Pub Date : 2005-12-01DOI: 10.2143/ANES.42.0.2004456
N. Na’aman
The article discusses two broken tablets from the Egyptian centre of Kumidi. Tablet KL 78:200 is a school text in which the signs are listed in a non-regular order. Eight letters dispatched to Kumidi have been discovered so far indicating that professional scribes capable of reading and writing in Akkadian lived there. Tablet KL 78:200 shows that Akkadian was not only written, but also learned in the place. The second fragmentary tablet was probably sent by Aziru ofAmurru to the governor of Kumidi demonstrating the city's central role in the Egyptian system of government after Aziru has conquered the Egyptian centres of Sumur and Ullasa in the late Amarna period.
这篇文章讨论了来自埃及库米迪中心的两块破碎的石板。牌匾KL 78:200是一种学校文本，其中的符号以不规则的顺序排列。到目前为止，已经发现了八封寄往库米迪的信件，表明能够用阿卡德语读写的专业抄写员住在那里。牌匾KL 78:200表明阿卡德语不仅是书写的，而且是在那里学习的。第二块残片可能是阿穆尔鲁的阿兹鲁(Aziru of amurru)送给库米迪总督的，表明阿兹鲁在阿玛纳(Amarna)时期晚期征服了埃及的苏穆尔(Sumur)和乌拉萨(Ullasa)中心之后，库米迪在埃及政府体系中的核心地位。
{"title":"On two tablets from kamid el-Loz","authors":"N. Na’aman","doi":"10.2143/ANES.42.0.2004456","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2143/ANES.42.0.2004456","url":null,"abstract":"The article discusses two broken tablets from the Egyptian centre of Kumidi. Tablet KL 78:200 is a school text in which the signs are listed in a non-regular order. Eight letters dispatched to Kumidi have been discovered so far indicating that professional scribes capable of reading and writing in Akkadian lived there. Tablet KL 78:200 shows that Akkadian was not only written, but also learned in the place. The second fragmentary tablet was probably sent by Aziru ofAmurru to the governor of Kumidi demonstrating the city's central role in the Egyptian system of government after Aziru has conquered the Egyptian centres of Sumur and Ullasa in the late Amarna period.","PeriodicalId":80328,"journal":{"name":"Abr-Nahrain : an annual under the auspices of the Department of Semitic Studies, University of Melbourne","volume":"22 1","pages":"312-317"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2143/ANES.42.0.2004456","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67817189","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2005-12-01DOI: 10.2143/ANES.42.0.2004450
F. Knauss
Recent archaeological research provided new evidence of strong Achaemenid influence upon the material culture of this region, especially in the field of (monumental) architecture. The investigation of residential buildings of the ordinary people in Eastern Georgia (Kakheti and Kartli) comes up with a different picture: Iron-Age sites (8th-3rd centuries BC) provided merely modest private houses with pise (Kakheti) or rubble walls (Kartli). Often they consisted of just a single multi-functional room. While the manner of building was quite simple, a modest decoration of the living rooms could be observed in quite a few cases, however. So far, we may conclude that the local architecture not only lacks the monumental size of the well known »Achaemenid« buildings in Eastern Georgia but also a number of constructional details, even in Post-Achaemenid times. The impact of Persian rule mainly concerned the local aristocracies.
{"title":"Zur eisenzeitlichen Wohnarchitektur Ostgeorgiens","authors":"F. Knauss","doi":"10.2143/ANES.42.0.2004450","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2143/ANES.42.0.2004450","url":null,"abstract":"Recent archaeological research provided new evidence of strong Achaemenid influence upon the material culture of this region, especially in the field of (monumental) architecture. The investigation of residential buildings of the ordinary people in Eastern Georgia (Kakheti and Kartli) comes up with a different picture: Iron-Age sites (8th-3rd centuries BC) provided merely modest private houses with pise (Kakheti) or rubble walls (Kartli). Often they consisted of just a single multi-functional room. While the manner of building was quite simple, a modest decoration of the living rooms could be observed in quite a few cases, however. So far, we may conclude that the local architecture not only lacks the monumental size of the well known »Achaemenid« buildings in Eastern Georgia but also a number of constructional details, even in Post-Achaemenid times. The impact of Persian rule mainly concerned the local aristocracies.","PeriodicalId":80328,"journal":{"name":"Abr-Nahrain : an annual under the auspices of the Department of Semitic Studies, University of Melbourne","volume":"42 1","pages":"187-210"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2143/ANES.42.0.2004450","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67817049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2005-12-01DOI: 10.2143/ANES.42.0.2004454
Engin Akdeniz
Pirot Hoyuk is located north-east ofMalatya, on the right bank of the Euphrates. It was excavated over seven campaigns (I978-I985) as a part of the Keban and Lower Euphrates (Karakaya Dam) salvage excavation project, conducted by a team directed by Ozgen Karaca. In this paper, its Chalcolithic urn burials will be studied. Layers XIII and XIV at Pirot Hoyuk provide us with information about intra-mural burials that shed light on the burial customs of the Chalcolithic Age in Eastern Anatolia. The urns in which these burials were placed are handmade, large containers with or without handles that are similar to other domestic urns uncovered in the same layer.
