K. S. Shah, Mohd Hazizan bin Mohd Hashim, H. Rehman, K. S. Ariffin
This study investigated the effect of rock-water interaction on microstructural properties of various weathering grade sandstone. Sandstone samples were acquired from the Sor-Range coal mine area, Pakistan, and were investigated using a tabletop scanning electron microscope (SEM). The characteristics of microstructures from micrographs were obtained using ImageJ software. According to the findings an increase in wet and dry cycles significantly affects the microstructures (pore spaces and microcracks). The porosity and microcracks density of sandstone increases with the number of wet and dry cycles. Furthermore, the length of microcracks increases as the weathering grade increases. As variation in rock macroscopic mechanical characteristics is directly associated with the deterioration of microstructures. Therefore, analyzing the effect of water-rock interaction in various weathering grades of rock can offer a more accurate reference index for assessing the stability of geotechnical structures.
{"title":"Effect of Wet-Dry Cycling on the Microstructure of Various Weathering Grade Sandstone","authors":"K. S. Shah, Mohd Hazizan bin Mohd Hashim, H. Rehman, K. S. Ariffin","doi":"10.4028/p-103kzt","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4028/p-103kzt","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigated the effect of rock-water interaction on microstructural properties of various weathering grade sandstone. Sandstone samples were acquired from the Sor-Range coal mine area, Pakistan, and were investigated using a tabletop scanning electron microscope (SEM). The characteristics of microstructures from micrographs were obtained using ImageJ software. According to the findings an increase in wet and dry cycles significantly affects the microstructures (pore spaces and microcracks). The porosity and microcracks density of sandstone increases with the number of wet and dry cycles. Furthermore, the length of microcracks increases as the weathering grade increases. As variation in rock macroscopic mechanical characteristics is directly associated with the deterioration of microstructures. Therefore, analyzing the effect of water-rock interaction in various weathering grades of rock can offer a more accurate reference index for assessing the stability of geotechnical structures.","PeriodicalId":8039,"journal":{"name":"Applied Mechanics and Materials","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140264739","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
V. Muthukumaran, Selvaraj Balaji, K.M. Senthilkumar, A.V. Sivasubramaniyan, K.P. Shiva Kumar, R. T. Bharathi
The medical aspirator is a suction device that operates pneumatically (pump). It is an electrically powered machine that is used in hospitals, health care centers and ambulance for a variety of purpose. It is quite heavy, more expensive and serves a variety of functions. The need for a new device necessitates that it should be compact, easily transportable, portable and which can be used for tele-medication. As a result, a medical aspirator is designed with minimum size, weight and portability to mobilized, an aesthetic design, and idea of planning the machine in a shoulder bag, making it easier for nurse and attendants to carry it and treat their patients in a long-term situation. The new design is an optimized variant of the currently available aspirator, as it can perform all functions without any limitation or drawbacks. As a result, the primary goal of the work is to design an aesthetic and compact medical aspirator to serve for the medical treatment.
