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Journal club as a supplement to the undergraduate biochemistry laboratory. 期刊俱乐部作为本科生生物化学实验室的补充。
Biochemical education
Pub Date : 2000-03-01
Hall, Wolfson

After purification of lysozyme, our biochemistry students write a research proposal that outlines a strategy for studying this enzyme after alteration by site-directed mutagenesis. Despite a literature search that yielded a wealth of background information, students were often overwhelmed by the assignment because they were not familiar with advanced techniques of protein analysis. We therefore developed a series of journal clubs in which teams of students present methods and data found in papers dealing with lysozyme. The five topics for journal clubs include; substrate binding and mechanism; spectroscopic techniques; stability analysis; two-dimensional NMR; and X-ray crystallography. After the adoption of the group talks, the quality of the research proposals improved immensely and students found the assignment to be an educationally rewarding exercise.

在溶菌酶纯化后，我们的生物化学学生写一份研究计划，概述了通过位点定向诱变改变后研究这种酶的策略。尽管进行了文献检索，获得了丰富的背景信息，但由于学生不熟悉先进的蛋白质分析技术，他们常常被作业压垮。因此，我们发展了一系列的期刊俱乐部，在这些俱乐部中，学生团队介绍在处理溶菌酶的论文中发现的方法和数据。期刊俱乐部的五个主题包括:底物结合及机制;光谱技术;稳定性分析;二维核磁共振;和x射线晶体学。采用小组讨论后，研究建议的质量大大提高，学生们发现这项任务是一项有教育意义的练习。
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引用次数: 0
Does the transport of oxaloacetate across the inner mitochondrial membrane during gluconeogenesis require carrier proteins other than those used in the malate–aspartate shuttle? 在糖异生过程中，草酰乙酸在线粒体内膜的运输是否需要除苹果酸-天冬氨酸穿梭中使用的载体蛋白以外的其他载体蛋白?
Biochemical education
Pub Date : 2000-03-01 DOI: 10.1016/S0307-4412(98)00276-3
Ivan G. Darvey

When authors of general biochemistry textbooks mention carrier proteins involved in the transport of oxaloacetate across the inner mitochondrial membrane for gluconeogenesis, they only make use of the two transporters involved in the malate–aspartate shuttle. As a result of only using the malate-2-oxoglutarate and the glutamate–aspartate carrier proteins, I show that the reaction describing the overall process is unsatisfactory since, in addition to oxaloacetate being transported from the mitochondrial matrix to the cytosol, 2-oxoglutarate is also transported in the reverse direction. I therefore point out that, if only oxaloacetate is to be transported from the mitochondrial matrix to the cytosol, then it is necessary to also make use of other carrier proteins in the inner mitochondrial membrane, namely, the dicarboxylate transporter and the phosphate transporter.

当普通生物化学教科书的作者提到参与通过线粒体内膜运输草酰乙酸进行糖异生的载体蛋白时，他们只使用了参与苹果酸-天冬氨酸穿梭的两种转运蛋白。由于只使用苹果酸-2-氧戊二酸和谷氨酸-天冬氨酸载体蛋白，我表明描述整个过程的反应是不令人满意的，因为除了草酰乙酸从线粒体基质运输到细胞质，2-氧戊二酸也以相反的方向运输。因此，我指出，如果要将草酰乙酸从线粒体基质转运到胞质溶胶，那么还需要利用线粒体内膜中的其他载体蛋白，即二羧酸转运蛋白和磷酸转运蛋白。
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引用次数: 0
The excellence of turnip mitochondrial fraction 萝卜线粒体分数的优良性
Biochemical education
Pub Date : 2000-03-01 DOI: 10.1016/S0307-4412(99)00119-3
Joaquim A.F. Vicente , Vı́tor M.C. Madeira

Several mitochondrial fractions were screened for suitability in practical experiments designed for students, with the following issues in mind: avoiding the use of animals; minimal expenditure of labour and time; high enzyme activities; accessible instruments and low-cost materials. Turnips and potato tubers were identified as the best materials from which to extract purified mitochondria according to these criteria, with high respiratory activities and integrity maintained during five consecutive days. Mitochondrial respiration was assayed for succinate, exogenous NADH, malate/pyruvate and α-ketoglutarate oxidations with excellent results. At the fifth day, the respiratory control was still about 3, the integrity of the outer mitochondrial membrane maintained at values higher than 80%, and the enzymes retained more than 55% of the initial activities.

