Muhammad Imawan Badranaya, Juan Pratama, U. A. Salim, S. Suyitno, B. Arifvianto, M. Mahardika
A comprehensive understanding of powder flow is essential, particularly in the synthesis of additives in the solid free-forming process and dosage dispensing in pharmaceutical industries. The vibration method is the most widely used for inducing powder flow. In this method, a hopper containing powder is vibrated by a piezoelectric system to allow powder flow. However, there are several drawbacks in this method, particularly in the degree of consistency of the resulting flow. This occurs because the vibration characteristics created have a single axis direction, resulting in which can lead to powder compaction. To resolve this problem, this research is conducted to determine the flow properties of titanium powder dispensed by 2-axis vibration. The titanium (Ti) powder having a size of less than 74 μm in the powder hopper was vibrated for 15 min by a DC motor and the weight of the dispensed powder was measured to evaluate the consistency of the resulting powder flow. The result shows that the powder flow generated by the DC motor was consistent during the period of dispensing. However, the powder flow rate dropped up to 8.6% during 5-10 min of dispensing at a speed of 1800 rpm. In conclusion, the 2-axis vibration by using a DC motor could prevent the powder compacting phenomenon and ensure a consistent flow of micro-sized powders during the dispensing process.
{"title":"A Method for Micro Powder Dispensing by Using DC Motor with a 2-Axis Vibration","authors":"Muhammad Imawan Badranaya, Juan Pratama, U. A. Salim, S. Suyitno, B. Arifvianto, M. Mahardika","doi":"10.4028/p-pcy1mo","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4028/p-pcy1mo","url":null,"abstract":"A comprehensive understanding of powder flow is essential, particularly in the synthesis of additives in the solid free-forming process and dosage dispensing in pharmaceutical industries. The vibration method is the most widely used for inducing powder flow. In this method, a hopper containing powder is vibrated by a piezoelectric system to allow powder flow. However, there are several drawbacks in this method, particularly in the degree of consistency of the resulting flow. This occurs because the vibration characteristics created have a single axis direction, resulting in which can lead to powder compaction. To resolve this problem, this research is conducted to determine the flow properties of titanium powder dispensed by 2-axis vibration. The titanium (Ti) powder having a size of less than 74 μm in the powder hopper was vibrated for 15 min by a DC motor and the weight of the dispensed powder was measured to evaluate the consistency of the resulting powder flow. The result shows that the powder flow generated by the DC motor was consistent during the period of dispensing. However, the powder flow rate dropped up to 8.6% during 5-10 min of dispensing at a speed of 1800 rpm. In conclusion, the 2-axis vibration by using a DC motor could prevent the powder compacting phenomenon and ensure a consistent flow of micro-sized powders during the dispensing process.","PeriodicalId":8039,"journal":{"name":"Applied Mechanics and Materials","volume":"55 26","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139441761","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
K. A. Razak, A. D. Pramata, Anif Jamaluddin, Dwinanto Sukamto
{"title":"Technologies and Processes in Applied Mechanics and Materials Research","authors":"K. A. Razak, A. D. Pramata, Anif Jamaluddin, Dwinanto Sukamto","doi":"10.4028/b-o5vy53","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4028/b-o5vy53","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8039,"journal":{"name":"Applied Mechanics and Materials","volume":"47 41","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139442521","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
E. Dyartanti, Anif Jamaluddin, Muhammad Farrel Akshya, Dimas Zuda Fathul Akhir, H. S. E. A. Gustiana, Agus Purwanto, Aficena Himdani Ilmam Abharan, Muhammad Nizam
Lithium-ion batteries like LiFePO4 become a new choice for electrical energy sources in the world and can be used on electric vehicles. Battery packs monitoring by Battery Management System in electric vehicles require accurate monitoring. The inaccuracy of monitoring such property can lead to low safety, low efficiency and battery’s life reduction. Estimating state of charge (SoC) to prevent battery damage from overcharging and over discharging. Some of the methods used to estimate SoC such as Coulomb Counting have errors during the charge and discharge process. This research proposes a counting method for measuring SoC with the artificial neural networks (ANN) to provide more precise estimation. Feed Forward Neural Network (FFNN) is an ANN model that can give an accurate estimation of SoC by learning data of the charge-discharge process performed on sample batteries. The sample batteries are tested with a battery analyzer to get its charging-discharging data consisting of variables such as voltage, current, capacity, and time with C-Rate variations. These variables data are then learned by the modeled FFNN to predict SoC value. The FFNN model consisted of 16 neurons in the first layer, 8 neurons in the second layer, and 4 neurons in the third layer. The predicted SoC value from FFNN has a similar value with its real SoC value. The relationship between SoC and battery voltage is plotted in a curve and shows an identical characteristic with how the SoC-Voltage curve of a battery should be and have a low mae value. This FFNN model can be applied further such as in electric vehicles to maintain its safety and for longer use.