{"title":"Development of Compact Medical Aspirator with IoT Applications","authors":"V. Muthukumaran, Selvaraj Balaji, K.M. Senthilkumar, A.V. Sivasubramaniyan, K.P. Shiva Kumar, R. T. Bharathi","doi":"10.4028/p-atre6n","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4028/p-atre6n","url":null,"abstract":"The medical aspirator is a suction device that operates pneumatically (pump). It is an electrically powered machine that is used in hospitals, health care centers and ambulance for a variety of purpose. It is quite heavy, more expensive and serves a variety of functions. The need for a new device necessitates that it should be compact, easily transportable, portable and which can be used for tele-medication. As a result, a medical aspirator is designed with minimum size, weight and portability to mobilized, an aesthetic design, and idea of planning the machine in a shoulder bag, making it easier for nurse and attendants to carry it and treat their patients in a long-term situation. The new design is an optimized variant of the currently available aspirator, as it can perform all functions without any limitation or drawbacks. As a result, the primary goal of the work is to design an aesthetic and compact medical aspirator to serve for the medical treatment.","PeriodicalId":8039,"journal":{"name":"Applied Mechanics and Materials","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140265225","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Storage is an important aspect of any business. All businesses must store goods and materials safely, especially warehouses, factories, shops, food, agricultural, and construction businesses. Leaving materials exposed reduces their overall quality; hence, certain structures are used to safely retain the materials for further use. These are called storage structures. A silo is a commonly used storage structure for the storage of bulk materials such as grain and cement. This paper deals with the design of a steel silo for the storage of pozzolana cement. A storage silo is essentially made up of a cylinder-shaped wall and a hopper bottom. Steel Silos are gaining more popularity in terms of cement storage usage. A 150-ton capacity steel silo has been designed for a seismic zone-2 [1] location in Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India (therefore omitting the inclusion of seismic loads). The preliminary design of the silo structure is carried out with the help of Indian Standard code books. Indian Standard code books such as IS 9178-Parts 1,2 & 3 (1979) were used for the basic design. Other necessary code books were used for load calculations. The plan and elevation of the Silo have been drafted by using AutoCAD. The designed Silo is analysed using STAAD Pro. The pile foundation of the Steel Silo has also been designed and analysed using STAAD Foundation.
存储是任何业务的一个重要方面。所有企业都必须安全地储存货物和材料，尤其是仓库、工厂、商店、食品、农业和建筑企业。让材料暴露在外会降低其整体质量；因此，需要使用某些结构来安全地存放材料，以便进一步使用。这些结构被称为储藏结构。筒仓是一种常用的储存结构，用于储存粮食和水泥等散装材料。本文介绍的是一种用于储存胶凝水泥的钢制筒仓的设计。储料仓主要由圆筒形仓壁和料斗底部组成。钢筒仓在水泥储存方面越来越受欢迎。我们为印度泰米尔纳德邦马杜赖的地震 2 区[1]设计了一个 150 吨容量的钢筒仓（因此省略了地震荷载）。筒仓结构的初步设计是在印度标准规范书的帮助下进行的。基本设计采用了印度标准规范书籍，如 IS 9178-Parts 1、2 和 3（1979 年）。其他必要的规范书籍也用于荷载计算。筒仓的平面图和立面图使用 AutoCAD 绘制。设计的筒仓使用 STAAD Pro 进行分析。钢制筒仓的桩基础也使用 STAAD Foundation 进行了设计和分析。
{"title":"Analysis and Design of Steel Cement Storage Silo","authors":"Sweetlin Jebarani J.P. Annie, K.M. Prathiksha, K. Kaviya, P.M. Kavya Dharshini","doi":"10.4028/p-35rodl","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4028/p-35rodl","url":null,"abstract":"Storage is an important aspect of any business. All businesses must store goods and materials safely, especially warehouses, factories, shops, food, agricultural, and construction businesses. Leaving materials exposed reduces their overall quality; hence, certain structures are used to safely retain the materials for further use. These are called storage structures. A silo is a commonly used storage structure for the storage of bulk materials such as grain and cement. This paper deals with the design of a steel silo for the storage of pozzolana cement. A storage silo is essentially made up of a cylinder-shaped wall and a hopper bottom. Steel Silos are gaining more popularity in terms of cement storage usage. A 150-ton capacity steel silo has been designed for a seismic zone-2 [1] location in Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India (therefore omitting the inclusion of seismic loads). The preliminary design of the silo structure is carried out with the help of Indian Standard code books. Indian Standard code books such as IS 9178-Parts 1,2 & 3 (1979) were used for the basic design. Other necessary code books were used for load calculations. The plan and elevation of the Silo have been drafted by using AutoCAD. The designed Silo is analysed using STAAD Pro. The pile foundation of the Steel Silo has also been designed and analysed using STAAD Foundation.","PeriodicalId":8039,"journal":{"name":"Applied Mechanics and Materials","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140078645","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
V. Muthukumaran, Selvaraj Balaji, K.M. Senthilkumar, M. Navaneethan, D. D. J. Mano