在为学生设计的实际实验中，筛选了几种线粒体组分的适用性，考虑到以下问题:避免使用动物;花费最少的人力和时间;酶活性高;易于使用的仪器和低成本的材料。根据这些标准，芜菁和马铃薯块茎被确定为提取纯化线粒体的最佳材料，连续5天保持高呼吸活性和完整性。线粒体呼吸测定琥珀酸、外源性NADH、苹果酸/丙酮酸和α-酮戊二酸氧化，结果良好。第5天，呼吸控制仍在3左右，线粒体外膜完整性维持在80%以上，酶活性保持在初始水平的55%以上。
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引用次数: 0
Product review 产品评论
Biochemical education
Pub Date : 2000-03-01 DOI: 10.1016/S0307-4412(00)00006-6
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引用次数: 0
Experimental treatment of the laws of heterogeneous catalysis with immobilized yeast cells (Saccharomyces cerevisiae). 固定化酵母细胞(Saccharomyces cerevisiae)多相催化规律的实验处理。
Biochemical education
Pub Date : 2000-03-01
Grunwald

A series of simple, low-cost experiments is described in this paper that allows students to be introduced to some basic kinetic laws relating to heterogeneous catalysis. Immobilized yeast cells are used as the example and therefore simultaneously offer the opportunity to acquaint the students with the theoretical and practical background of an important branch of biotechnology.

本文介绍了一系列简单、低成本的实验，使学生了解与多相催化有关的一些基本动力学定律。本课程以固定化酵母细胞为例，同时为学生提供了解生物技术这一重要分支的理论和实践背景的机会。
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引用次数: 0
How do proteins fold? 蛋白质是如何折叠的?
Biochemical education
Pub Date : 2000-03-01
Smith

This article emphasizes the importance of getting students to understand the ways in which polypeptides fold to form protein molecules with complex higher-ordered structures. Modern views on how this folding occurs in vitro and in the cell are summarized and set within an appropriate biological context.

本文强调让学生了解多肽折叠形成具有复杂高阶结构的蛋白质分子的方式的重要性。关于这种折叠如何在体外和细胞中发生的现代观点进行了总结，并在适当的生物学背景下进行了设置。
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引用次数: 0
The integrative nature of biochemistry: challenges of biochemical education in the USA 生物化学的整体性:美国生物化学教育的挑战
Biochemical education
Pub Date : 2000-03-01 DOI: 10.1016/S0307-4412(99)00110-7
P.C. Huang

The intricate interplay of Biochemistry with well-established disciplines often blurs the identity of the subject. The issues are many. What is biochemical education? Who should be educated? What should be taught? What should the requirements be for Biochemistry major? What is a career in Biochemistry? The curriculum, course syllabus and application of Biochemistry are ever-evolving concerns. The challenges are particularly keen in the USA due to the diversity in its teaching modes, and in the composition of the student body. The constant changes in technologies also shift the needs of skill and knowledge of the graduates. This presentation is to examine the Biochemistry degree programs in the USA, particularly the curricula of private and public research universities, contrasting them with those of the liberal arts colleges. The goal is to sense the trends of changes, probing how the challenges are met, and to solicit and formulate recommendations as we approach a new millennium.