{"title":"The State of Charge Estimation of LiFePO4 Batteries Performance Using Feed Forward Neural Network Model","authors":"E. Dyartanti, Anif Jamaluddin, Muhammad Farrel Akshya, Dimas Zuda Fathul Akhir, H. S. E. A. Gustiana, Agus Purwanto, Aficena Himdani Ilmam Abharan, Muhammad Nizam","doi":"10.4028/p-iidzs6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4028/p-iidzs6","url":null,"abstract":"Lithium-ion batteries like LiFePO4 become a new choice for electrical energy sources in the world and can be used on electric vehicles. Battery packs monitoring by Battery Management System in electric vehicles require accurate monitoring. The inaccuracy of monitoring such property can lead to low safety, low efficiency and battery’s life reduction. Estimating state of charge (SoC) to prevent battery damage from overcharging and over discharging. Some of the methods used to estimate SoC such as Coulomb Counting have errors during the charge and discharge process. This research proposes a counting method for measuring SoC with the artificial neural networks (ANN) to provide more precise estimation. Feed Forward Neural Network (FFNN) is an ANN model that can give an accurate estimation of SoC by learning data of the charge-discharge process performed on sample batteries. The sample batteries are tested with a battery analyzer to get its charging-discharging data consisting of variables such as voltage, current, capacity, and time with C-Rate variations. These variables data are then learned by the modeled FFNN to predict SoC value. The FFNN model consisted of 16 neurons in the first layer, 8 neurons in the second layer, and 4 neurons in the third layer. The predicted SoC value from FFNN has a similar value with its real SoC value. The relationship between SoC and battery voltage is plotted in a curve and shows an identical characteristic with how the SoC-Voltage curve of a battery should be and have a low mae value. This FFNN model can be applied further such as in electric vehicles to maintain its safety and for longer use.","PeriodicalId":8039,"journal":{"name":"Applied Mechanics and Materials","volume":"35 13","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139442907","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Badaruddin, Jesi Tiastuti, Tri Budi Utami, H. Supriadi, Zulhanif Zulhanif
In the present research, the fatigue crack growth (FCG) of AISI 1020 steel with and without pre-deformation were characterized by using MTS Landmark 100 kN under fatigue loading at ratio (R) = 0.3, Pmax = 0.7 and f = 10 Hz at room temperature. Tensile test results show that 6.25% pre-deformation given on the steel increases of yield strength. In contrast, the ultimate tensile strength, elastic modulus and elongation decrease. The FCG rate (da/dN) of AISI 1020 steel without pre-deformation determined at stage II is 6.12´10-11ΔK2.94 m/cycle and steel with 6.25% pre-deformation is 8.03´10-10ΔK2.02 m/cycle. According to microstructural observation for the pre-deformation steel, plastic deformation formed on the steel in the axial direction affects the FCG rate of the steel, leads to crack retardation for certain period of time. SEM fractographic observation on the fracture surface of the steel shows that a transgrannular crack length of 12 mm for 42,000 cycles occurs at ferrite grains. The steel failed when the crack length reached ~18.1 mm within 43,500 cycles and continuing up to 43,549 cyles, the steel experienced static failure.