In recent years, as the automotive industry is growing, one of the major hope for future vehicles is to meet emissions regulations. Automobiles pollute the air, and clean-air laws have made Catalytic Converters a legal requirement because they convert harmful pollutants from an engine's exhaust into cleaner emissions. The device works with the principle of a catalyst, something that causes or speeds up a chemical reaction without itself being changed. But the presence of a catalytic converter increases the exhaust back pressure which has an indirect effect on the engine efficiency ie engine efficiency decreases, thus increasing fuel consumption. The performance of a catalytic converter is substantially affected by the flow distribution inside the substrate, a uniform flow distribution can increase its efficiency, lower the pressure drop and optimize engine performance. The flow distribution in a catalytic converter assembly 15 is governed by the geometry configurations of the inlet and outlet cone section, the substrate, and exhaust gas compositions, and therefore a better design of the catalytic converter is very important. This Project deals with the fundamental understanding and study of complex processes taking place involving fluid flow, pressure, and velocity profiles in the catalytic converter using ANSYS WORKBENCH 2022 R1. The main objective of our analysis is to determine the most effective and optimum design of a Catalytic Converter
{"title":"Study on Influence of Core Structure on Catalytic Converter Performance Using CFD","authors":"V. Muthukumaran, Selvaraj Balaji, K.M. Senthilkumar, M. Navaneethan, D. D. J. Mano","doi":"10.4028/p-ipswm2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4028/p-ipswm2","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years, as the automotive industry is growing, one of the major hope for future vehicles is to meet emissions regulations. Automobiles pollute the air, and clean-air laws have made Catalytic Converters a legal requirement because they convert harmful pollutants from an engine's exhaust into cleaner emissions. The device works with the principle of a catalyst, something that causes or speeds up a chemical reaction without itself being changed. But the presence of a catalytic converter increases the exhaust back pressure which has an indirect effect on the engine efficiency ie engine efficiency decreases, thus increasing fuel consumption. The performance of a catalytic converter is substantially affected by the flow distribution inside the substrate, a uniform flow distribution can increase its efficiency, lower the pressure drop and optimize engine performance. The flow distribution in a catalytic converter assembly 15 is governed by the geometry configurations of the inlet and outlet cone section, the substrate, and exhaust gas compositions, and therefore a better design of the catalytic converter is very important. This Project deals with the fundamental understanding and study of complex processes taking place involving fluid flow, pressure, and velocity profiles in the catalytic converter using ANSYS WORKBENCH 2022 R1. The main objective of our analysis is to determine the most effective and optimum design of a Catalytic Converter","PeriodicalId":8039,"journal":{"name":"Applied Mechanics and Materials","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140079005","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Machines and Equipment","authors":"Muthusamy Nallusamy, A. D. Pramata, K. A. Razak","doi":"10.4028/b-uuppq0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4028/b-uuppq0","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8039,"journal":{"name":"Applied Mechanics and Materials","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140264191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Cahyono, Aris Sandi, U. Salim, S. Suyitno, B. Arifvianto, H. Saptoadi, M. Mahardika
Digital light processing (DLP) technology has been developed based on stereolithography (SLA) 3D-printing principle. The biodegradable and low-cost polylactic-acid (PLA) has so far been used as polymeric material for photopolymer resin in SLA and DLP. To achieve functional SLA-processed product, the properties of such PLA has been improved, with the aim to make it flame retardant, less viscous, and having light transmittance characteristics. In this study, the liquid raw PLA photopolymer was changed by adding different contents of Ammonium Phosphate (APP), melamine cyanurate (MCA), Aluminum Tri-hydroxide (Al2O3) and Nano-silicon dioxide (SiO2) additives. The solid PLA nanocomposite specimens were printed by using DLP device according to the standard geometry for burning test UL-94 to evaluate its flame-retardant property. In addition, the printing product and residue after burning test was analyzed for their morphological characteristic by using SEM. The results showed that the low weight fraction of MCA showed excellent performance. PLA/MCA successfully kept green body form until the sintering temperature of stainless steel was achieved. It can become a reference for application DLP 3D printing products in the casting and sintering process.
