the risk of food insecurity. Most research on the causal effect of SNAP on food insecurity relies on the 12-month food insecurity scale along with usage of SNAP at any point during the year. However, recent social surveys ask about experiences with food insecurity in the 30 days prior to the survey. In this paper, we examine whether similar protective effects of SNAP against food insecurity are obtained whether using the 30-day or 12-month food insecurity scale using the December Supplement of the Current Population Survey for 2002–2019. Results indicate comparable average treatment effects of SNAP in mitigating food insecurity across both 30-day and 12-month reference periods.
{"title":"Does the reference period matter when evaluating the effect of SNAP on food insecurity?","authors":"Colleen Heflin, James P. Ziliak","doi":"10.1002/aepp.13420","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/aepp.13420","url":null,"abstract":"Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) is the cornerstone food assistance program in the United States and has been shown to reduce the risk of food insecurity. Most research on the causal effect of SNAP on food insecurity relies on the 12-month food insecurity scale along with usage of SNAP at any point during the year. However, recent social surveys ask about experiences with food insecurity in the 30 days prior to the survey. In this paper, we examine whether similar protective effects of SNAP against food insecurity are obtained whether using the 30-day or 12-month food insecurity scale using the December Supplement of the Current Population Survey for 2002–2019. Results indicate comparable average treatment effects of SNAP in mitigating food insecurity across both 30-day and 12-month reference periods.","PeriodicalId":8004,"journal":{"name":"Applied Economic Perspectives and Policy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139581515","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Travis J. Lybbert, Stella Nordhagen, Stephen A. Vosti, Lynnette M. Neufeld
Persistent malnutrition and food insecurity in sub-Saharan Africa demand creative experimentation beyond conventional financing and interventions. Impact investing merits consideration. Small and medium enterprises (SMEs) shape diets and health outcomes in Africa and may present an investment opportunity. The Nutritious Food Financing Facility (N3F) aims to harness blended impact investing for improved nutrition. We describe this novel approach to enhancing food environments using as a model the N3F, which provides financial and technical support to SMEs to increase the availability and affordability of more nutritious foods in domestic food environments. We consider both the opportunities and challenges of this approach.
{"title":"Improving nutrition through blended finance and impact investing in small and medium enterprises in sub-Saharan Africa","authors":"Travis J. Lybbert, Stella Nordhagen, Stephen A. Vosti, Lynnette M. Neufeld","doi":"10.1002/aepp.13418","DOIUrl":"10.1002/aepp.13418","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Persistent malnutrition and food insecurity in sub-Saharan Africa demand creative experimentation beyond conventional financing and interventions. Impact investing merits consideration. Small and medium enterprises (SMEs) shape diets and health outcomes in Africa and may present an investment opportunity. The Nutritious Food Financing Facility (N3F) aims to harness blended impact investing for improved nutrition. We describe this novel approach to enhancing food environments using as a model the N3F, which provides financial and technical support to SMEs to increase the availability and affordability of more nutritious foods in domestic food environments. We consider both the opportunities and challenges of this approach.</p>","PeriodicalId":8004,"journal":{"name":"Applied Economic Perspectives and Policy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139559117","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}