{"title":"Fatigue Crack Growth of AISI 1020 Steel Grade in Pre-Deformed Condition","authors":"M. Badaruddin, Jesi Tiastuti, Tri Budi Utami, H. Supriadi, Zulhanif Zulhanif","doi":"10.4028/p-1hbx2o","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4028/p-1hbx2o","url":null,"abstract":"In the present research, the fatigue crack growth (FCG) of AISI 1020 steel with and without pre-deformation were characterized by using MTS Landmark 100 kN under fatigue loading at ratio (R) = 0.3, Pmax = 0.7 and f = 10 Hz at room temperature. Tensile test results show that 6.25% pre-deformation given on the steel increases of yield strength. In contrast, the ultimate tensile strength, elastic modulus and elongation decrease. The FCG rate (da/dN) of AISI 1020 steel without pre-deformation determined at stage II is 6.12´10-11ΔK2.94 m/cycle and steel with 6.25% pre-deformation is 8.03´10-10ΔK2.02 m/cycle. According to microstructural observation for the pre-deformation steel, plastic deformation formed on the steel in the axial direction affects the FCG rate of the steel, leads to crack retardation for certain period of time. SEM fractographic observation on the fracture surface of the steel shows that a transgrannular crack length of 12 mm for 42,000 cycles occurs at ferrite grains. The steel failed when the crack length reached ~18.1 mm within 43,500 cycles and continuing up to 43,549 cyles, the steel experienced static failure.","PeriodicalId":8039,"journal":{"name":"Applied Mechanics and Materials","volume":"14 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139443239","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Fendi Aji Purnomo, Dewi Maharani Setyaningsih, Gravilian Megarifera Liset, Rike Aqila Nurfi, Sugeng Sulistyawan, Windhu Griyasti Suci, Agus Purwanto, H. Aliwarga
This study aims to develop an Internet of Things (IoT) based Battery Management System that monitors battery operation and performance in real-time. They used an Agile Methodology to build a BMS Monitoring System, using the Vue js framework and Laravel. The battery monitoring system provides information on battery temperature, current, and voltage data, essential for monitoring battery conditions below or over limits. The interface is accessible via desktop and mobile devices. This research resulted in real-time temperature (temperature on sensor 1, temperature on sensor 2, temperature on sensor 3, and maximum temperature limit) , current (maximum current limit, current total, and minimum current limit) , and voltage (maximum voltage limit, total voltage, and minimum voltage limit) monitoring based on certain time intervals.
{"title":"Implementation of Vue Js and Laravel on Monitoring Battery Management System","authors":"Fendi Aji Purnomo, Dewi Maharani Setyaningsih, Gravilian Megarifera Liset, Rike Aqila Nurfi, Sugeng Sulistyawan, Windhu Griyasti Suci, Agus Purwanto, H. Aliwarga","doi":"10.4028/p-xyjc8o","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4028/p-xyjc8o","url":null,"abstract":"This study aims to develop an Internet of Things (IoT) based Battery Management System that monitors battery operation and performance in real-time. They used an Agile Methodology to build a BMS Monitoring System, using the Vue js framework and Laravel. The battery monitoring system provides information on battery temperature, current, and voltage data, essential for monitoring battery conditions below or over limits. The interface is accessible via desktop and mobile devices. This research resulted in real-time temperature (temperature on sensor 1, temperature on sensor 2, temperature on sensor 3, and maximum temperature limit) , current (maximum current limit, current total, and minimum current limit) , and voltage (maximum voltage limit, total voltage, and minimum voltage limit) monitoring based on certain time intervals.","PeriodicalId":8039,"journal":{"name":"Applied Mechanics and Materials","volume":"53 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139442072","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Muhammad Yusuf, Syamsul Bahri, Agustinawati Agustinawati, M. Sayuti, Irfan Maulana Maulana, Teuku Razan Bilza
Sand casting is a metal casting process to make a component by pouring molten metal into the sand mold. The casting process, the sand is the fundamental material used for mold making. The sand used is generally silica sand, river sand, mountain sand, and beach sand. The sand for molding must have requirements such as having formability, suitable permeability, good distribution of sand grain size, resistance to high temperatures, suitable binder composition, and sand must be cheap. This study investigated to determine the potential of Krueng Mane river sand in Aceh Indonesia for its possible use for metal casting. The important properties studied are moisture content, total clay content, grain fineness number, and grain shape. Tests are carried out following the standards and procedures defined by the American Foundrymen’s Society (AFS). Results obtained revealed that the river sand has average moisture content of 7.78 %, clay content of 3.20%, and grain fineness number (GFN) of 46. Krueng Mane river sand will be suitable for casting of casting of light steel, heavy grey steel, medium grey iron, and non-ferrous metals, with the addition of binding agent in suitable proportion.