{"title":"Flame Retardant Additives in Polylactic Acid (PLA) Photopolymer Resin for 3D Printing Digital Light Processing (DLP)","authors":"S. Cahyono, Aris Sandi, U. Salim, S. Suyitno, B. Arifvianto, H. Saptoadi, M. Mahardika","doi":"10.4028/p-jcs1zl","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4028/p-jcs1zl","url":null,"abstract":"Digital light processing (DLP) technology has been developed based on stereolithography (SLA) 3D-printing principle. The biodegradable and low-cost polylactic-acid (PLA) has so far been used as polymeric material for photopolymer resin in SLA and DLP. To achieve functional SLA-processed product, the properties of such PLA has been improved, with the aim to make it flame retardant, less viscous, and having light transmittance characteristics. In this study, the liquid raw PLA photopolymer was changed by adding different contents of Ammonium Phosphate (APP), melamine cyanurate (MCA), Aluminum Tri-hydroxide (Al2O3) and Nano-silicon dioxide (SiO2) additives. The solid PLA nanocomposite specimens were printed by using DLP device according to the standard geometry for burning test UL-94 to evaluate its flame-retardant property. In addition, the printing product and residue after burning test was analyzed for their morphological characteristic by using SEM. The results showed that the low weight fraction of MCA showed excellent performance. PLA/MCA successfully kept green body form until the sintering temperature of stainless steel was achieved. It can become a reference for application DLP 3D printing products in the casting and sintering process.","PeriodicalId":8039,"journal":{"name":"Applied Mechanics and Materials","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140264765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Muhammad Irman Khalif Ahmad Aminuddin, Zakaria Endut, N. Setiawan, I. W. Warmada, K. Yonezu
The formation of the Air Piau Gold Deposit in North-East Peninsular Malaysia due to Permo–Triassic subduction and collision between Sibumasu and East Malaya blocks and resulted in several phases of deformation, contraction, and metamorphism. Kinematic and petrography study of quartz veins in Air Piau area observed whether following the foliation of metamorphic rock or crosscut the foliation. Early generation of veining system in Air Piau follow the host rock foliation (V1). Meanwhile the later formation of the hydrothermal vein has a cross-cutting relationship with foliation (V2). Some veins observed were sheared and brecciated (V3). Positive correlation between Au and As concentration that can be characterized these deposit formed at mesozonal zone. V3 vein type showed the brecciated texture of vein indicates the brittle structure deformation. The conceptual model of orogenic gold, this type of V3 vein can be classified as epizonal zone. Regionally, the Air Piau gold deposit shares geologically similarities (in term of tectonic setting, geological structures controlled, host rock, ore gechemistry) with many other sediment/metasediment- hosted, orogenic gold deposits in Peninsular Malaysia such as Tersang, Selinsing and Penjom. Furthermore, Air Piau gold deposit characteristics as discussed before supported the theory related with orogenic/mesothermal gold from various researchers However, a number of inferences on classified Air Piau gold deposit model as orogenic gold deposit remains speculative in the absence importance data like ore geochemistry data (Hg, Sb and Te element concentrations) and fluid inclusion data.