{"title":"Chalcolithic urn burials at pirot höyük, eastern Turkey : An assessment","authors":"Engin Akdeniz","doi":"10.2143/ANES.42.0.2004454","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2143/ANES.42.0.2004454","url":null,"abstract":"Pirot Hoyuk is located north-east ofMalatya, on the right bank of the Euphrates. It was excavated over seven campaigns (I978-I985) as a part of the Keban and Lower Euphrates (Karakaya Dam) salvage excavation project, conducted by a team directed by Ozgen Karaca. In this paper, its Chalcolithic urn burials will be studied. Layers XIII and XIV at Pirot Hoyuk provide us with information about intra-mural burials that shed light on the burial customs of the Chalcolithic Age in Eastern Anatolia. The urns in which these burials were placed are handmade, large containers with or without handles that are similar to other domestic urns uncovered in the same layer.","PeriodicalId":80328,"journal":{"name":"Abr-Nahrain : an annual under the auspices of the Department of Semitic Studies, University of Melbourne","volume":"102 1","pages":"277-298"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2143/ANES.42.0.2004454","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67817071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2005-12-01DOI: 10.2143/ANES.42.0.2004448
H. Fazeli, E. H. Wong, D. Potts
Since the I970s the chronological sequence of northwestern Central Plateau of Iran has been based on the findings of the sites of Zagheh, Ghabristan and Sagzabad in the Qazvin plain. Recent re-excavations of Zagheh in 2001 and Ghabristan in 2002 have supplemented earlier findings and provided new interpretations of the cultural sequence in this region of Iran. The data from the ceramic sequence and radiocarbon dating suggest that Zagheh was primarily a Chalcolithic site with no evidence of presence of Neolithic material. Preliminary results from the first season of the re-excavation of Ghabristan have also shed new light on the development of the local ceramic industry and the interpretation of the periodization of the site, especially in regard to Ghabristan III, the Gray Ware period.
{"title":"The qazvin plain revisited : A reappraisal of the chronology of northwestern central plateau, Iran, in the 6th to the 4th millennium BC","authors":"H. Fazeli, E. H. Wong, D. Potts","doi":"10.2143/ANES.42.0.2004448","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2143/ANES.42.0.2004448","url":null,"abstract":"Since the I970s the chronological sequence of northwestern Central Plateau of Iran has been based on the findings of the sites of Zagheh, Ghabristan and Sagzabad in the Qazvin plain. Recent re-excavations of Zagheh in 2001 and Ghabristan in 2002 have supplemented earlier findings and provided new interpretations of the cultural sequence in this region of Iran. The data from the ceramic sequence and radiocarbon dating suggest that Zagheh was primarily a Chalcolithic site with no evidence of presence of Neolithic material. Preliminary results from the first season of the re-excavation of Ghabristan have also shed new light on the development of the local ceramic industry and the interpretation of the periodization of the site, especially in regard to Ghabristan III, the Gray Ware period.","PeriodicalId":80328,"journal":{"name":"Abr-Nahrain : an annual under the auspices of the Department of Semitic Studies, University of Melbourne","volume":"42 1","pages":"3-82"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2143/ANES.42.0.2004448","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67816250","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2005-12-01DOI: 10.2143/ANES.42.0.2004453
H. Koch
Cuneiform tablets, written in Elamite script and language, found at Persepolis, which once were part of the archive of King Darius the Great (522-486 BC), are very informative about life in the Achaemenid Empire. They enlighten us on dignitaries and officials, their position and their function, and the districts for which they were responsible. Comparable to the centre of the Persian empire is the situation in the satrapies. Officials like treasurers and tax collectors are known from Arachosia, for instance, and administrative buildings copy constructions from Persepolis (e.g. at Tacht-e Sangin at the Oxos-river). No administrative centre in Georgia in Achaemenid times has been found so far. But the find of Elamite tablets at Armavir Blur (Armenia) may suggest that there was a comparable institution in Georgia too. Some support comes from Sasanian times when a satrap by the name ofPapak became »viceroy of Iran«, which at least points to the importance of Georgia held for the Persian empire.