砂型铸造是一种金属铸造工艺，通过将熔融金属浇注到砂型中来制造零件。在铸造过程中，砂是制作模具的基本材料。使用的砂子一般是硅砂、河砂、山砂和沙滩砂。造型用砂必须具有可成形性、合适的透气性、良好的砂粒分布、耐高温、合适的粘结剂成分等要求，而且砂子必须便宜。本研究旨在确定印度尼西亚亚齐省 Krueng Mane 河砂用于金属铸造的潜力。研究的重要特性包括含水量、粘土总含量、颗粒细度数和颗粒形状。测试按照美国铸造协会（AFS）规定的标准和程序进行。结果显示，河沙的平均含水量为 7.78%，粘土含量为 3.20%，颗粒细度数（GFN）为 46。在加入适当比例的结合剂后，Krueng Mane 河砂将适用于轻钢、重灰钢、中灰铁和有色金属的铸造。
{"title":"Preliminary Study on the Potential of Krueng Mane River Sand for Metal Casting Use","authors":"Muhammad Yusuf, Syamsul Bahri, Agustinawati Agustinawati, M. Sayuti, Irfan Maulana Maulana, Teuku Razan Bilza","doi":"10.4028/p-k3gxik","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4028/p-k3gxik","url":null,"abstract":"Sand casting is a metal casting process to make a component by pouring molten metal into the sand mold. The casting process, the sand is the fundamental material used for mold making. The sand used is generally silica sand, river sand, mountain sand, and beach sand. The sand for molding must have requirements such as having formability, suitable permeability, good distribution of sand grain size, resistance to high temperatures, suitable binder composition, and sand must be cheap. This study investigated to determine the potential of Krueng Mane river sand in Aceh Indonesia for its possible use for metal casting. The important properties studied are moisture content, total clay content, grain fineness number, and grain shape. Tests are carried out following the standards and procedures defined by the American Foundrymen’s Society (AFS). Results obtained revealed that the river sand has average moisture content of 7.78 %, clay content of 3.20%, and grain fineness number (GFN) of 46. Krueng Mane river sand will be suitable for casting of casting of light steel, heavy grey steel, medium grey iron, and non-ferrous metals, with the addition of binding agent in suitable proportion.","PeriodicalId":8039,"journal":{"name":"Applied Mechanics and Materials","volume":"48 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139442458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Asyraf Hakimi Abu Bakar, Noorhashimah Mohamad Nor, Z. Lockman, Nor Azizah Parmin, K. A. Razak
Infectious disease such as COVID-19 is one of the major concerns in Malaysia as it becomes the second killing disease and causes huge number of death and spread to other regions of the world if left unchecked. In developed countries, infectious diseases are often preventable, but lack of medical devices in detecting it makes the death cases increase. The growth of different COVID-19 mutation has given so much challenges in detecting, preventing and curing. This gives motivation to researchers in order to solve this global problem by creating and advancing the detection tools and methods. Time, equipment availability, and the biological nature of COVID-19 influence the selection of appropriate detection techniques. This paper summarizes the comprehensive review on the type of diagnostic tests and biosensors available in detecting COVID-19 disease.