马来西亚半岛东北部的 Air Piau 金矿床是由于二叠三叠纪西布马苏岩块和东马来亚岩块之间的俯冲和碰撞而形成的，并经历了多个变形、收缩和变质阶段。对 Air Piau 地区石英脉的运动学和岩相学研究观察到，这些石英脉是沿着变质岩的褶皱形成的，还是横切褶皱形成的。Air Piau 地区早期的矿脉系统是顺着主岩的折线（V1）形成的。而后来形成的热液矿脉则与褶皱有交叉关系（V2）。观察到的一些矿脉被剪切和砾化（V3）。金和砷的浓度呈正相关，表明这些矿床形成于中生带。V3 矿脉类型显示了矿脉的砾状纹理，表明其为脆性结构变形。根据造山型金矿的概念模型，这种 V3 矿脉可归类为外生带。从区域来看，Air Piau 金矿床与马来西亚半岛的许多其他沉积物/金属沉积物赋存的造山型金矿床（如 Tersang、Selinsing 和 Penjom）在地质方面（构造环境、地质结构控制、寄主岩、矿石化学成分）具有相似性。然而，由于缺乏矿石地球化学数据（汞、锑和碲元素浓度）和流体包裹体数据等重要数据，将 Air Piau 金矿床模式归类为造山型金矿床的一些推断仍是推测性的。
{"title":"Structural and Geochemistry of Air Piau Gold Mineralisation in Kelantan, North-East Peninsular Malaysia","authors":"Muhammad Irman Khalif Ahmad Aminuddin, Zakaria Endut, N. Setiawan, I. W. Warmada, K. Yonezu","doi":"10.4028/p-xdxi6s","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4028/p-xdxi6s","url":null,"abstract":"The formation of the Air Piau Gold Deposit in North-East Peninsular Malaysia due to Permo–Triassic subduction and collision between Sibumasu and East Malaya blocks and resulted in several phases of deformation, contraction, and metamorphism. Kinematic and petrography study of quartz veins in Air Piau area observed whether following the foliation of metamorphic rock or crosscut the foliation. Early generation of veining system in Air Piau follow the host rock foliation (V1). Meanwhile the later formation of the hydrothermal vein has a cross-cutting relationship with foliation (V2). Some veins observed were sheared and brecciated (V3). Positive correlation between Au and As concentration that can be characterized these deposit formed at mesozonal zone. V3 vein type showed the brecciated texture of vein indicates the brittle structure deformation. The conceptual model of orogenic gold, this type of V3 vein can be classified as epizonal zone. Regionally, the Air Piau gold deposit shares geologically similarities (in term of tectonic setting, geological structures controlled, host rock, ore gechemistry) with many other sediment/metasediment- hosted, orogenic gold deposits in Peninsular Malaysia such as Tersang, Selinsing and Penjom. Furthermore, Air Piau gold deposit characteristics as discussed before supported the theory related with orogenic/mesothermal gold from various researchers However, a number of inferences on classified Air Piau gold deposit model as orogenic gold deposit remains speculative in the absence importance data like ore geochemistry data (Hg, Sb and Te element concentrations) and fluid inclusion data.","PeriodicalId":8039,"journal":{"name":"Applied Mechanics and Materials","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140079334","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Juan Pratama, Rahman Wijaya, U. Salim, S. Suyitno, B. Arifvianto, H. Saptoadi, M. Mahardika
Although Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF) technology has gained popularity and is used extensively since the last decade, the low mechanical properties of the resulting product have been recognized as the major limitation of this technique. The anisotropic nature of the printed products due to the layered structure and many cavities that are present inside the printed parts are among the main causes of this problem. In this study, the powder addition reinforcement (PAR) method had been developed by introducing reinforcing powder into the polylactic acid (PLA) as the base material during the printing process so that nozzle clogging can be avoided and powders can be placed between the layers. In this work, iron oxide nanoparticles (Fe2O3) were used as a reinforcing powder. The addition of this powder was carried out by using two methods, namely brushing and compressed air-assisted techniques. The results showed that the compressed-air assisted technique demonstrated better results in terms of mechanical properties. In this case, the tensile strength of the composite with the compressed-air assisted technique was higher by 28.95% than that of the PLA and by 5.53% - 25.2% than that of the brushing method. Finally, this study showed that the compressed air-assisted method is the potential to be developed in the future as a powder addition reinforcement technique in the FFF process.
