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Basic Farmland Construction in China: A cost-effective investment for agricultural productivity and disaster resistance 中国的基本农田建设:提高农业生产力和抗灾能力的高性价比投资
IF 3.3 2区 经济学 Q2 AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS & POLICY Pub Date : 2024-03-13 DOI: 10.1002/aepp.13430
Kaixing Huang, Yang Wang, Wenshou Yan, Shuhui Dong

Starting in 2006, China launched a project to carry out Basic Farmland Construction in 116 representative counties. The objective of this project was to enhance agricultural productivity. China invested 30 billion yuan in this project from 2006 to 2013. Using a difference-in-differences approach, this study estimates that Basic Farmland Construction increased per capita agricultural output by 6.3%, crop sown area by 5%, and agricultural mechanization by 7.3%. The total benefits of the project far exceeded the total investments. By incorporating with rainfall shocks, this study finds that the project could mitigate most of the damage from droughts and floods.

从 2006 年开始,中国在 116 个有代表性的县启动了基本农田建设项目。该项目的目标是提高农业生产力。从 2006 年到 2013 年,中国在该项目上投入了 300 亿元。本研究采用差分法估算,基本农田建设使人均农业产值提高了 6.3%,农作物播种面积提高了 5%,农业机械化提高了 7.3%。项目总收益远远超过总投资。通过结合降雨冲击,本研究发现该项目可减轻干旱和洪水造成的大部分损失。
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引用次数: 0
Nonlinear effects of conservation reserve program rental rates on land enrollment under varying crop price regimes 不同作物价格体系下保护储备计划租金率对土地注册的非线性影响
IF 3.3 2区 经济学 Q2 AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS & POLICY Pub Date : 2024-03-07 DOI: 10.1002/aepp.13424
Eugene Adjei, Jingfang Zhang, Wendiam Sawadgo, Wenying Li

We use a panel smooth transition regression model to investigate the influence of Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) rental rates on land enrollment under different crop price regimes. We employ a flexible estimation technique, allowing the CRP rental rate incentives to vary with crop prices, and construct a Hausman-type instrumental variable to address endogeneity. Simulations are conducted to assess the impact of varying crop prices on CRP acreage and its associated environmental effects. Results reveal a nonlinear relationship between rental rates and enrollment, with the impact diminishing as crop prices increase. A 10% rise in CRP rental rates corresponds to a 5.1% expansion in enrollment, reducing to 4.2% when crop prices reach a specific threshold. High crop prices lead to fewer acres enrolled, decreased carbon sequestration, increased phosphorus and nitrogen runoff, and increased sediment loss. Our findings highlight the importance of considering price fluctuations in conservation planning as it has significant implications for environmental conservation policies and programs.