{"title":"Development of Biosensor for early Detection of COVID-19","authors":"Asyraf Hakimi Abu Bakar, Noorhashimah Mohamad Nor, Z. Lockman, Nor Azizah Parmin, K. A. Razak","doi":"10.4028/p-2ggh9b","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4028/p-2ggh9b","url":null,"abstract":"Infectious disease such as COVID-19 is one of the major concerns in Malaysia as it becomes the second killing disease and causes huge number of death and spread to other regions of the world if left unchecked. In developed countries, infectious diseases are often preventable, but lack of medical devices in detecting it makes the death cases increase. The growth of different COVID-19 mutation has given so much challenges in detecting, preventing and curing. This gives motivation to researchers in order to solve this global problem by creating and advancing the detection tools and methods. Time, equipment availability, and the biological nature of COVID-19 influence the selection of appropriate detection techniques. This paper summarizes the comprehensive review on the type of diagnostic tests and biosensors available in detecting COVID-19 disease.","PeriodicalId":8039,"journal":{"name":"Applied Mechanics and Materials","volume":"92 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139444584","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kardo Rajagukguk, S. Suyitno, H. Saptoadi, Indraswari Kusumaningtyas, U. A. Salim, B. Arifvianto, M. Mahardika
Direct chill (DC) casting has been considered as one of the promising casting methods that can be used to produce aluminum alloys billet. The process is conducted by pouring aluminum metal into a water-cooled mold. The billet shell begins to form when molten aluminum contact directly with the mold (this is also known as primary cooling). Afterward, the starting block is pulled downwards at a specified casting speed to achieve desired aluminum billet. The start-up phase during the DC casting process is considered a crucial step since it may determine the formation of defects in the casting products. This research aims to investigate the casting defects on the aluminum alloy that were formed during the start-up process of DC casting. The results show that the billet failed to form following the downward movement of starting block. Meanwhile, the billet tended to stick to the mold wall due to several factors, such as too low a pouring temperature, a less-round mold shape, the poor quality of the hot top and graphite ring, and the water that entered the mold during the casting process. It also noted several markers of the casting defects that occurred during the DC casting process such as liquation or bleeding, cold folding, billet stuck in the mold, butt structure, and rough billet surface.
{"title":"The Start-Up Phase of Aluminum Billet Production Using Direct Chill Casting","authors":"Kardo Rajagukguk, S. Suyitno, H. Saptoadi, Indraswari Kusumaningtyas, U. A. Salim, B. Arifvianto, M. Mahardika","doi":"10.4028/p-ak62ye","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4028/p-ak62ye","url":null,"abstract":"Direct chill (DC) casting has been considered as one of the promising casting methods that can be used to produce aluminum alloys billet. The process is conducted by pouring aluminum metal into a water-cooled mold. The billet shell begins to form when molten aluminum contact directly with the mold (this is also known as primary cooling). Afterward, the starting block is pulled downwards at a specified casting speed to achieve desired aluminum billet. The start-up phase during the DC casting process is considered a crucial step since it may determine the formation of defects in the casting products. This research aims to investigate the casting defects on the aluminum alloy that were formed during the start-up process of DC casting. The results show that the billet failed to form following the downward movement of starting block. Meanwhile, the billet tended to stick to the mold wall due to several factors, such as too low a pouring temperature, a less-round mold shape, the poor quality of the hot top and graphite ring, and the water that entered the mold during the casting process. It also noted several markers of the casting defects that occurred during the DC casting process such as liquation or bleeding, cold folding, billet stuck in the mold, butt structure, and rough billet surface.","PeriodicalId":8039,"journal":{"name":"Applied Mechanics and Materials","volume":"118 18","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139444612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. D. Balela, Geramheen Z. Dela Vega, Yasmin Yvon A. Suyat
The extensive use of pesticides can result in overexposure and soil, water, and produce residues. For instance, residues of malathion were found on some vegetables. Molecularly-imprinted polymers (MIP) have been recently developed for sensing of pesticide residues. This study prepared malathion-imprinted polymers via precipitation polymerization and deposited on quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) electrodes. FTIR spectroscopy proved the incorporation and removal of malathion in the matrix of MIP. SEM images revealed that MIP particles are larger than the non-imprinted polymer (NIP) particles due to the incorporation of malathion. Binding experiments were done using standard malathion solutions of 10 to 60 ppm. The MIP-QCM sensor had a greater response than the NIP-QCM sensor. This is due to the specific binding sites in the MIP matrix. On the other hand, the response of NIP-QCM sensor is attributed to the non-specific adsorption sites in its matrix. A sensitivity and detection limit of 1.62 Hz·L/mg and 5.67 ppm, respectively were determined for the MIP-QCM sensor. Lastly, the MIP-QCM sensor is stable and reusable up to three (3) cycles.