{"title":"A Novel Powder Addition Method for Improving Tensile Strength of Polylactic-Acid Prepared by Using Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF)","authors":"Juan Pratama, Rahman Wijaya, U. Salim, S. Suyitno, B. Arifvianto, H. Saptoadi, M. Mahardika","doi":"10.4028/p-gw2yjx","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4028/p-gw2yjx","url":null,"abstract":"Although Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF) technology has gained popularity and is used extensively since the last decade, the low mechanical properties of the resulting product have been recognized as the major limitation of this technique. The anisotropic nature of the printed products due to the layered structure and many cavities that are present inside the printed parts are among the main causes of this problem. In this study, the powder addition reinforcement (PAR) method had been developed by introducing reinforcing powder into the polylactic acid (PLA) as the base material during the printing process so that nozzle clogging can be avoided and powders can be placed between the layers. In this work, iron oxide nanoparticles (Fe2O3) were used as a reinforcing powder. The addition of this powder was carried out by using two methods, namely brushing and compressed air-assisted techniques. The results showed that the compressed-air assisted technique demonstrated better results in terms of mechanical properties. In this case, the tensile strength of the composite with the compressed-air assisted technique was higher by 28.95% than that of the PLA and by 5.53% - 25.2% than that of the brushing method. Finally, this study showed that the compressed air-assisted method is the potential to be developed in the future as a powder addition reinforcement technique in the FFF process.","PeriodicalId":8039,"journal":{"name":"Applied Mechanics and Materials","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140079363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kevin Armeimada Prabowo, F. Abdul, Y. Setiyorini, V. A. Setyowati, S. Pintowantoro
The increasing demand for electric vehicles affects the high demand for nickel-based batteries, including Nickel Manganese Cobalt (NMC) batteries. Generally, NMC is processed from high-quality ore (sulfide ore) to produce nickel (II) sulfate hexahydrate or NiSO4.6H2O. But sulfide ore face scarcity due to a long history of mining and exploitation. Thus, laterite-type nickel ore can be an alternative to nickel resources. This study aims to produce mixed sulfate precipitates from a ferronickel leaching solution that can be utilized further to produce NiSO4.6H2O. Also, this research will study the pH effect of the precipitation process on the product's elemental composition, recovery, and compounds formed. The precipitation process was conducted using 5% MgO (weight basis) with a pH range of 2.5 to 6.5 with one increment. The mixed sulfate precipitates were characterized using AAS, EDX, and XRD. When using a pH of 3.5, a nickel concentration of 1473.00 ppm, nickel recovery of 23.02%, and Nickel grade of 3.18% could be obtained. As a result, the phase of NiSO4.6H2O was formed. Also, the other phases were formed after precipitation, such as CoSO4, FeSO4, and MgSO4.