我们使用面板平稳过渡回归模型来研究在不同作物价格体系下,保护储备计划(CRP)租金对土地注册的影响。我们采用了灵活的估算技术,允许 CRP 租金激励随作物价格的变化而变化,并构建了 Hausman 型工具变量来解决内生性问题。我们进行了模拟,以评估不同作物价格对 CRP 种植面积及其相关环境效应的影响。结果显示,租金与注册人数之间存在非线性关系,随着农作物价格的上涨,其影响逐渐减弱。CRP 租金上涨 10%,注册人数增加 5.1%,当作物价格达到特定临界值时,注册人数减少到 4.2%。高农作物价格会导致种植面积减少、碳固存减少、磷和氮径流增加以及沉积物流失增加。我们的研究结果凸显了在保护规划中考虑价格波动的重要性,因为它对环境保护政策和计划具有重大影响。
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引用次数: 0
Adapting the USDA Food Security Survey Module for use with college students: Can we improve model fit? 改编美国农业部食品安全调查模块供大学生使用:我们能否提高模型的拟合度?
IF 5.8 2区 经济学 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2024-02-29 DOI: 10.1002/aepp.13425
Brenna Ellison, Cassandra J. Nguyen, Matthew P. Rabbitt, Brian French, Meg Bruening
The USDA Food Security Survey Module (FSSM) is the gold standard for measuring food security; however, research suggests that college students may respond to FSSM items differently than the general population. Students may have a varied portfolio of food and financial resources (thus, complicating interpretations of “money”) to acquire food. We conducted a randomized control trial to test whether a preamble to address this issue improves model fit. Results indicated the preamble did not improve model fit, and students' responses deviated from expected patterns. More research could help understand these deviations and their implications for measuring FI on college campuses.
美国农业部食品安全调查模块(FSSM)是衡量食品安全的黄金标准;然而,研究表明,大学生对 FSSM 项目的反应可能与普通人不同。学生可能拥有不同的食物和经济资源组合(因此,对 "金钱 "的解释也会变得复杂)来获取食物。我们进行了一项随机对照试验,以检验针对这一问题的前言是否能提高模型拟合度。结果表明,前言并没有改善模型拟合度,学生的回答偏离了预期模式。更多的研究将有助于了解这些偏差及其对测量大学校园中 FI 的影响。
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引用次数: 0
A mixed methods assessment of technical and financial assistance to small- and medium-sized enterprises in Kenya's food sector 以混合方法评估向肯尼亚食品行业中小型企业提供的技术和财政援助
IF 5.8 2区 经济学 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2024-02-29 DOI: 10.1002/aepp.13426
Eduardo Nakasone, Maria Porter, Mywish K. Maredia, Andrew Jones, David Tschirley

We study the impact of providing consulting services and major capital infusions to small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in the food sector in Kenya. We exploit a quasi-experimental design that matches treated firms with comparable firms that applied for the same support but were just short of scoring sufficient points to receive this support. Using mixed methods, this quantitative analysis is supplemented by in-depth qualitative interviews, which provide further insights into the workings of the program. The program helped SMEs launch new products and increased numbers of employees. Interviewees described higher sales resulting from the major capital infusions they received.

我们研究了为肯尼亚食品行业的中小企业提供咨询服务和注入大量资本所产生的影响。我们采用了一种准实验设计,将接受治疗的企业与申请同样支持但未获得足够分数以获得支持的可比企业进行匹配。在采用混合方法进行定量分析的同时,我们还进行了深入的定性访谈,进一步了解了该计划的运作情况。该计划帮助中小企业推出了新产品并增加了员工人数。受访者介绍说,由于获得了大笔资金注入,销售额有所提高。
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引用次数: 0
An analysis of tax benefits by race and ethnicity for farm households 按种族和民族对农户税收优惠的分析
IF 5.8 2区 经济学 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2024-02-23 DOI: 10.1002/aepp.13423
Tia M. McDonald, Ron Durst

This research simulates the impact on tax liabilities of five tax provisions that provide benefits to farm households by race and ethnicity. Using pooled data from the Agricultural Resource Management Survey (2017–2021), we find that, relative to White non-Hispanic principal operator farm households, certain business tax benefits are less prevalent and of lower value for Hispanic, African American, and Native American principal operator farm households due to differences in income and investment levels. Household tax credits are significantly higher for Hispanic and Native American principal operator farm households and Asian principal operator farm households have significantly higher total tax benefits from the five provisions examined.