{"title":"Malathion Detection Using Molecularly-Imprinted Polymer Quartz Crystal Microbalance Sensor","authors":"M. D. Balela, Geramheen Z. Dela Vega, Yasmin Yvon A. Suyat","doi":"10.4028/p-qv7kci","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4028/p-qv7kci","url":null,"abstract":"The extensive use of pesticides can result in overexposure and soil, water, and produce residues. For instance, residues of malathion were found on some vegetables. Molecularly-imprinted polymers (MIP) have been recently developed for sensing of pesticide residues. This study prepared malathion-imprinted polymers via precipitation polymerization and deposited on quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) electrodes. FTIR spectroscopy proved the incorporation and removal of malathion in the matrix of MIP. SEM images revealed that MIP particles are larger than the non-imprinted polymer (NIP) particles due to the incorporation of malathion. Binding experiments were done using standard malathion solutions of 10 to 60 ppm. The MIP-QCM sensor had a greater response than the NIP-QCM sensor. This is due to the specific binding sites in the MIP matrix. On the other hand, the response of NIP-QCM sensor is attributed to the non-specific adsorption sites in its matrix. A sensitivity and detection limit of 1.62 Hz·L/mg and 5.67 ppm, respectively were determined for the MIP-QCM sensor. Lastly, the MIP-QCM sensor is stable and reusable up to three (3) cycles.","PeriodicalId":8039,"journal":{"name":"Applied Mechanics and Materials","volume":"34 41","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139442969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sustainability is one of the most challenging concepts in the global mining industry. The purpose of this is to limit the harmful effects of mineral extraction on the environment and at the same time to meet the present and future needs of civilization. Therefore, we should blaze the path leading to sustainability and supply security, as well as identify the factors affecting these concepts. Thus, in this paper, the main factors are listed and defined. They are divided into two main categories: the positives and the negatives. The positives are the longevity of the minerals' mining, the index of the annual met need, the environmental-social condition of the resources, and the condition of the resources in friend countries. Also, the negative ones are the harmful chemicals released, the energy required per ton of minerals, annual CO2 emitted per ton, and recyclability. Accordingly, the factors can be used to make a strategic plan for the future of the minerals supply of a country. So, the framework developed leads the authorities to find the solutions to the sustainability of minerals' supply and increase the security of mining productions.
{"title":"Factors Affecting the Sustainable Secure Supply of Minerals","authors":"Meisam Saleki, Mohd Hazizan Mohd Hashim","doi":"10.4028/p-guccy2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4028/p-guccy2","url":null,"abstract":"Sustainability is one of the most challenging concepts in the global mining industry. The purpose of this is to limit the harmful effects of mineral extraction on the environment and at the same time to meet the present and future needs of civilization. Therefore, we should blaze the path leading to sustainability and supply security, as well as identify the factors affecting these concepts. Thus, in this paper, the main factors are listed and defined. They are divided into two main categories: the positives and the negatives. The positives are the longevity of the minerals' mining, the index of the annual met need, the environmental-social condition of the resources, and the condition of the resources in friend countries. Also, the negative ones are the harmful chemicals released, the energy required per ton of minerals, annual CO2 emitted per ton, and recyclability. Accordingly, the factors can be used to make a strategic plan for the future of the minerals supply of a country. So, the framework developed leads the authorities to find the solutions to the sustainability of minerals' supply and increase the security of mining productions.","PeriodicalId":8039,"journal":{"name":"Applied Mechanics and Materials","volume":"26 17","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139443477","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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