{"title":"Achämenidische Verwaltung und Hinweise auf sie in den Randgebieten des persischen Großreiches","authors":"H. Koch","doi":"10.2143/ANES.42.0.2004453","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2143/ANES.42.0.2004453","url":null,"abstract":"Cuneiform tablets, written in Elamite script and language, found at Persepolis, which once were part of the archive of King Darius the Great (522-486 BC), are very informative about life in the Achaemenid Empire. They enlighten us on dignitaries and officials, their position and their function, and the districts for which they were responsible. Comparable to the centre of the Persian empire is the situation in the satrapies. Officials like treasurers and tax collectors are known from Arachosia, for instance, and administrative buildings copy constructions from Persepolis (e.g. at Tacht-e Sangin at the Oxos-river). No administrative centre in Georgia in Achaemenid times has been found so far. But the find of Elamite tablets at Armavir Blur (Armenia) may suggest that there was a comparable institution in Georgia too. Some support comes from Sasanian times when a satrap by the name ofPapak became »viceroy of Iran«, which at least points to the importance of Georgia held for the Persian empire.","PeriodicalId":80328,"journal":{"name":"Abr-Nahrain : an annual under the auspices of the Department of Semitic Studies, University of Melbourne","volume":"42 1","pages":"253-276"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2143/ANES.42.0.2004453","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67817504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2005-12-01DOI: 10.2143/ANES.42.0.2004458
K. Sindawi
The purpose of the present study is to survey the life and deeds of an important Shiite personality, al-Mu'allā b. Khunays, a companion of the Sixth Imam (in Twelver Shī'ism), Ja'far al-Sadiq, one who has not, as far as we are aware, had any scholarly work devoted to him until now. In this study we analyze the role of Al-Mu'allā in the propagation of early Shiite thought through an examination of his life, his close relations with Ja'far al-∼∞Sādiq, and the enrichment of Shiite philosophy and jurisprudence in a number of domains as a result of these relations.
本研究的目的是调查一个重要的什叶派人物al-Mu' allab . Khunays的生活和事迹，他是第六伊玛目Ja'far al-Sadiq的同伴，据我们所知，直到现在还没有任何专门研究他的学术著作。在本研究中，我们通过考察al- mu 'allā的一生、他与Ja'far al-∼∞Sādiq的密切关系，以及这些关系在许多领域丰富了什叶派哲学和法学，来分析他在早期什叶派思想传播中的作用。
{"title":"Al-mu'alla b. khunays : The man and his role in early shi'ite history","authors":"K. Sindawi","doi":"10.2143/ANES.42.0.2004458","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2143/ANES.42.0.2004458","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of the present study is to survey the life and deeds of an important Shiite personality, al-Mu'allā b. Khunays, a companion of the Sixth Imam (in Twelver Shī'ism), Ja'far al-Sadiq, one who has not, as far as we are aware, had any scholarly work devoted to him until now. In this study we analyze the role of Al-Mu'allā in the propagation of early Shiite thought through an examination of his life, his close relations with Ja'far al-∼∞Sādiq, and the enrichment of Shiite philosophy and jurisprudence in a number of domains as a result of these relations.","PeriodicalId":80328,"journal":{"name":"Abr-Nahrain : an annual under the auspices of the Department of Semitic Studies, University of Melbourne","volume":"42 1","pages":"334-351"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2143/ANES.42.0.2004458","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67817423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2005-01-01DOI: 10.2143/ANES.42.0.2004452
L. Summerer
This article deals with a marble head wearing a Persian tiara in the Museum for Anatolian Civilations at Ankara, which was found in Heraclea Pontica. Although it was published twice in the mid-eighties of the last centuryby Akurgal the schoolars took hardly notice of it. The author of the peresent article argues that the heraclian head represents a man of Persian origin rather than an 'Anatolian Greek', as was proposed by Akurgal. As Thomas Schafer pointed out some years ago the rich traces of the oxidation on the beard show clearly that the short cut beard was indeed covered by a wig of bronze. In addition to this, there are also traces of rust surrounding the upper part of the tiara like a tie, which indicates on the existence of a diadem. Such a combination of headgear could be worn obviously by Persian nobles, kings, and satraps, but also by local dynasts. At the time when the sculpture was created at the end of the 6 t h century BC, there was no tyrant or dynast ruling in heracleia. The political system was democracy when the city was founded about 560 BC, then, it turned to oligarchy. From the middle of the sixth century the city came under the control of the Great King, but thanks to loyality of the oligarchs it kept its independency. In this historical context, it seems plausible that this headless statue was set up for a Persian ruler, possibly for the Cappadocian satrap Ariaramnes or the great King Darius I during his Black Sea campaing against the Scythians in 5I3/5I2 BC.