本研究模拟了按种族和民族划分的五项为农户提供优惠的税收条款对税负的影响。利用农业资源管理调查(2017-2021 年)的汇总数据,我们发现,与白人非西班牙裔主要经营者农户相比,由于收入和投资水平的差异,某些商业税收优惠对西班牙裔、非洲裔和美洲原住民主要经营者农户的普及程度较低,价值也较低。西班牙裔和美国原住民主要经营者农场家庭的家庭税收抵免明显较高,而亚裔主要经营者农场家庭从所审查的五项规定中获得的总税收优惠明显较高。
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引用次数: 0
Household resilience and coping strategies to food insecurity: An empirical analysis from Tajikistan 家庭对粮食不安全的复原力和应对策略:塔吉克斯坦的经验分析
IF 5.8 2区 经济学 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2024-02-13 DOI: 10.1002/aepp.13422
Bekhzod Egamberdiev, Ihtiyor Bobojonov, Lena Kuhn, Thomas Glauben, Kamiljon Akramov
By applying Resilience Index Measurement Analysis to data from Tajikistan, this paper measures food insecurity resilience capacity. Another objective of this paper is to construct and integrate coping strategies into resilience discussions. The final objective is to analyze the role of resilience capacity and coping strategy in food security with an Instrumental Variable approach. Our results generally confirm that resilience and coping strategies increase food security, determined by food expenditure, household adequacy of fruit and vegetable consumption, and household food expenditure share. Moreover, resilience capacity has a moderating role in mitigating negative impacts of shocks on food security.
通过对塔吉克斯坦的数据进行复原力指数衡量分析,本文衡量了粮食不安全复原能力。本文的另一个目标是构建应对策略并将其纳入复原力讨论。最后一个目标是采用工具变量法分析抗灾能力和应对策略在粮食安全中的作用。我们的研究结果总体上证实,抗灾能力和应对策略能提高粮食安全,这取决于粮食支出、家庭水果和蔬菜消费的充足性以及家庭粮食支出份额。此外,抗灾能力在减轻冲击对粮食安全的负面影响方面具有调节作用。
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引用次数: 0
A comparison of operator and financial characteristics of U.S. beef cow-calf producers by race 按种族划分的美国肉牛-小牛生产者的经营者和财务特征比较
IF 5.8 2区 经济学 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2024-02-07 DOI: 10.1002/aepp.13421
Christopher G. Davis, LaPorchia A. Collins, Gailda Pitre Davis

This study compares financial characteristics of U.S. beef cow-calf farms by race and highlights potential challenges faced by minority farms based on the historical context in which they operate. We find that, in 2018, factors related to farm size and inefficiencies in generating returns contributed to racial disparities in the profitability of beef cow-calf farms. Relative to White cow-calf farms, on average, African American and Native American farms had less acreage, value of production, and net farm income but a higher share at financial risk due to inefficiencies. More research is needed to understand racial differences in farm financial performance.

本研究比较了美国不同种族肉牛-小牛农场的财务特征,并根据少数族裔农场经营的历史背景,强调了少数族裔农场面临的潜在挑战。我们发现,2018 年,与农场规模相关的因素以及产生回报的低效率导致了肉牛-小牛农场盈利能力的种族差异。与白人牛犊农场相比,非裔美国人和原住民农场的平均耕地面积、产值和农场净收入较少,但由于效率低下而面临财务风险的比例较高。要了解农场财务绩效的种族差异,还需要进行更多的研究。
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引用次数: 0
Role of income and policy in reducing water pollution: Evidence from the Mississippi River Basin Healthy Watersheds Initiative 收入和政策在减少水污染中的作用:密西西比河流域健康流域倡议的证据
IF 5.8 2区 经济学 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2024-01-30 DOI: 10.1002/aepp.13417
James C. Davis, Krishna P. Paudel, Anil Rupasingha

We study the effectiveness of the Mississippi River Basin Healthy Watersheds Initiative (MRBI) in reducing nitrogen pollution in surface water bodies. We use a Kitagawa-Oaxaca-Blinder (KOB) counterfactual decomposition method to quantify the role of income and policy in reducing nitrogen pollution in waterbodies. Our results show that the MRBI policy for the 2012 cohort of implemented watersheds across five states (Arkansas, Indiana, Iowa, Kentucky, and Tennessee) experienced a 43% reduction in nitrogen concentrations when comparing the 2009–2011 pre-treatment period to the 2012–2018 post-treatment period. Decomposition results show that 79% of the improvement in water quality from policy treatment is derived from an endowment effect, driven mainly by location-fixed effects that include cross-sectional mean differences in income, among other characteristics. Results also show that 21% of differences are derived from the coefficient effect or differences in the response of policy-treated watersheds compared to a set of control watersheds.