{"title":"Effect of pH on Precipitation of Ferronickel Leaching Solution by Using MgO for Mixed Sulfate Precipitate Synthesis","authors":"Kevin Armeimada Prabowo, F. Abdul, Y. Setiyorini, V. A. Setyowati, S. Pintowantoro","doi":"10.4028/p-7bujxz","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4028/p-7bujxz","url":null,"abstract":"The increasing demand for electric vehicles affects the high demand for nickel-based batteries, including Nickel Manganese Cobalt (NMC) batteries. Generally, NMC is processed from high-quality ore (sulfide ore) to produce nickel (II) sulfate hexahydrate or NiSO4.6H2O. But sulfide ore face scarcity due to a long history of mining and exploitation. Thus, laterite-type nickel ore can be an alternative to nickel resources. This study aims to produce mixed sulfate precipitates from a ferronickel leaching solution that can be utilized further to produce NiSO4.6H2O. Also, this research will study the pH effect of the precipitation process on the product's elemental composition, recovery, and compounds formed. The precipitation process was conducted using 5% MgO (weight basis) with a pH range of 2.5 to 6.5 with one increment. The mixed sulfate precipitates were characterized using AAS, EDX, and XRD. When using a pH of 3.5, a nickel concentration of 1473.00 ppm, nickel recovery of 23.02%, and Nickel grade of 3.18% could be obtained. As a result, the phase of NiSO4.6H2O was formed. Also, the other phases were formed after precipitation, such as CoSO4, FeSO4, and MgSO4.","PeriodicalId":8039,"journal":{"name":"Applied Mechanics and Materials","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140263576","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Immersive experiences through Mixed Reality (MR) are revolutionizing the way people connect and interact with each other and things around them. MR is the umbrella term that binds all spatial computing technologies which blends real and virtual environments. It holds the potential to provide things beyond imagination while simultaneously making deeper and more meaningful engagement possible. A new engineer to be equipped with the know-how of an OP (Operational Procedure) of machinery, this virtual laboratory helps to know the intricate details of the machinery and tools. The virtual laboratory combines the use of MR technologies, such as augmented reality (AR) and virtual reality (VR), with advanced 3D modeling tools. This virtual laboratory has the potential to revolutionize the sustainable design process by providing an immersive and flexible platform for experimentation, analysis, and collaboration. This project focuses on helping the user to visualize the machine (i.e., Single Drum Piston) and its functionalities through an immersive experience and understand the visual empathy of it. Through 3D Modelling technology, Plane detection and algorithms written with C# script we built this solution with the incorporation of Autodesk Maya and Unity Game Engine. The built solution can be experienced immersive by viewing it through a mobile placed in a headset (Aryzon Headset). This MR experience provides realistic virtual presentations which eases learning of complex modules while analytics ensure understanding of outcomes. It can empower designers and researchers to explore innovative design solutions, optimize resource utilization, and ultimately contribute to the development of more sustainable built environments. This can be incorporated in various other fields like automobile manufacturing, machine industries, construction tool manufacturing, real estate buildings & landscapes, home appliances and furniture, interior design, medical institution, and educational institutions.
{"title":"Virtual Laboratory in Mixed Reality with 3D Modelling for Sustainable Design","authors":"R. Surya, K. Akila, K.M. Senthilkumar","doi":"10.4028/p-cuybj4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4028/p-cuybj4","url":null,"abstract":"Immersive experiences through Mixed Reality (MR) are revolutionizing the way people connect and interact with each other and things around them. MR is the umbrella term that binds all spatial computing technologies which blends real and virtual environments. It holds the potential to provide things beyond imagination while simultaneously making deeper and more meaningful engagement possible. A new engineer to be equipped with the know-how of an OP (Operational Procedure) of machinery, this virtual laboratory helps to know the intricate details of the machinery and tools. The virtual laboratory combines the use of MR technologies, such as augmented reality (AR) and virtual reality (VR), with advanced 3D modeling tools. This virtual laboratory has the potential to revolutionize the sustainable design process by providing an immersive and flexible platform for experimentation, analysis, and collaboration. This project focuses on helping the user to visualize the machine (i.e., Single Drum Piston) and its functionalities through an immersive experience and understand the visual empathy of it. Through 3D Modelling technology, Plane detection and algorithms written with C# script we built this solution with the incorporation of Autodesk Maya and Unity Game Engine. The built solution can be experienced immersive by viewing it through a mobile placed in a headset (Aryzon Headset). This MR experience provides realistic virtual presentations which eases learning of complex modules while analytics ensure understanding of outcomes. It can empower designers and researchers to explore innovative design solutions, optimize resource utilization, and ultimately contribute to the development of more sustainable built environments. This can be incorporated in various other fields like automobile manufacturing, machine industries, construction tool manufacturing, real estate buildings & landscapes, home appliances and furniture, interior design, medical institution, and educational institutions.","PeriodicalId":8039,"journal":{"name":"Applied Mechanics and Materials","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140263604","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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