{"title":"Achämeniden am Schwarzen Meer","authors":"L. Summerer","doi":"10.2143/ANES.42.0.2004452","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2143/ANES.42.0.2004452","url":null,"abstract":"This article deals with a marble head wearing a Persian tiara in the Museum for Anatolian Civilations at Ankara, which was found in Heraclea Pontica. Although it was published twice in the mid-eighties of the last centuryby Akurgal the schoolars took hardly notice of it. The author of the peresent article argues that the heraclian head represents a man of Persian origin rather than an 'Anatolian Greek', as was proposed by Akurgal. As Thomas Schafer pointed out some years ago the rich traces of the oxidation on the beard show clearly that the short cut beard was indeed covered by a wig of bronze. In addition to this, there are also traces of rust surrounding the upper part of the tiara like a tie, which indicates on the existence of a diadem. Such a combination of headgear could be worn obviously by Persian nobles, kings, and satraps, but also by local dynasts. At the time when the sculpture was created at the end of the 6 t h century BC, there was no tyrant or dynast ruling in heracleia. The political system was democracy when the city was founded about 560 BC, then, it turned to oligarchy. From the middle of the sixth century the city came under the control of the Great King, but thanks to loyality of the oligarchs it kept its independency. In this historical context, it seems plausible that this headless statue was set up for a Persian ruler, possibly for the Cappadocian satrap Ariaramnes or the great King Darius I during his Black Sea campaing against the Scythians in 5I3/5I2 BC.","PeriodicalId":80328,"journal":{"name":"Abr-Nahrain : an annual under the auspices of the Department of Semitic Studies, University of Melbourne","volume":"42 1","pages":"231-252"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2143/ANES.42.0.2004452","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67817253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2004-01-01DOI: 10.2143/ANES.41.0.562923
J. Morin
This paper argues that Iberia did not form in a vacuum, nor as an imitation of more advanced systems, but was the result of long-term (fifth-second century B. C.) bilateral relationships between local elites and the Persians. Iberia arose to preserve the standing of elites after the collapse of Seleucid Persia I .
{"title":"Long-term cross-cultural relations and state-formation in Transcaucasian Iberia: An Annaliste perspective","authors":"J. Morin","doi":"10.2143/ANES.41.0.562923","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2143/ANES.41.0.562923","url":null,"abstract":"This paper argues that Iberia did not form in a vacuum, nor as an imitation of more advanced systems, but was the result of long-term (fifth-second century B. C.) bilateral relationships between local elites and the Persians. Iberia arose to preserve the standing of elites after the collapse of Seleucid Persia I .","PeriodicalId":80328,"journal":{"name":"Abr-Nahrain : an annual under the auspices of the Department of Semitic Studies, University of Melbourne","volume":"41 1","pages":"108-119"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2143/ANES.41.0.562923","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67816476","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2004-01-01DOI: 10.2143/ANES.41.0.562930
C. Sagona
{"title":"The phoenicians in Spain from a central Mediterranean perspective: A review essay","authors":"C. Sagona","doi":"10.2143/ANES.41.0.562930","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2143/ANES.41.0.562930","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":80328,"journal":{"name":"Abr-Nahrain : an annual under the auspices of the Department of Semitic Studies, University of Melbourne","volume":"41 1","pages":"240-266"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2143/ANES.41.0.562930","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67816175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2004-01-01DOI: 10.2143/ANES.41.0.562924
G. Narimanishvili, V. Shatberashvili
One of the identifying features of the Achaemenid period in Trans-Caucasus is red-painted pottery. This paper identifies four styles of painted pottery in Georgia - Triangle, Samadlo, Kazreti and Samtavro - that are attributable to the fifth-first century B. C., and examines their origins and development.
{"title":"Red-painted pottery of the Achaemenid and post-achaemenid periods from Caucasus (Iberia): Stylistic analysis and chronology","authors":"G. Narimanishvili, V. Shatberashvili","doi":"10.2143/ANES.41.0.562924","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2143/ANES.41.0.562924","url":null,"abstract":"One of the identifying features of the Achaemenid period in Trans-Caucasus is red-painted pottery. This paper identifies four styles of painted pottery in Georgia - Triangle, Samadlo, Kazreti and Samtavro - that are attributable to the fifth-first century B. C., and examines their origins and development.","PeriodicalId":80328,"journal":{"name":"Abr-Nahrain : an annual under the auspices of the Department of Semitic Studies, University of Melbourne","volume":"41 1","pages":"120-166"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2143/ANES.41.0.562924","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67816580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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