我们研究了密西西比河流域健康流域倡议(MRBI)在减少地表水体中氮污染方面的效果。我们使用北川-瓦哈卡-布林德(KOB)反事实分解法来量化收入和政策在减少水体氮污染方面的作用。我们的研究结果表明,在五个州(阿肯色州、印第安纳州、爱荷华州、肯塔基州和田纳西州)2012 年实施的流域 MRBI 政策中,2009-2011 年处理前与 2012-2018 年处理后相比,氮浓度降低了 43%。分解结果表明,政策处理带来的水质改善有 79% 来自于禀赋效应,主要由地点固定效应驱动,其中包括收入等特征的横截面平均差异。结果还显示,21% 的差异来自系数效应或政策处理流域与一组对照流域相比的响应差异。
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引用次数: 0
Does the reference period matter when evaluating the effect of SNAP on food insecurity? 在评估 SNAP 对粮食不安全的影响时,参照期是否重要?
IF 5.8 2区 经济学 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2024-01-25 DOI: 10.1002/aepp.13420
Colleen Heflin, James P. Ziliak
Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) is the cornerstone food assistance program in the United States and has been shown to reduce the risk of food insecurity. Most research on the causal effect of SNAP on food insecurity relies on the 12-month food insecurity scale along with usage of SNAP at any point during the year. However, recent social surveys ask about experiences with food insecurity in the 30 days prior to the survey. In this paper, we examine whether similar protective effects of SNAP against food insecurity are obtained whether using the 30-day or 12-month food insecurity scale using the December Supplement of the Current Population Survey for 2002–2019. Results indicate comparable average treatment effects of SNAP in mitigating food insecurity across both 30-day and 12-month reference periods.
补充营养援助计划(SNAP)是美国的基础食品援助计划,已被证明可以降低食品不安全的风险。关于 SNAP 对粮食不安全的因果影响的大多数研究都依赖于 12 个月的粮食不安全量表以及一年中任何时候 SNAP 的使用情况。然而,最近的社会调查会询问调查前 30 天内的粮食不安全经历。在本文中,我们使用 2002-2019 年《当前人口调查》的 12 月补充资料,研究了无论是使用 30 天还是 12 个月的粮食不安全量表,SNAP 对粮食不安全的保护效果是否相似。结果表明,在 30 天和 12 个月的参照期内,SNAP 在缓解粮食不安全方面的平均治疗效果具有可比性。
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引用次数: 0
Improving nutrition through blended finance and impact investing in small and medium enterprises in sub-Saharan Africa 通过混合融资和对撒哈拉以南非洲中小企业的影响力投资改善营养状况
IF 5.8 2区 经济学 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2024-01-22 DOI: 10.1002/aepp.13418
Travis J. Lybbert, Stella Nordhagen, Stephen A. Vosti, Lynnette M. Neufeld

Persistent malnutrition and food insecurity in sub-Saharan Africa demand creative experimentation beyond conventional financing and interventions. Impact investing merits consideration. Small and medium enterprises (SMEs) shape diets and health outcomes in Africa and may present an investment opportunity. The Nutritious Food Financing Facility (N3F) aims to harness blended impact investing for improved nutrition. We describe this novel approach to enhancing food environments using as a model the N3F, which provides financial and technical support to SMEs to increase the availability and affordability of more nutritious foods in domestic food environments. We consider both the opportunities and challenges of this approach.

撒哈拉以南非洲地区长期存在的营养不良和粮食不安全问题要求在常规融资和干预措施之外进行创造性的尝试。影响投资值得考虑。中小型企业(SMEs)影响着非洲的饮食和健康结果,可能是一个投资机会。营养食品融资机制(N3F)旨在利用混合影响力投资改善营养状况。我们以 N3F 为范例,介绍了这种改善食品环境的新方法。N3F 为中小企业提供资金和技术支持,以提高国内食品环境中更多营养食品的可获得性和可负担性。我们考虑了这种方法的机遇和挑战。
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引用次数: 0
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Applied Economic Perspectives and Policy
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