生物化学与成熟学科之间错综复杂的相互作用常常模糊了这门学科的身份。问题很多。什么是生化教育?谁应该接受教育?应该教些什么?生物化学专业的要求是什么?什么是生物化学职业?生物化学的课程设置、教学大纲和应用是一个不断发展的问题。由于美国的教学模式和学生组成的多样性，这种挑战在美国尤其明显。技术的不断变化也改变了毕业生对技能和知识的需求。本报告旨在研究美国的生物化学学位课程，特别是私立和公立研究型大学的课程，并将其与文理学院的课程进行对比。目标是感知变化的趋势，探索如何应对挑战，并在我们即将进入新千年之际征求和制定建议。
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引用次数: 4
An experiment on apoptosis induced by polyamine adducts produced in the presence of serum amine oxidase. 血清胺氧化酶存在下多胺加合物诱导细胞凋亡的实验。
Biochemical education
Pub Date : 2000-03-01
Fajardo, Urdiales, Sánchez-Jiménez, Medina

A two-session experiment is proposed to train students with an easy, economic and educative procedure to detect the typical DNA ladder produced in many apoptotic events. The procedure is accurate enough to provide an easy way to compare degrees of damage in DNA caused by different treatments.

提出了一个两节课的实验来训练学生用一个简单，经济和教育的程序来检测在许多凋亡事件中产生的典型DNA阶梯。这个过程足够精确，可以提供一种简单的方法来比较不同治疗方法造成的DNA损伤程度。
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引用次数: 0
Does the transport of oxaloacetate across the inner mitochondrial membrane during gluconeogenesis require carrier proteins other than those used in the malate-aspartate shuttle? 在糖异生过程中，草酰乙酸在线粒体内膜的运输是否需要除苹果酸-天冬氨酸穿梭中使用的载体蛋白以外的其他载体蛋白?
Biochemical education
Pub Date : 2000-03-01
Darvey

When authors of general biochemistry textbooks mention carrier proteins involved in the transport of oxaloacetate across the inner mitochondrial membrane for gluconeogenesis, they only make use of the two transporters involved in the malate-aspartate shuttle. As a result of only using the malate-2-oxoglutarate and the glutamate-aspartate carrier proteins, I show that the reaction describing the overall process is unsatisfactory since, in addition to oxaloacetate being transported from the mitochondrial matrix to the cytosol, 2-oxoglutarate is also transported in the reverse direction. I therefore point out that, if only oxaloacetate is to be transported from the mitochondrial matrix to the cytosol, then it is necessary to also make use of other carrier proteins in the inner mitochondrial membrane, namely, the dicarboxylate transporter and the phosphate transporter.

当普通生物化学教科书的作者提到参与通过线粒体内膜运输草酰乙酸进行糖异生的载体蛋白时，他们只使用了参与苹果酸-天冬氨酸穿梭的两种转运蛋白。由于只使用苹果酸-2-氧戊二酸和谷氨酸-天冬氨酸载体蛋白，我表明描述整个过程的反应是不令人满意的，因为除了草酰乙酸从线粒体基质运输到细胞质，2-氧戊二酸也以相反的方向运输。因此，我指出，如果要将草酰乙酸从线粒体基质转运到胞质溶胶，那么还需要利用线粒体内膜中的其他载体蛋白，即二羧酸转运蛋白和磷酸转运蛋白。
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引用次数: 0
A suggested module detailing biopharmaceuticals suitable for inclusion in undergraduate applied biochemistry/biochemistry programs 一个建议的模块，详细介绍适合纳入本科应用生物化学/生物化学课程的生物制药
Biochemical education
Pub Date : 2000-03-01 DOI: 10.1016/S0307-4412(99)00129-6
Gary Walsh

A 26 lecture module is outlined which details the biochemistry and biotechnology of biopharmaceutical substances. It is designed to equip students undertaking programs in applied biochemistry/biochemistry with an understanding of concepts, both academic and applied, directly relevant to working in the biopharmaceutical sector. In addition to the syllabus, a bank of relevant resource material is provided.

一个26讲的模块概述，详细介绍生物制药物质的生物化学和生物技术。它的目的是让学生掌握应用生物化学/生物化学课程的概念，包括学术和应用，直接与生物制药领域的工作相关。除了教学大纲外，还提供了一系列相关的资源材料。
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引用次数: 0
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